2. OD PROCESS
Asso. Prof. Dr. Chiraprapha Tan Akaraborworn
â€Ē Field Theory – Kurt Lewin
â€Ē Where to start making changeWhere to start making change
People VS System
â€Ē Tao of Change :Push-Pull Theoryao o C a ge us u eo y
â€Ē The Heart of Change – John P. Kotter
â€Ē Action Research – Cummings & Worleyg y
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn2
The Transition Curve: A Cycle of CHANGE
3
2 DENIAL
Pe
2. DENIAL
that change is necessary
Retreat/withdrawal.
False competence
7. INTEGRATION
of new skills
and behavior.
erceived
False competence
Blocking
6. SEARCH
for meaning Understanding
dComp
3. AWARENESS
that change is necessary.
Understanding own
5 EXPERIMENTATION
for meaning. Understanding
reasons for success/failure.
petence
Incompetence.
5. EXPERIMENTATION
Testing of new approaches
and skills. Try to do things
differently.
1. SHOCK
Surprise: mismatch
b/w expectation and reality
4. ACCEPTANCE
of reality, letting go of past,
comfortable attitudes.
differently.
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
comfortable attitudes.
Field Theory by Kurt Lewin
4
y y
1. Unfreezing
āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ™āļŠāļ™āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ™
Psychological
2. Moving
āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ 3. Refreezing
āđˆ
Disconfirmation
āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļ™āļīāļ‡??
New
â€ĒBehaviors Supporting mechanismsBehaviors
â€ĒValues
â€ĒAttitudes
Supporting mechanisms
â€ĒOrg. Culture
â€ĒNorms
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
â€ĒPolicies
â€ĒStructures
āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļŦāļ™āļ”āļĩ??
5
:
Put a good person in a bad system,
and the system will win every time.
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
OD is a process of change.OD is a process of change.
In The Tao of ChangeNon-Asian view
“to change is to
maintain BALANCE and
“to change is to overcome
resistance.”
HARMONY.”
āļ› āļĩāđˆ āļ› āļ·
āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­
āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ­āļēāļŠāļ™āļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āļ­
āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāđāļĨāļ°
āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ­āļēāļŠāļ™āļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™
āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ™āđ€āļ‚āļēāļāļąāļ™
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 7
(Marshak, 1997)
OD: Balance
8
“āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē
āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āļ„āļ·āļ­āļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āļ„āļ­āļ—āļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļ”āļāļēāļĢ
āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļš
āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ
āļ› āļĩāđˆ āļ› â€ Individual
āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡â€
(Cook & Hunsaker, 2001)
Individual
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Organization
System
To success in the OD
9
ï‚Ļ Pay attention to employees’ needs
ï‚Ļ Create an organizational system
To influence employees
to move forward with planned changes.
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Team Up
10
ï‚Ļ # of members
5 6 lï‚Ī 5-6 in regular
ï‚Ī 7-8 in executive class
15 minutes
ï‚Ļ Name your Consulting Team
ï‚Ļ Create a logo & motto
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Push-Pull Theory
11
Manufacturers and workplaces can no longer base production
on desktop planning alone and then distribute, or push, them
t th k t It h b tt f fonto the market. It has become a matter of course for
customers, or users, each with a different value system, to
stand in the frontline of the marketplace and so to speak,stand in the frontline of the marketplace and so to speak,
pull the good they need, in the amount and at the time they
need them.
(Ono & Ohno, 1988, p. xiv)(Ono & Ohno, 1988, p. xiv)
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Push System & Pull People
12
Prepare people for change
Manage the systems to allow change to
happenhappen
āļĩ āļąāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļ„āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļšāļš
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Push Theory: Push System
13
āđˆï‚Ļ āļ—āđāļēāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄïœŠ
ï‚Īāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāļ­āļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđƒāļŦāļĄïœŠï‚Īāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĒāļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāļ­āļĄāļŦāļĢāļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđƒāļŦāļĄ
ï‚ĪāđƒāļŦāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™, āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°, āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāļ™āđƒāļŦ
āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ„āļ•āļī
ï‚Īāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļĒāļ—āļ˜ïœŽāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°ï‚Īāļˆāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļšāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ, āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ, āđāļĨāļ°
āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢ
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Pull Theory: Pull People
14
āđ„ āđˆ āđƒ āđƒ āđ„ āđƒ āđˆï‚Ļ āļ—āđāļēāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āļ­āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāļ›ïœāļˆāđ€āļˆāļāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩ
āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›
--Psychological Perspective—
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Push-Pull Theory
15
Employee Participation (EP)
EP Process āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĢāļ§āļĄ
āļĩ āļąāđŠ ?
āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĢāļ§āļĄāđƒāļ™
āļą āđƒ ?
āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĢāļ§āļĄ
 āđ„āļ› āļĩ āļąāđŠ ?āļ”āļĩāļĄāļąāļĒ? āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđƒāļ”? āļ•āļ­āđ„āļ›āļ”āļĩāļĄāļąāļĒ?
Field Theory UNFREEZING MOVING REFREEZINGy
āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļ™
āļ‡āļēāļ™
āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡
āđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ§ïœŠāļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­
āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ
āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ‡āļēāļ™
āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™
āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ
āđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļ”āļ‚āļ™āļ§āļēāđ€āļĄāļ­
āļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđāļĨāļ§āļˆāļ°āļŠïœŠāļ§āļĒ
āđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™
āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļˆāļ°
āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđƒāļŦāļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ§ïœ‹
āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ
āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
āđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļēāļ™
āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢ
āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āđ„āļ›
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Push-Pull Theory in the Process of EPy
E i iï‚Ļ Unfreezing ï‚Ļ Energizing
ï‚Ī To motivate and make
the individuals/group
ï‚Ī Employees need to see
the need for/g p
ready for change participation and to
be satisfied with the
ï‚Ī Breaking down of the
folkways, customs, and
new organization
environment and
d
y , ,
traditions condition
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 16
Push-Pull Theory in the Process of EPy
Ch liï‚Ļ Moving ï‚Ļ Channeling
ï‚Ī Identification ï‚Ī Why employees
choose the degree to
ï‚Ī Internalization
g
which they will be
involved in their job
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 17
Push-Pull Theory in the Process of EPy
M i i iï‚Ļ Refreezing ï‚Ļ Maintaining
ï‚Ī It is for an individual
engaged in a change
ï‚Ī Reinforcement –
behavior is shaped byg g g
process to be in an
environment that
p y
environmental
consequences
continually reinforces
the desired change
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 18
āļ›āļĢāļąāļŠāļāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļžāļ­āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡
āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
āļ āļ
āļļ
āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļ­āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨ (End and mean)
āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āđāļē (āļ“āļąāļāļāļžāļ‡āļĻ āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ āļąāļāļ”āļĩ 2550: 14)āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļē (āļ“āļāļāļžāļ‡āļĻ āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ āļāļ”, 2550: 14)
āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢ (OD)āļāļēāļĢāļžāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢ (OD)
Western :Western :
To change is to overcome resistance
Eastern :
To change is to maintain balance and harmony
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn19
g y
The Tao of Change” (Marshak (1997)
PUSH PULL
Hard Stuff
â€ĒStructure
Soft Stuff/People Issue
â€ĒOrg. Climate
/ i f/ iâ€ĒProcess
â€ĒSystem
â€ĒValue/Belief/Attitude
â€ĒBehavior
ORGANIZATION THEORY ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
“Shaper” Driver”
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 20
p
Chiraprapha Akaraborworn, AHRD Conference in Asia, 2003
OD : Harmony
ith t l i twith external environment
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn21
OD : Harmony
ithi i ti
22
within organization
P f N dPerformance Needs
Goals Design Mgt.
evel
Org. Org.
Goals
Org.
Design
Org.
Mgt.
nceLe
Process Process
Goals
Process
Design
Process
Mgt
orma
Job/Perfor
mance
Job
Goals
Job
Design
Job
Mgt
Perf
@ Chiraprapha AkarabowornRummler & Brache, 1990
Organizational Level
23
g
Inputs Design Components Outputs
h l
Strategy
tion
ness
Technology
ent
gy
Environment
rganizat
ffectiven
Structure Culture
asurem
tems
Or
Ef
Mea
syst
Human Resource Systems
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Group Level
24
Inputs Design Components Outputs
T k St t
O i ti
Task Structure
P f
ess
Organization
Design
Performance
Norms
Compo-
sition
up
ectivene
Interpersonal Relations
Grou
Effe
p
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Individual Level
25
Inputs Design Components Outputs
Organization Skill VarietyOrganization
Design
Skill Variety
Task Autonomy
ess
Group Design
P l
Identity
Autonomy
vidual
ectivene
Personal
Characteristics Task
Significance
Feedback
about
results
Indiv
Effe
esu ts
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
General Model of Planned Change
Planning Evaluating
and
Institutionalizing
Planning
and
Implementing
Ch
Diagnosing
Entering
and
C t ti ChangeChangeContracting
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn26
Action Research Model
27
Problem Identification
Joint diagnosis
Define Problem
Joint action planning
Consultation with a
behavioral scientist
Moving
p g
Data gathering & Action
Multi-Methods
Data gathering &
preliminary diagnosis
Action
Feedback to Client
Data gathering after
action
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Rothwell, Sullivan & McLean (1995)
Contemporary Approaches to Planned Change
28
p y pp
Choose Positive
Subjects
Develop a Vision with
Broad ParticipationSubjects Broad Participation
Collect Positive
Stories with Broad
Participation
Develop Action
Plans
Participation
Examine Data and
Evaluate
Examine Data and
Develop Possibility
Propositions
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Comparison of
Pl d Ch M d l ( 24)
29
Planned Change Models (p. 24)
ï‚Ļ Similarities
ï‚Ī Change preceded by diagnosis or preparationï‚Ī Change preceded by diagnosis or preparation
ï‚Ī Apply behavioral science knowledge
ï‚Ī Stress involvement of organization membersg
ï‚Ī Recognize the role of a consultant
ï‚Ļ Differences
ï‚Ī General vs. specific activities
ï‚Ī Centrality of consultant role
ï‚Ī Problem-solving vs. social constructionism
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Different Types of Planned Change
30
Different Types of Planned Change
ï‚Ļ Magnitude of Change
I t lï‚Ī Incremental
ï‚Ī Quantum
ï‚Ļ Degree of Organization
ï‚Ī Over-organized
ï‚Ī Under-organized
ï‚Ļ Domestic vs. International Settings
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
g
Change Level
31
g
ï‚Ļ āđ€āļšāļēāļŠāļļāļ”: āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļāđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢ
āļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđ„āļĄïœŠāļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ„āļīāļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ„āļ•āļīāđƒāļ™
āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™
ï‚Ļ āļāļĨāļēāļ‡: āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšïœ‹āļēāļ‡ āđāļ•āļāļēāļĢï‚Ļ āļāļĨāļēāļ‡: āļžāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡ āđāļ•āļāļēāļĢ
āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ
ï‚Ļ āļĄāļēāļ: āļïœŠāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™
āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ āđāļ•āļ–āļēāļ—āđāļēāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļĄāļąāļāļ™āđāļēāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļĩāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļđ
āđāļ‚āļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Critique of Planned Change
32
ï‚Ļ Conceptualization of Planned Change
ï‚Ī Change in not linear
ï‚Ī Change is not rational
ï‚Ī The relationship between change and performance is
unclear
ï‚Ļ Practice of Planned Change
ï‚Ī Limited consulting skills and focusg
ï‚Ī Quick fixes vs. development approaches
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
1. Entering & Contracting
2. Diagnosing Organizations
ley
3. Diagnosing groups and jobs
4 C ll ti d l i di ti
Wor
4. Collecting and analyzing diagnostic
information
gs&
5. Feeding back diagnostic information
6 Designing Interventions
mming
6. Designing Interventions
7. Leading & Managing Change
Cum
g g g g
8. Evaluating and Institutionalizing OD
I t ti
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 33
Interventions
8 steps to create change
34
1. Establish a sense of urgencyg y
2. Create the guiding coalition – guiding team
3. Develop a vision and strategy (clear, simple, uplifting)p gy p p g
4. Communicate the change vision (through simple, heart felt
messages)
5. Empower broad-based action (people)
6. Generate short-term wins
7. Consolidate gains and produce more change (Create momentum –
wave after wave of change)
I i i li h i h l ( k h i k)8. Institutionalize new approaches in the culture (make change stick)
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Establish a sense of
URGENCYURGENCY
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn35
āđˆāđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļšïœ‹āļēāļ‡
(Organization Diagnosis)(Organization Diagnosis)
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn36
1. A sense of urgency
āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™â€Ķāđāļ•:
ï‚Ļ āļ‚āļēāļ”āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™
ï‚Ļ āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđāļ•āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ­āļĒāļđāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļē
ï‚Ļ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ•āđˆāđāļēāļāļ§ïœŠāļēāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›ï‚Ļ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāđ€āļĢāļˆāļ•āļēāļāļ§āļēāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ—āļ§āđ„āļ›
ï‚Ļ āđ€āļ™ïœ‹āļ™āļĒāđ‰āđāļēāđāļ•āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŦāļ™ïœŠāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ—āļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™
ï‚Ļ āļ‚āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ
ï‚Ļ āļ›āļāļīāđ€āļŠāļ˜āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢï‚Ļ āļ›āļāđ€āļŠāļ˜āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢ
ï‚Ļ āļœāļđāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđāļ•āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļēāļ™āļšāļ§āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 37
1. A sense of urgency
to motivate action:
ï‚Ļ āļ•āļ­āļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ
āļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļˆāļēāđ€āļ›āļ™
see, touch and feel.
ï‚Ļ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢ
āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™
ï‚Ļ āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ āļēāļ„āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ•
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 38
John P. Kotter &
D C h
39
Dan Cohen
“ Change happens when
you make people feel differently.”
“you have to appeal more to
the heart than the mind”
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
40
change
feel
see
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
C h d lCreate the guiding coalition
GUIDING TEAMGU NG M
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn41
2. The guiding coalition
42
āļŦāļēāđāļ™āļ§āļĢāļ§āļĄ
ï‚Ļ Find the right people
ï‚Īāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļœāļđāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡
ï‚Īāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđāļïœŠāļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ
ï‚Īāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļœāļđāļ™āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
ï‚Ļ Trust and common goals
āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ„āļ§ïœ‹āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđ„āļ”
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
2. Build the guiding team(1)
“Right people”:
ï‚Ļ āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ”āļĩ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļđ āļļ
āļ§āļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™ïœŽāđ„āļ” (essential for creating vision)
ï‚Ļ āļĩ  āļŠāļ·āđˆ āļ· āļĩ āļ· ïœŠ āđ  āļą āļŠ āđƒ ï‚Ļ āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļēāđ€āļŠāļ­āļ–āļ­,āļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‚āļēāļĒ, āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļēāđāļŦāļ™āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ”āļšāļŠāļđāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ
(essential for communicating vision)
āđˆ āđˆï‚Ļ āļĢāļđāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ”āļĩ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ‚āļ­āļˆāđāļēāļāļąāļ”āļ•āļēāļ‡āđ†āļ‚āļ­āļ‡
āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ
ï‚Ļ āļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļœāļđāļ™āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 43
2. Build the guiding team
44
making meetings work
â€ĒStick to one topic per meetingp p g
â€ĒPut someone credible in charge
â€ĒIn charge person has to be
a central force in the guiding teama central force in the guiding team
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
l dDevelop a vision and strategy
CLEAR – SIMPLE - UPLIFTINGCLEAR – SIMPLE - UPLIFTING
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn45
3. Creating a vision
46
develop a vision and strategy
āđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļ” āļ§āļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™ïœŽāļ™āđāļē
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
āđ€āļ›āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļ” āļ§āļŠāļĒāļ—āļĻāļ™āļ™āļē
3. Creating a vision
47
Good vision
ï‚Īāļ•āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļžāļžāļˆāļ™ïœŽ
ï‚ĪāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ”āļķāļ‡āļ”āļđāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāđ„āļ”āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§
ï‚Īāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢï‚Īāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ›āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āđ€āļ›āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢ
āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™
 āļĩāđˆ āļ·āđˆ āļąï‚Īāļ‡ïœŠāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāļˆāļ°āļŠāļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
3. Get the vision right
4 things help direct action in the right direction
1. Budgets: financial piece of the plan
2. Plans: step by step how to implement a strategy and is a
logical, linear process
3. Strategies: shows how to achieve the vision, and requires
accurate and up to date info about customers andp
competitors
4. Visions: show an end state where all the plans andp
strategies will take you
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 48
    āđ„  ?āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļ•āļ­āļ‡āļ‹ïœŠāļ­āļĄāđāļ‹āļĄāļšïœ‹āļēāļ™āļŠïœŠāļ§āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ™āļšïœ‹āļēāļ‡?
“āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļœāļĨāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§
āļī  āļąāđ‰ āļĩāđˆ āđ āđ āđ‡āļĄāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ™āļ™āļĒāļēāļāļ—āļˆāļ°āļ—āļēāļŠāļēāđ€āļĢāļˆâ€
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn49
C h hCommunicate the change vision
THROUGH SIMPLETHROUGH SIMPLE
HEART FELT MESSAGES
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn50
4. Communicating the vision
7 principles of good communication
1. āļ‡ïœŠāļēāļĒāđāļ•āđ‚āļ”āļ™āđƒāļˆ
āđƒāļŠïœ‹āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ›āļĄāļēāļ­āļ›āļĄāļąāļĒāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™2. āđƒāļŠāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļļāļ›āļĄāļēāļ­āļļāļ›āļĄāļĒāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĒāļšāđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāļ™
3. āđƒāļŠïœ‹āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ†āļŠïœŠāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ
4. āļĒāđ‰āđāļēāđāļĨāļ§āļĒāđ‰āđāļēāļ­āļĩāļ
āđ āļ›ïœ’ āļą ïœŠ5. āļ—āļēāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ›āļ™āļ•āļ§āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡
6. āđ€āļ›ïœāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđ„āļ”
7. āļĢāļąāļšāļŸïœāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆ
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 51
āļāļĨāļĒāļ—āļ˜ïœŽāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ
52
āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ
ï‚Ļ āļŠāļĄāđˆāđāļēāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ï‚Ļ āļŠāļĄāļēāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­
ï‚Ļ āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļļāļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš
āđˆ āđˆ āđˆ āđ„ï‚Ļ āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāļŠāļ·āļ­āļĨāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļˆāļēāļāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—
ï‚Īāļāļēāļ™āļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ
ï‚ĪāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ„āļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄïœŠāđ„āļ”
ï‚Ļ āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ï‚Ļ āļĢāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™
ï‚Ļ āļ—āđāļēāļïœŠāļ­āļ™āļĄāļĩāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡
āđˆï‚Ļ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Ladder of Inference
53
I take ACTIONS based on
my beliefs
I adopt BELIEFS about the world
I draw CONCLUSIONS
I make ASSUMPTIONS based on
the meanings added
I add MEANINGS (cultural and personal)
I l DATA f h I bI select DATA from what I observe
I OBSERVE data and experiences
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
b d b dEmpower broad-based action
PEOPLEPEOPLE
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn54
5. empowerment
55
āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡ structure
Make it difficult to act
āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļˆāļ§āļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™ïœŽ
 āđ āļī
āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļēāļ‚āļĨāļēāļ”āļāļĨāļąāļ§
supervisors
āļ‚āļēāļ”āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāļ™āļēāļ
Skills underminesāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāđ€āļ™āļ™āļāļēāļĢ
āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡
supervisors
discourage
Actions aimed at
I l ti th
Skills undermines
action
āđāļ•āļĄāļąāļāļ–āļđāļāļ‚āļąāļ”āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āļ”āļ§āļĒImplementing the
New vision
āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ
Systems make it difficult
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
y
To act
5. Empower action
Boss
biggest obstacle to change effortsgg g
Removing the “System” barrierRemoving the System barrier
performance evaluation & reward system – stickiest
problemproblem
Removing other barriers:
Skill – irrational and psychological block
Information – feedback on the action
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 56
G hGenerate short-term wins
LET’S CELEBRATES C
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn57
6. short-term wins
58
ï‚Ļ offer reward for hard-working employees with positive,
l b ildi f db kmorale-building feedback
ï‚Ļ give change leaders concrete data to test and refine
their visions.
Zealous believers will stay the course no matter how long
the change takesg
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
6. Create a short-term wins
ï‚Ļ Provide feedback to change leaders about the validity of
their visions an strategies
ï‚Ļ Give those working hard to achieve a vision a pat on the
back an emotional liftback, an emotional lift
ï‚Ļ Build faith in the effort, attracting those who are not yet
actively helping
ï‚Ļ Take power away from the cynics
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 59
A Cyclical Model of Conflict
60
y
TriggeringBehavior Behavior
Triggering
Event
Triggering
Event
Behavior Behavior
I
Issues Consequences Consequences
Issues
Episode 1 Episode 2
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn61
CALL CENTER
FRONT
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn62
Consolidate gains andConsolidate gains and
produce more change
CREATE MOMENTUM
WAVE AFTER WAVE OF CHANGEWAVE AFTER WAVE OF CHANGE
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn63
7. Broadening the transformation
Create momentum –
64
Create momentum
wave after wave of change
āļˆāļ°āļ—āļēāļŠāļĩāļŦāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļŦāļ™āļ”āļĩ
āļŦāļ™āļ­?
In a successful paint,
the smallest pieces.
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
Institutionalize new approachesInstitutionalize new approaches
in the culture
MAKE THE CHANGE STICK
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn65
Institutionalizing Organizational Changeâ€Ķ
66
Having the CHANGE become
a part of the ongoing everyday activities
of the organizationof the organization.
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
8. Anchoring change in the culture
k h ti k
67
make change stick
Norms
Artifacts change
Values
Basic
Assumptions
@ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn

Change process in Organization Development

  • 1.
    2. OD PROCESS Asso.Prof. Dr. Chiraprapha Tan Akaraborworn
  • 2.
    â€Ē Field Theory– Kurt Lewin â€Ē Where to start making changeWhere to start making change People VS System â€Ē Tao of Change :Push-Pull Theoryao o C a ge us u eo y â€Ē The Heart of Change – John P. Kotter â€Ē Action Research – Cummings & Worleyg y @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn2
  • 3.
    The Transition Curve:A Cycle of CHANGE 3 2 DENIAL Pe 2. DENIAL that change is necessary Retreat/withdrawal. False competence 7. INTEGRATION of new skills and behavior. erceived False competence Blocking 6. SEARCH for meaning Understanding dComp 3. AWARENESS that change is necessary. Understanding own 5 EXPERIMENTATION for meaning. Understanding reasons for success/failure. petence Incompetence. 5. EXPERIMENTATION Testing of new approaches and skills. Try to do things differently. 1. SHOCK Surprise: mismatch b/w expectation and reality 4. ACCEPTANCE of reality, letting go of past, comfortable attitudes. differently. @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn comfortable attitudes.
  • 4.
    Field Theory byKurt Lewin 4 y y 1. Unfreezing āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ™āļŠāļ™āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ™ Psychological 2. Moving āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ 3. Refreezing āđˆ Disconfirmation āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļ™āļīāļ‡?? New â€ĒBehaviors Supporting mechanismsBehaviors â€ĒValues â€ĒAttitudes Supporting mechanisms â€ĒOrg. Culture â€ĒNorms @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn â€ĒPolicies â€ĒStructures
  • 5.
  • 7.
    OD is aprocess of change.OD is a process of change. In The Tao of ChangeNon-Asian view “to change is to maintain BALANCE and “to change is to overcome resistance.” HARMONY.” āļ› āļĩāđˆ āļ› āļ· āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ­āļēāļŠāļ™āļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ„āļ­ āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāđāļĨāļ° āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ­āļēāļŠāļ™āļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ™āđ€āļ‚āļēāļāļąāļ™ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 7 (Marshak, 1997)
  • 8.
    OD: Balance 8 “āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āļ„āļ·āļ­āļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ„āļ­āļ—āļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļ”āļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļš āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ› āļĩāđˆ āļ› â€ Individual āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡â€ (Cook & Hunsaker, 2001) Individual @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn Organization System
  • 9.
    To success inthe OD 9 ï‚Ļ Pay attention to employees’ needs ï‚Ļ Create an organizational system To influence employees to move forward with planned changes. @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 10.
    Team Up 10 ï‚Ļ #of members 5 6 lï‚Ī 5-6 in regular ï‚Ī 7-8 in executive class 15 minutes ï‚Ļ Name your Consulting Team ï‚Ļ Create a logo & motto @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 11.
    Push-Pull Theory 11 Manufacturers andworkplaces can no longer base production on desktop planning alone and then distribute, or push, them t th k t It h b tt f fonto the market. It has become a matter of course for customers, or users, each with a different value system, to stand in the frontline of the marketplace and so to speak,stand in the frontline of the marketplace and so to speak, pull the good they need, in the amount and at the time they need them. (Ono & Ohno, 1988, p. xiv)(Ono & Ohno, 1988, p. xiv) @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 12.
    Push System &Pull People 12 Prepare people for change Manage the systems to allow change to happenhappen āļĩ āļąāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļ„āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļšāļš @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 13.
    Push Theory: PushSystem 13 āđˆï‚Ļ āļ—āđāļēāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄïœŠ ï‚Īāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāļ­āļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđƒāļŦāļĄïœŠï‚Īāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĒāļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāļ­āļĄāļŦāļĢāļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđƒāļŦāļĄ ï‚ĪāđƒāļŦāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™, āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°, āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāļ™āđƒāļŦ āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ„āļ•āļī ï‚Īāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāļāļĨāļĒāļ—āļ˜ïœŽāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°ï‚Īāļˆāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļšāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ, āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ, āđāļĨāļ° āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 14.
    Pull Theory: PullPeople 14 āđ„ āđˆ āđƒ āđƒ āđ„ āđƒ āđˆï‚Ļ āļ—āđāļēāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āļ­āļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļˆāļ›ïœāļˆāđ€āļˆāļāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļ—āļīāļĻāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩ āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ› --Psychological Perspective— @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 15.
    Push-Pull Theory 15 Employee Participation(EP) EP Process āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĢāļ§āļĄ āļĩ āļąāđŠ ? āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĢāļ§āļĄāđƒāļ™ āļą āđƒ ? āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāļĢāļ§āļĄ ïœŠ āđ„āļ› āļĩ āļąāđŠ ?āļ”āļĩāļĄāļąāļĒ? āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđƒāļ”? āļ•āļ­āđ„āļ›āļ”āļĩāļĄāļąāļĒ? Field Theory UNFREEZING MOVING REFREEZINGy āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļ™ āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡ āđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ§ïœŠāļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™ āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļ”āļ‚āļ™āļ§āļēāđ€āļĄāļ­ āļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđāļĨāļ§āļˆāļ°āļŠïœŠāļ§āļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļˆāļ° āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđƒāļŦāļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ§ïœ‹ āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ āđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢ āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āđ„āļ› @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 16.
    Push-Pull Theory inthe Process of EPy E i iï‚Ļ Unfreezing ï‚Ļ Energizing ï‚Ī To motivate and make the individuals/group ï‚Ī Employees need to see the need for/g p ready for change participation and to be satisfied with the ï‚Ī Breaking down of the folkways, customs, and new organization environment and d y , , traditions condition @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 16
  • 17.
    Push-Pull Theory inthe Process of EPy Ch liï‚Ļ Moving ï‚Ļ Channeling ï‚Ī Identification ï‚Ī Why employees choose the degree to ï‚Ī Internalization g which they will be involved in their job @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 17
  • 18.
    Push-Pull Theory inthe Process of EPy M i i iï‚Ļ Refreezing ï‚Ļ Maintaining ï‚Ī It is for an individual engaged in a change ï‚Ī Reinforcement – behavior is shaped byg g g process to be in an environment that p y environmental consequences continually reinforces the desired change @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 18
  • 19.
    āļ›āļĢāļąāļŠāļāļēāđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļžāļ­āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ āļ āļ āļļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļ­āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨ (Endand mean) āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āđāļē (āļ“āļąāļāļāļžāļ‡āļĻ āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ āļąāļāļ”āļĩ 2550: 14)āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļē (āļ“āļāļāļžāļ‡āļĻ āļ—āļ­āļ‡āļ āļāļ”, 2550: 14) āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢ (OD)āļāļēāļĢāļžāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢ (OD) Western :Western : To change is to overcome resistance Eastern : To change is to maintain balance and harmony @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn19 g y The Tao of Change” (Marshak (1997)
  • 20.
    PUSH PULL Hard Stuff â€ĒStructure SoftStuff/People Issue â€ĒOrg. Climate / i f/ iâ€ĒProcess â€ĒSystem â€ĒValue/Belief/Attitude â€ĒBehavior ORGANIZATION THEORY ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR “Shaper” Driver” @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 20 p Chiraprapha Akaraborworn, AHRD Conference in Asia, 2003
  • 21.
    OD : Harmony itht l i twith external environment @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn21
  • 22.
    OD : Harmony ithii ti 22 within organization P f N dPerformance Needs Goals Design Mgt. evel Org. Org. Goals Org. Design Org. Mgt. nceLe Process Process Goals Process Design Process Mgt orma Job/Perfor mance Job Goals Job Design Job Mgt Perf @ Chiraprapha AkarabowornRummler & Brache, 1990
  • 23.
    Organizational Level 23 g Inputs DesignComponents Outputs h l Strategy tion ness Technology ent gy Environment rganizat ffectiven Structure Culture asurem tems Or Ef Mea syst Human Resource Systems @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 24.
    Group Level 24 Inputs DesignComponents Outputs T k St t O i ti Task Structure P f ess Organization Design Performance Norms Compo- sition up ectivene Interpersonal Relations Grou Effe p @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 25.
    Individual Level 25 Inputs DesignComponents Outputs Organization Skill VarietyOrganization Design Skill Variety Task Autonomy ess Group Design P l Identity Autonomy vidual ectivene Personal Characteristics Task Significance Feedback about results Indiv Effe esu ts @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 26.
    General Model ofPlanned Change Planning Evaluating and Institutionalizing Planning and Implementing Ch Diagnosing Entering and C t ti ChangeChangeContracting @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn26
  • 27.
    Action Research Model 27 ProblemIdentification Joint diagnosis Define Problem Joint action planning Consultation with a behavioral scientist Moving p g Data gathering & Action Multi-Methods Data gathering & preliminary diagnosis Action Feedback to Client Data gathering after action @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn Rothwell, Sullivan & McLean (1995)
  • 28.
    Contemporary Approaches toPlanned Change 28 p y pp Choose Positive Subjects Develop a Vision with Broad ParticipationSubjects Broad Participation Collect Positive Stories with Broad Participation Develop Action Plans Participation Examine Data and Evaluate Examine Data and Develop Possibility Propositions @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 29.
    Comparison of Pl dCh M d l ( 24) 29 Planned Change Models (p. 24) ï‚Ļ Similarities ï‚Ī Change preceded by diagnosis or preparationï‚Ī Change preceded by diagnosis or preparation ï‚Ī Apply behavioral science knowledge ï‚Ī Stress involvement of organization membersg ï‚Ī Recognize the role of a consultant ï‚Ļ Differences ï‚Ī General vs. specific activities ï‚Ī Centrality of consultant role ï‚Ī Problem-solving vs. social constructionism @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 30.
    Different Types ofPlanned Change 30 Different Types of Planned Change ï‚Ļ Magnitude of Change I t lï‚Ī Incremental ï‚Ī Quantum ï‚Ļ Degree of Organization ï‚Ī Over-organized ï‚Ī Under-organized ï‚Ļ Domestic vs. International Settings @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn g
  • 31.
    Change Level 31 g ï‚Ļ āđ€āļšāļēāļŠāļļāļ”:āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļāđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢ āļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāđ„āļĄïœŠāļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ„āļīāļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ„āļ•āļīāđƒāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™ ï‚Ļ āļāļĨāļēāļ‡: āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšïœ‹āļēāļ‡ āđāļ•āļāļēāļĢï‚Ļ āļāļĨāļēāļ‡: āļžāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡ āđāļ•āļāļēāļĢ āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄ ï‚Ļ āļĄāļēāļ: āļïœŠāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđāļēāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™ āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ āđāļ•āļ–āļēāļ—āđāļēāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļĄāļąāļāļ™āđāļēāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļĩāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļđ āđāļ‚āļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 32.
    Critique of PlannedChange 32 ï‚Ļ Conceptualization of Planned Change ï‚Ī Change in not linear ï‚Ī Change is not rational ï‚Ī The relationship between change and performance is unclear ï‚Ļ Practice of Planned Change ï‚Ī Limited consulting skills and focusg ï‚Ī Quick fixes vs. development approaches @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 33.
    1. Entering &Contracting 2. Diagnosing Organizations ley 3. Diagnosing groups and jobs 4 C ll ti d l i di ti Wor 4. Collecting and analyzing diagnostic information gs& 5. Feeding back diagnostic information 6 Designing Interventions mming 6. Designing Interventions 7. Leading & Managing Change Cum g g g g 8. Evaluating and Institutionalizing OD I t ti @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 33 Interventions
  • 34.
    8 steps tocreate change 34 1. Establish a sense of urgencyg y 2. Create the guiding coalition – guiding team 3. Develop a vision and strategy (clear, simple, uplifting)p gy p p g 4. Communicate the change vision (through simple, heart felt messages) 5. Empower broad-based action (people) 6. Generate short-term wins 7. Consolidate gains and produce more change (Create momentum – wave after wave of change) I i i li h i h l ( k h i k)8. Institutionalize new approaches in the culture (make change stick) @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 35.
    Establish a senseof URGENCYURGENCY @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn35
  • 36.
  • 37.
    1. A senseof urgency āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™â€Ķāđāļ•: ï‚Ļ āļ‚āļēāļ”āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™ ï‚Ļ āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđāļ•āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ­āļĒāļđāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļē ï‚Ļ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ•āđˆāđāļēāļāļ§ïœŠāļēāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›ï‚Ļ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāđ€āļĢāļˆāļ•āļēāļāļ§āļēāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ—āļ§āđ„āļ› ï‚Ļ āđ€āļ™ïœ‹āļ™āļĒāđ‰āđāļēāđāļ•āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŦāļ™ïœŠāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ—āļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ ï‚Ļ āļ‚āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļ ï‚Ļ āļ›āļāļīāđ€āļŠāļ˜āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢï‚Ļ āļ›āļāđ€āļŠāļ˜āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļēāļĢ ï‚Ļ āļœāļđāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđāļ•āļ āļēāļžāļ”āļēāļ™āļšāļ§āļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 37
  • 38.
    1. A senseof urgency to motivate action: ï‚Ļ āļ•āļ­āļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ āļˆāđāļēāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļˆāļēāđ€āļ›āļ™ see, touch and feel. ï‚Ļ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļˆāļēāļāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđāļēāđƒāļŦāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ ï‚Ļ āļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ āļēāļ„āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ”āļĩāļ• @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 38
  • 39.
    John P. Kotter& D C h 39 Dan Cohen “ Change happens when you make people feel differently.” “you have to appeal more to the heart than the mind” @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 40.
  • 41.
    C h dlCreate the guiding coalition GUIDING TEAMGU NG M @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn41
  • 42.
    2. The guidingcoalition 42 āļŦāļēāđāļ™āļ§āļĢāļ§āļĄ ï‚Ļ Find the right people ï‚Īāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļœāļđāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļđāļ‡ ï‚Īāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāđāļïœŠāļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ ï‚Īāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āļœāļđāļ™āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ ï‚Ļ Trust and common goals āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ„āļ§ïœ‹āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđ„āļ” @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 43.
    2. Build theguiding team(1) “Right people”: ï‚Ļ āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ”āļĩ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļđ āļļ āļ§āļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™ïœŽāđ„āļ” (essential for creating vision) ï‚Ļ āļĩ  āļŠāļ·āđˆ āļ· āļĩ āļ· ïœŠ āđ  āļą āļŠ āđƒ ï‚Ļ āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļēāđ€āļŠāļ­āļ–āļ­,āļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‚āļēāļĒ, āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļēāđāļŦāļ™āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ”āļšāļŠāļđāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ (essential for communicating vision) āđˆ āđˆï‚Ļ āļĢāļđāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ”āļĩ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ‚āļ­āļˆāđāļēāļāļąāļ”āļ•āļēāļ‡āđ†āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢ ï‚Ļ āļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļœāļđāļ™āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 43
  • 44.
    2. Build theguiding team 44 making meetings work â€ĒStick to one topic per meetingp p g â€ĒPut someone credible in charge â€ĒIn charge person has to be a central force in the guiding teama central force in the guiding team @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 45.
    l dDevelop avision and strategy CLEAR – SIMPLE - UPLIFTINGCLEAR – SIMPLE - UPLIFTING @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn45
  • 46.
    3. Creating avision 46 develop a vision and strategy āđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļ” āļ§āļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™ïœŽāļ™āđāļē @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn āđ€āļ›āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļ” āļ§āļŠāļĒāļ—āļĻāļ™āļ™āļē
  • 47.
    3. Creating avision 47 Good vision ï‚Īāļ•āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļžāļžāļˆāļ™ïœŽ ï‚ĪāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ”āļķāļ‡āļ”āļđāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāđ„āļ”āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ ï‚Īāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ›ïœ†āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›ïœ’āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļ”āļŦāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢï‚Īāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ›āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āđ€āļ›āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢ āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™ ïœŠ āļĩāđˆ āļ·āđˆ āļąï‚Īāļ‡ïœŠāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāļˆāļ°āļŠāļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 48.
    3. Get thevision right 4 things help direct action in the right direction 1. Budgets: financial piece of the plan 2. Plans: step by step how to implement a strategy and is a logical, linear process 3. Strategies: shows how to achieve the vision, and requires accurate and up to date info about customers andp competitors 4. Visions: show an end state where all the plans andp strategies will take you @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 48
  • 49.
       āđ„  ?āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļ•āļ­āļ‡āļ‹ïœŠāļ­āļĄāđāļ‹āļĄāļšïœ‹āļēāļ™āļŠïœŠāļ§āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ™āļšïœ‹āļēāļ‡? “āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ•āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļœāļĨāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āļī  āļąāđ‰ āļĩāđˆ āđ āđ āđ‡āļĄāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ™āļ™āļĒāļēāļāļ—āļˆāļ°āļ—āļēāļŠāļēāđ€āļĢāļˆâ€ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn49
  • 50.
    C h hCommunicatethe change vision THROUGH SIMPLETHROUGH SIMPLE HEART FELT MESSAGES @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn50
  • 51.
    4. Communicating thevision 7 principles of good communication 1. āļ‡ïœŠāļēāļĒāđāļ•āđ‚āļ”āļ™āđƒāļˆ āđƒāļŠïœ‹āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ›āļĄāļēāļ­āļ›āļĄāļąāļĒāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™2. āđƒāļŠāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļļāļ›āļĄāļēāļ­āļļāļ›āļĄāļĒāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĒāļšāđƒāļŦāđ€āļŦāļ™ 3. āđƒāļŠïœ‹āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ†āļŠïœŠāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ 4. āļĒāđ‰āđāļēāđāļĨāļ§āļĒāđ‰āđāļēāļ­āļĩāļ āđ āļ›ïœ’ āļą ïœŠ5. āļ—āļēāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ›āļ™āļ•āļ§āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡ 6. āđ€āļ›ïœāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđ„āļ” 7. āļĢāļąāļšāļŸïœāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 51
  • 52.
    āļāļĨāļĒāļ—āļ˜ïœŽāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ 52 āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ ï‚Ļ āļŠāļĄāđˆāđāļēāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ï‚Ļ āļŠāļĄāļēāđ€āļŠāļĄāļ­ ï‚Ļāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļļāļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš āđˆ āđˆ āđˆ āđ„ï‚Ļ āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāļŠāļ·āļ­āļĨāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļˆāļēāļāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— ï‚Īāļāļēāļ™āļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ ï‚ĪāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ„āļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄïœŠāđ„āļ” ï‚Ļ āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ï‚Ļ āļĢāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™ ï‚Ļ āļ—āđāļēāļïœŠāļ­āļ™āļĄāļĩāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āđˆï‚Ļ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 53.
    Ladder of Inference 53 Itake ACTIONS based on my beliefs I adopt BELIEFS about the world I draw CONCLUSIONS I make ASSUMPTIONS based on the meanings added I add MEANINGS (cultural and personal) I l DATA f h I bI select DATA from what I observe I OBSERVE data and experiences @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
  • 54.
    b d bdEmpower broad-based action PEOPLEPEOPLE @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn54
  • 55.
    5. empowerment 55 āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļēāļ‡ structure Makeit difficult to act āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļˆāļ§āļīāļŠāļąāļĒāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™ïœŽ  āđ āļī āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™ïœ‹āļēāļ‚āļĨāļēāļ”āļāļĨāļąāļ§ supervisors āļ‚āļēāļ”āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāļ™āļēāļ Skills underminesāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāđ€āļ™āļ™āļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡ supervisors discourage Actions aimed at I l ti th Skills undermines action āđāļ•āļĄāļąāļāļ–āļđāļāļ‚āļąāļ”āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āļ”āļ§āļĒImplementing the New vision āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ Systems make it difficult @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn y To act
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    5. Empower action Boss biggestobstacle to change effortsgg g Removing the “System” barrierRemoving the System barrier performance evaluation & reward system – stickiest problemproblem Removing other barriers: Skill – irrational and psychological block Information – feedback on the action @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 56
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    G hGenerate short-termwins LET’S CELEBRATES C @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn57
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    6. short-term wins 58 ï‚Ļoffer reward for hard-working employees with positive, l b ildi f db kmorale-building feedback ï‚Ļ give change leaders concrete data to test and refine their visions. Zealous believers will stay the course no matter how long the change takesg @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
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    6. Create ashort-term wins ï‚Ļ Provide feedback to change leaders about the validity of their visions an strategies ï‚Ļ Give those working hard to achieve a vision a pat on the back an emotional liftback, an emotional lift ï‚Ļ Build faith in the effort, attracting those who are not yet actively helping ï‚Ļ Take power away from the cynics @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn 59
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    A Cyclical Modelof Conflict 60 y TriggeringBehavior Behavior Triggering Event Triggering Event Behavior Behavior I Issues Consequences Consequences Issues Episode 1 Episode 2 @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
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    Consolidate gains andConsolidategains and produce more change CREATE MOMENTUM WAVE AFTER WAVE OF CHANGEWAVE AFTER WAVE OF CHANGE @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn63
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    7. Broadening thetransformation Create momentum – 64 Create momentum wave after wave of change āļˆāļ°āļ—āļēāļŠāļĩāļŦāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļŦāļ™āļ”āļĩ āļŦāļ™āļ­? In a successful paint, the smallest pieces. @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
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    Institutionalize new approachesInstitutionalizenew approaches in the culture MAKE THE CHANGE STICK @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn65
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    Institutionalizing Organizational Changeâ€Ķ 66 Havingthe CHANGE become a part of the ongoing everyday activities of the organizationof the organization. @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn
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    8. Anchoring changein the culture k h ti k 67 make change stick Norms Artifacts change Values Basic Assumptions @ Chiraprapha Akaraboworn