The Cochrane Collaboration Colloquium: Challenges and opportunities in international evidence-based guideline developments
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This document discusses challenges and opportunities in international evidence-based guideline development. It describes differences in recommendations between various hypertension guidelines. It also discusses WHO's strategy for implementing guidelines, including advocacy, dissemination, training and evaluation. Further, it addresses gaps in evidence and treatments for neglected diseases and conditions like African trypanosomiasis. Developing comprehensive guidelines on opioid dependence and rapid guidelines for avian influenza are also covered. Challenges include a lack of relevant evidence from developing world settings and on important outcomes like harms.
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Essential medicine list
The document defines essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population at all times. It discusses how a limited essential medicines list leads to better health care, drug management, and lower costs. Essential medicines should be available at all times in adequate amounts and strengths, appropriate dosage forms, and assured quality at an affordable price. They are selected based on disease prevalence, evidence on efficacy and safety, and cost-effectiveness. The purpose of an essential medicines list is to make life-saving treatments universally accessible.
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The document discusses the concept of essential medicines and rational use of drugs. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the priority health care needs of the population. The WHO publishes a Model List of Essential Medicines every two years to guide countries in developing their own national lists. Educational, managerial, economic and regulatory strategies can be used to promote rational drug use and selection of cost-effective treatments. Pharmacists can play a role through drug selection, inventory control, patient education, and pharmaceutical care.
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This document discusses rational use of medicines and essential medicine lists. It defines essential medicines as those that satisfy priority healthcare needs of a population. Essential medicine lists like WHO's are created to guide availability and affordability of effective, safe medicines. Irrational medicine use can harm patients and increase costs through ineffective treatment, adverse events and drug resistance. Causes include lack of information, promotional activities and defective supply systems. The document promotes the "P-drug concept" as a rational approach - choosing effective personal drugs for conditions through a six step process considering diagnosis and therapeutic objectives.
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EML :Satisfy the priority healthcare needs of majority of the population.
WHO EML was recognised as important guiding document mainly for the public sector for the procurement, distribution, rational use and quality assurance of medicines.
The list is made with consideration to disease prevalence, efficacy, safety and comparative cost-effectiveness of the medicines.
Careful selection of a limited range of essential medicines results in a higher quality of care, better management of medicines and more cost-effective use of health resources.
Not considered on Sales turnover on the basis of volume.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy(NPPP)2012, DPCO
Who essential medicine concept
The document discusses the WHO concept of essential medicines, which aims to improve healthcare by selecting a limited range of carefully chosen medicines that satisfy the priority health needs of populations. The essential medicines list seeks to promote availability and affordability of quality medicines. It has led to better health outcomes, management of medicines, and lower costs. The list is revised every two years based on disease prevalence, treatment needs, and other factors to include around 350 drugs across core and complementary lists.
Essential drug for B. Sc. Nursing 1st year students of BPKIHS
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This document provides guidelines for physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical auxiliaries on essential drugs. It includes an introduction by the Director of the World Health Organization's Essential Drugs and Other Medicines department, as well as sections on the editorial committee, contributors, preface, foreword, and use of the guide.National List of Essential Medicines 2016
Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the priority health care needs of the
population. WHO published the first essential medicine list in 1977 and has been updating it
every two years since. Nepal being a signatory of the Alma Ata declaration (1978) implemented the essential medicine
program with a first ever National List of Essential Medicines, NLEM in 1986. Since then NLEM revised five times (1992, 1997, 2002, 2011 and 2016) with the support from
WHO Nepal
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The document discusses the history and development of essential medicines. It outlines key events like the growth of new drugs post-WWII, the thalidomide tragedy of 1960, and the 1978 Alma-Ata declaration which established primary health care and inclusion of essential drugs. The WHO defines essential medicines as those that satisfy the majority of a population's health needs. Selection criteria include disease patterns, treatment facilities, and financial resources. National drug policies aim to ensure appropriate access to and use of essential medicines.
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Essential medicine list
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This document discusses rational use of medicines and essential medicine lists. It defines essential medicines as those that satisfy priority healthcare needs of a population. Essential medicine lists like WHO's are created to guide availability and affordability of effective, safe medicines. Irrational medicine use can harm patients and increase costs through ineffective treatment, adverse events and drug resistance. Causes include lack of information, promotional activities and defective supply systems. The document promotes the "P-drug concept" as a rational approach - choosing effective personal drugs for conditions through a six step process considering diagnosis and therapeutic objectives.
National List of Essential Medicines & Rational Drug Use
EML :Satisfy the priority healthcare needs of majority of the population.
WHO EML was recognised as important guiding document mainly for the public sector for the procurement, distribution, rational use and quality assurance of medicines.
The list is made with consideration to disease prevalence, efficacy, safety and comparative cost-effectiveness of the medicines.
Careful selection of a limited range of essential medicines results in a higher quality of care, better management of medicines and more cost-effective use of health resources.
Not considered on Sales turnover on the basis of volume.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy(NPPP)2012, DPCO
Who essential medicine concept
The document discusses the WHO concept of essential medicines, which aims to improve healthcare by selecting a limited range of carefully chosen medicines that satisfy the priority health needs of populations. The essential medicines list seeks to promote availability and affordability of quality medicines. It has led to better health outcomes, management of medicines, and lower costs. The list is revised every two years based on disease prevalence, treatment needs, and other factors to include around 350 drugs across core and complementary lists.
Essential drug for B. Sc. Nursing 1st year students of BPKIHS
Essential drug for B. Sc. Nursing 1st year students of BPKIHSBP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HELATH SCIENCS,, NEPAL
This document provides guidelines for physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical auxiliaries on essential drugs. It includes an introduction by the Director of the World Health Organization's Essential Drugs and Other Medicines department, as well as sections on the editorial committee, contributors, preface, foreword, and use of the guide.National List of Essential Medicines 2016
Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the priority health care needs of the
population. WHO published the first essential medicine list in 1977 and has been updating it
every two years since. Nepal being a signatory of the Alma Ata declaration (1978) implemented the essential medicine
program with a first ever National List of Essential Medicines, NLEM in 1986. Since then NLEM revised five times (1992, 1997, 2002, 2011 and 2016) with the support from
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This document discusses essential medicines and rational drug use. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the priority health care needs of the population based on efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The WHO publishes a model list of essential medicines that is divided into core and complementary items. Rational drug use means using the appropriate medicine at the right dose for the correct duration. Promoting rational use involves training, continuing education, and formulary guidance. Irrational use increases costs and harms patients.
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This document discusses the essential medicine concept and rational use of medicines. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the health needs of a population based on effectiveness, safety, and cost. Essential medicine lists include generic drug names, dosage forms, strengths, and indications. Irrational medicine use can lead to ineffective or unsafe treatment, increased costs and resistance. Rational use means using medicines appropriately for each patient's needs in terms of drug choice, dosage, duration, and cost. The document outlines various educational, managerial, regulatory and economic strategies to promote rational medicine use.
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- An essential medicine list includes drugs selected based on public health relevance, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. It should be available at all times in adequate amounts and appropriate dosage forms with assured quality.
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The document discusses the concept of essential medicines and rational use of medicines. It defines essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority healthcare needs of the population based on criteria such as public health relevance, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. Rational use requires patients receive appropriate medications for an adequate time at lowest cost. Irrational use can lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, increased morbidity and mortality, and unnecessary costs. Strategies to promote rational use include education and training of healthcare providers, use of treatment guidelines, and ensuring availability of essential medicines.
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Concept of essential medicines and rational use of medicines
This document discusses essential medicines and rational drug use. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the priority health care needs of the population based on efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The WHO publishes a model list of essential medicines that is divided into core and complementary items. Rational drug use means using the appropriate medicine at the right dose for the correct duration. Promoting rational use involves training, continuing education, and formulary guidance. Irrational use increases costs and harms patients.
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This document discusses essential medicines and the concept of "P drugs". It defines essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority health care needs of most populations. The World Health Organization publishes an Essential Medicines List every two years that includes efficacious, safe, and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions. National governments also publish their own lists. Medicines are categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the level of health care needed. Choosing a "P drug" involves defining the diagnosis, treatment objective, listing effective drug groups, and selecting the most effective, suitable, safe, and affordable drug within the chosen group for treating a condition.
Rational Drug use - Group 5 presentation 2.0 bello edit
The slide is about rational use of drugs, what influences it, factors and reasons, strategies to improve them, and choosing an intervention (WHO priorities).
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The document summarizes the concept, criteria for selection, benefits, and application of essential medicines in Nepal. Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health needs of the population and are intended to be available at all times in adequate amounts and appropriate forms at a price people can afford. Nepal first implemented a national list of essential medicines in 1986 based on WHO guidelines. The list is revised every few years to ensure availability of effective, safe, and affordable medicines aligned with treatment guidelines.
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Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
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- The document discusses the essential medicine concept and rational use of medicines.
- An essential medicine list includes drugs selected based on public health relevance, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. It should be available at all times in adequate amounts and appropriate dosage forms with assured quality.
- Rational use means patients receive appropriate medicines for their needs in effective doses for an adequate time at the lowest cost. Irrational use can lead to ineffective or unsafe treatment, increased illness and costs.
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The document outlines several strategies used by the ministry of health to provide drug information. These include using printed materials like formulary manuals, encouraging drug therapeutic committees, providing pharmacology education to health professionals, strengthening national drug policies, using essential medicine lists, creating non-governmental organizations for drug information, encouraging use of mass media, and providing seminars to health workers. The overall goal is to ensure the rational and effective use of drugs in the country.
Essential medicine
The document discusses the Indian Pharmacopoeia, essential medicines, and rational use of drugs. It provides background on the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission which sets standards for drugs manufactured and used in India. The World Health Organization's concept of essential medicines is explained as those that satisfy priority health needs and are selected based on efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. Rational use of drugs is defined as patients receiving appropriate medications based on their needs at the lowest cost. Key interventions to promote rational drug use include clinical guidelines, essential medicines lists, education and avoidance of perverse incentives.
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines and rational use of medicines. It defines essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority healthcare needs of the population based on criteria such as public health relevance, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. Rational use requires patients receive appropriate medications for an adequate time at lowest cost. Irrational use can lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, increased morbidity and mortality, and unnecessary costs. Strategies to promote rational use include education and training of healthcare providers, use of treatment guidelines, and ensuring availability of essential medicines.
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This document discusses promoting rational drug use in India under the National Rural Health Mission. It begins by outlining the objectives and defining the problem of irrational drug use in India. Some key points made include that India accounts for 22% of the global disease burden but only produces 2% of global drugs. It then discusses the reasons for irrational drug use, including factors related to patients, prescribers, drug regulation, and the drug supply system. Strategies presented to promote rational drug use include ensuring availability of essential drugs, access and affordability, and rational prescriptions. The challenges of implementation are also acknowledged.
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The document discusses rational use of drugs and strategies to promote rational use. Rational use means using the right drug, for the right indication, at the right dose and duration, for the right patient. Irrational use can lead to ineffective treatment, adverse drug events, increased resistance, and costs. Common causes of irrational use include lack of information, diagnostic uncertainty, patient demands, and promotional activities. Strategies to promote rational use include educational programs for providers, printed materials, media campaigns, essential drug lists, structured order forms, generic substitution, and regulating promotions. Rational prescribing involves defining the problem, setting objectives, selecting strategies, writing prescriptions, and monitoring treatment.
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This document discusses rational drug use and the role of pharmacists in promoting it. It defines rational drug use as using the appropriate drug, dose, and dosage form for the right patient at low cost. Irrational drug use can occur through incorrect diagnosis, prescription, or dispensing. Some common types of irrational prescription and dispensing are identified. Obstacles to rational drug use include financial incentives for over-prescribing and easy drug availability. Measures like education, regulation, and management can help promote rational use. Pharmacists can play a role by selecting essential drugs, maintaining good inventory, and advising patients.
Rational use of medicine
Rational use of medicine aims to ensure patients receive appropriate medications based on their needs. Irrational use can occur when there is polypharmacy, unnecessary or incorrect medications, underuse of effective medicines, or unsafe drug use. This presentation identifies factors contributing to irrational use at the international, national, health systems, prescriber, dispensing, and patient levels. These include issues like drug promotion, regulations, infrastructure, education and adherence. Strategies to improve rational use involve educational programs for prescribers and patients, management techniques, economic approaches, and regulatory policies like essential drug lists and multi-disciplinary oversight bodies.
Concept of essential medicines lhr 02 24-06
This document discusses the concept of essential drugs and medicines. It begins by outlining the global access to medicines crisis, with communicable diseases killing over 25% of people globally each year, disproportionately impacting developing countries. The concept of essential drugs originated in 1975 to help address this crisis by identifying a set of minimum medicine needs. The World Health Organization (WHO) first published a Model List of Essential Medicines in 1977. National governments then began developing their own National Essential Medicines Lists based on the WHO model. Over time, the process of defining essential medicines has become more evidence-based. Essential medicines lists are useful tools for policymaking, procurement, rational prescribing, and more to help provide cost-effective treatment
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Concept of essential medicines and rational use of medicines
Concept of essential medicines and rational use of medicines
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) 19th edition
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) 19th edition
Rational Drug use - Group 5 presentation 2.0 bello edit
Rational Drug use - Group 5 presentation 2.0 bello edit
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
WHO Essential Medicine List, India's National List of Essential Med & Rationa...
WHO Essential Medicine List, India's National List of Essential Med & Rationa...
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicines
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- 2. Challenges and opportunities in international evidence based guideline development Suzanne Hill October 2006
- 10. The Essential Medicines Target S S All the drugs in the world Registered medicines National list of essential medicines Levels of use Supplementary specialist medicines CHW dispensary Health center Hospital Referral hospital Private sector
- 11. Global application Countries with an official selective list for training, supply, reimbursement or related health objectives. Some countries have selective state/provincial lists instead of or in addition to national lists.
- 14. And the gaps…
- 15. Treatment of African trypanosomiasis and visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Pentamidine powder for injection 2nd line therapy for late stage African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Eflornithine injection Treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Suramin sodium powder for injection Treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Melarsoprol injection Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Potassium iodide saturated solution Treatment of multi-drug resistant TB Ethionamide tablet Second line treatment of multi-drug resistant TB Cycloserine capsule or tablet Treatment of leprosy as part of combination therapy, (paucibacilliary and multibacilliary). Dapsone tablet Treatment of multibacilliary leprosy Clofazamine capsule Treatment of infections with susceptible organisms including: methicillin-resistant staphylococcal pneumonia, staphylococcal meningitis, endocarditis treatment and prophylaxis. Vancomycin powder for injection Treatment of fascioliasis and paragonimiasis. Triclabendazole tablet Treatment of tapeworm Niclosamide chewable tablet Used as a supplement to standard treatment for P vivax and ovale to eradicate dormant parasites from the liver and prevent relapses. Primaquine tablet
- 24. Defined clinical questions - scope Are there systematic reviews/ HTAs available? Commission evidence profile and summaries Convene guideline panel Define critical outcomes for decision making Consumers input Draft guideline – secretariat, standard format PANEL MEETING Guideline finalised, peer reviewed USE-BY DATE, plan for updat e 3 MONTHS Commission systematic reviews
- 26. Recommendations
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