This chapter introduces information security concepts and careers. It describes the challenges of securing information due to varied attacks and sophisticated attackers. The document defines information security as protecting information confidentiality, integrity and availability using technical and procedural controls. It outlines common attack steps and fundamental security principles for layered defenses, including limiting access, diversity, obscurity and simplicity. Finally, it introduces information security careers and how the CompTIA Security+ certification demonstrates technical competency.
This document provides an introduction to information security concepts. It defines key terms like assets, threats, and vulnerabilities. It describes the importance of information security in preventing data theft, identity theft, and legal consequences. Common attackers are discussed, including hackers, cybercriminals, and insiders. The basic steps of an attack are outlined. Fundamental security principles like layering, limiting access, diversity, and simplicity are presented. Information security professionals and certifications like Security+ are also introduced.
What's New In CompTIA Security+ - Course Technology Computing ConferenceCengage Learning
What's New In CompTIA Security+ - Course Technology Computing Conference
Presenter: Mark Ciampa, Western Kentucky University
The new CompTIA Security+ exam (SY0-401) is projected to be rolled out in the late spring of 2014. This exam will have several significant changes from the previous exam. These include an expanded emphasis on topics such as securing mobile devices, cloud computing, cryptography, and threats and vulnerabilities. In addition, CompTIA is continuing to use performance-based questions on Security+ exams, requiring test-takers to configure firewall access control lists, match ports with services, and analyze log files. What exactly will the new Security+ exam cover? How will the updated Cengage Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals 5th Edition address these changes? And what are the best ways to help students be prepared for the new Security+ exam with its performance-based questions? This session will look at what's new in CompTIA Security+ and how we can teach security to our students.
The document provides an overview of presentations for chapters in a security guidebook. It states that the presentations cover the chapter objectives and list all objectives at the beginning. The presentations can be customized for class needs and include some figures from the chapters. It then provides an excerpt from Chapter 1 which discusses the challenges of securing information, defines key security concepts, and identifies common types of attackers and basic steps of an attack. It also outlines the five principles of defense: layering, limiting access, diversity, obscurity, and simplicity.
The document describes various types of wireless network attacks and solutions for securing wireless networks. It discusses Bluetooth, NFC, and wireless LAN attacks such as bluejacking, bluesnarfing, rogue access points, and evil twins. It also covers vulnerabilities in early IEEE 802.11 security standards like WEP. Finally, it summarizes later standards that improved security such as WPA, WPA2, and AES encryption.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
This document provides an introduction to hacker culture and methodology. It discusses the different types of hackers, including their motives and levels of knowledge. It outlines the basic phases of a hacker's methodology, including information gathering, scanning, gaining access, privilege escalation, exploiting vulnerabilities, and installing backdoors. The document also summarizes two cyberwar stories, GhostNet and its targeting of computers in 103 countries, including the office of the Dalai Lama, and China's denial of involvement in the espionage ring. In conclusion, it stresses understanding hackers and their techniques in order to better defend against attacks.
The document discusses business continuity which refers to an organization's ability to maintain operations after a disruptive event. It covers disaster recovery plans which focus on restoring IT functions in the event of a major incident. The document also discusses various ways to achieve redundancy and fault tolerance in networks, servers, storage, and sites to ensure business continuity in the event of failures or disasters.
This document discusses malware and social engineering attacks. It defines malware and lists common types, including viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, and ransomware. It describes how malware can spread, hide, and carry out harmful payloads like collecting sensitive data, deleting files, modifying security settings, and launching attacks. The document also outlines psychological and physical social engineering techniques used to trick users into revealing confidential information.
This document provides an introduction to information security concepts. It defines key terms like assets, threats, and vulnerabilities. It describes the importance of information security in preventing data theft, identity theft, and legal consequences. Common attackers are discussed, including hackers, cybercriminals, and insiders. The basic steps of an attack are outlined. Fundamental security principles like layering, limiting access, diversity, and simplicity are presented. Information security professionals and certifications like Security+ are also introduced.
What's New In CompTIA Security+ - Course Technology Computing ConferenceCengage Learning
What's New In CompTIA Security+ - Course Technology Computing Conference
Presenter: Mark Ciampa, Western Kentucky University
The new CompTIA Security+ exam (SY0-401) is projected to be rolled out in the late spring of 2014. This exam will have several significant changes from the previous exam. These include an expanded emphasis on topics such as securing mobile devices, cloud computing, cryptography, and threats and vulnerabilities. In addition, CompTIA is continuing to use performance-based questions on Security+ exams, requiring test-takers to configure firewall access control lists, match ports with services, and analyze log files. What exactly will the new Security+ exam cover? How will the updated Cengage Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals 5th Edition address these changes? And what are the best ways to help students be prepared for the new Security+ exam with its performance-based questions? This session will look at what's new in CompTIA Security+ and how we can teach security to our students.
The document provides an overview of presentations for chapters in a security guidebook. It states that the presentations cover the chapter objectives and list all objectives at the beginning. The presentations can be customized for class needs and include some figures from the chapters. It then provides an excerpt from Chapter 1 which discusses the challenges of securing information, defines key security concepts, and identifies common types of attackers and basic steps of an attack. It also outlines the five principles of defense: layering, limiting access, diversity, obscurity, and simplicity.
The document describes various types of wireless network attacks and solutions for securing wireless networks. It discusses Bluetooth, NFC, and wireless LAN attacks such as bluejacking, bluesnarfing, rogue access points, and evil twins. It also covers vulnerabilities in early IEEE 802.11 security standards like WEP. Finally, it summarizes later standards that improved security such as WPA, WPA2, and AES encryption.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
This document provides an introduction to hacker culture and methodology. It discusses the different types of hackers, including their motives and levels of knowledge. It outlines the basic phases of a hacker's methodology, including information gathering, scanning, gaining access, privilege escalation, exploiting vulnerabilities, and installing backdoors. The document also summarizes two cyberwar stories, GhostNet and its targeting of computers in 103 countries, including the office of the Dalai Lama, and China's denial of involvement in the espionage ring. In conclusion, it stresses understanding hackers and their techniques in order to better defend against attacks.
The document discusses business continuity which refers to an organization's ability to maintain operations after a disruptive event. It covers disaster recovery plans which focus on restoring IT functions in the event of a major incident. The document also discusses various ways to achieve redundancy and fault tolerance in networks, servers, storage, and sites to ensure business continuity in the event of failures or disasters.
This document discusses malware and social engineering attacks. It defines malware and lists common types, including viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, and ransomware. It describes how malware can spread, hide, and carry out harmful payloads like collecting sensitive data, deleting files, modifying security settings, and launching attacks. The document also outlines psychological and physical social engineering techniques used to trick users into revealing confidential information.
The document discusses securing hosts, applications, and data. It describes securing the host by protecting physical devices, securing the operating system software, and using antimalware software. Securing the operating system involves developing security policies, baselining the OS configuration, configuring security settings, deploying security settings using tools like group policy, and implementing patch management. Antimalware software like antivirus, antispam, and firewall programs provide additional security for the host.
The document discusses several key concepts in information security including the goals of security like prevention, detection and recovery. It covers threats, vulnerabilities, attacks and different types of controls. It also explains authentication methods like passwords, tokens, biometrics and multifactor authentication. Finally, it summarizes cryptography fundamentals including encryption, ciphers, hashing and symmetric/asymmetric encryption algorithms.
The document discusses vulnerability assessment and tools used in the assessment process. It defines vulnerability assessment as a systematic evaluation of asset exposure to threats, and describes the key aspects of identification, threat evaluation, vulnerability appraisal, risk assessment, and risk mitigation. It then outlines various tools that can be used in assessment, including port scanners, protocol analyzers, vulnerability scanners, and software development assessment techniques.
This document summarizes authentication methods and password security based on a chapter from the CompTIA Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals. It describes different types of authentication credentials including what users know (passwords), have (tokens, cards, phones), are (biometrics), and do (behavioral patterns). It outlines vulnerabilities in passwords, common attacks, and defenses including complexity, hashing, and salts. Multi-factor authentication using multiple credential types provides stronger security than single-factor passwords alone.
This document discusses access control fundamentals, including definitions of access control, authentication, authorization, and the four main access control models: discretionary access control, mandatory access control, role-based access control, and rule-based access control. It also covers best practices for access control such as separation of duties, job rotation, least privilege, and mandatory vacations. Technologies for implementing access control like access control lists, group policy, and account restrictions are also examined.
The document discusses administering a secure network by discussing common network protocols like TCP/IP, IP, TCP, ICMP, SNMP, DNS, FTP and IPv6. It also discusses network administration principles like monitoring logs, network design with concepts like network separation, VLANs, loop protection. It covers port security topics like disabling unused ports, MAC limiting and 802.1x authentication. The overall goal of the document is to provide guidance on securing networks by configuring devices, monitoring activities and implementing proper network designs.
This document summarizes key points from a chapter about administering a secure network. It discusses common network protocols like TCP/IP, IP, TCP and how they establish communication. It also covers network administration principles for securing devices, monitoring logs, designing networks, and implementing port security. The goal is to provide rules and procedures for securely managing a network and its components.
This document discusses cybersecurity and information technology. It is supported by a National Science Foundation grant. It covers topics such as the definition of information technology, information security, security roles and responsibilities, developing security policies and training programs, and effective cybersecurity practices. The goal is to educate about cybersecurity fundamentals and the importance of security awareness training.
This document discusses firewalls and VPNs. It covers firewall types like application layer firewalls and hybrid firewalls. Firewall processing modes include packet filtering, proxy services, and circuit gateways. Common firewall architectures are packet filtering routers, dual homed firewalls, screened host firewalls, and screened subnet firewalls with a DMZ. The document also discusses selecting, configuring, and managing firewalls as well as content filters and protecting remote connections with VPNs.
This document provides an overview of network security. It discusses key topics like vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and vulnerability analysis. Various types of attacks are explained such as reconnaissance attacks, access attacks, denial of service attacks, and worms/viruses. The document also covers network security models and how to analyze vulnerabilities through network security policies. It aims to educate about securing networks from threats.
Our bad neighbor makes us early stirrers,
Which is both healthful and good husbandry.
-- William Shakespeare (1564–1616), King Henry, in Henry V, act 4, sc. 1, l. 6-7.
The document provides information about Leo Lourdes and his foundation in cyber security. Leo Lourdes has extensive training and certifications in IT management, project management, information security and service management. The objective of his cyber security foundation is to prevent harm to computer networks, applications, devices and data. The training covers topics such as the CIA triad, security governance, risk management and cyber threats.
Technical hardware and software failures can compromise security if they are not addressed properly. Hardware failures may be due to known or unknown flaws and can cause unreliable service. Software bugs are also common given the large amount of code written. Common software failures include buffer overflows, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting. Secure software development processes like the Software Assurance Common Body of Knowledge can help address these issues and lead to more secure applications.
The document discusses various types of wireless network attacks including Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) attacks. It also covers vulnerabilities in IEEE 802.11 wireless security standards and the evolution of wireless networking standards over time with increasing speeds and capabilities. Common attacks described are bluejacking, bluesnarfing, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle, and unauthorized access of wireless networks or tagged devices. The document emphasizes the importance of securing wireless networks and devices to prevent such attacks and data theft.
This presentation covers the challenges and potential risks each device connected to a corporate network creates. It provides some of the recommended security approaches an organisation should comply with and the processes they should follow.
The document discusses various threats to information security that organizations must be aware of and protect against. It describes threats such as malware infections, system penetrations by outsiders, software piracy breaching intellectual property, internet service disruptions, power outages, espionage, hacking, human error, social engineering, information extortion, and sabotage/vandalism. The threats can originate from hackers, employees, forces of nature, errors, or other sources; and they pose risks to an organization's data, systems, services, and reputation. An effective information security program requires awareness of the threats and implementing appropriate controls and response plans.
This document discusses cryptography tools and protocols for secure communications. It describes public-key infrastructure (PKI) which uses public-key cryptosystems to authenticate users and protect information. Digital signatures and certificates are also covered. The document then outlines various protocols used to secure internet communications, email, wireless networks, and TCP/IP connections, including SSL, S/MIME, PGP, WEP, WPA, and IPSec.
With more than 50,000 new malware created every day organisations can no longer afford to risk the financial and reputational impacts of a security or data breach, which can be too much for a business to recover from. Because of this, IT managers face increasing scrutiny and pressure from CEOs, managing directors and boards to prove that they are keeping the organisation secure.
The changing threat landscape means organisations need to be vigilant and smarter about security. While businesses still face threats from infected devices and malware, attackers have also moved beyond that. For example, there is an increasing number of targeted email attacks with cyber criminals spending time to monitor communications so they can imitate emails that are so sophisticated that even relatively savvy users will open them.
This webinar will explore the building blocks required to ensure you have the roadmap required to best protection against cyber attacks. We will provide you with a high level view of the following topics:
· Audit and discovery – What are your weaknesses and are you compliant?
· Education – Do your employees know when not to open that attachment?
· Policy – Do you have the right policies for your industry?
· Technology – Where to start and what has changed?
This document discusses physical security considerations for protecting computing facilities and information assets. It covers key physical access controls like walls, fences, locks, ID badges, alarms and electronic monitoring. Critical environment factors are also addressed, such as fire safety and ensuring proper temperature, humidity and power. The roles of general management, IT and information security professionals in implementing physical security measures are defined. Maintaining secure computer rooms and wiring closets is emphasized, as logical access controls can be easily defeated without strong accompanying physical security.
The document provides an overview of web security. It discusses the internet and the World Wide Web, vulnerabilities and threats to web applications like phishing and SQL injection, as well as countermeasures. It also outlines a generic security model covering security policies, host security, network security, organizational security, and legal security. Finally, it examines the components of web application architecture like user interface elements, structural components involving web browsers, application servers, and database servers.
This document provides an overview of cryptography and different cryptographic algorithms. It defines cryptography as scrambling information so it cannot be read by unauthorized individuals. There are three main types of cryptographic algorithms: hash algorithms that create a unique digital fingerprint of data, symmetric algorithms that use the same key to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric algorithms that use two related keys (a public and private key). Common symmetric algorithms include AES and DES, while asymmetric algorithms solve the key distribution problem of symmetric cryptography.
This document summarizes key aspects of digital certificates and public key infrastructure (PKI) as discussed in Chapter 6 of the CompTIA Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals. It defines digital certificates and their purpose in establishing trust. It describes the components of PKI including certificate authorities, registration authorities, and certificate repositories. It also outlines different types of digital certificates and standards related to PKI.
The document discusses securing hosts, applications, and data. It describes securing the host by protecting physical devices, securing the operating system software, and using antimalware software. Securing the operating system involves developing security policies, baselining the OS configuration, configuring security settings, deploying security settings using tools like group policy, and implementing patch management. Antimalware software like antivirus, antispam, and firewall programs provide additional security for the host.
The document discusses several key concepts in information security including the goals of security like prevention, detection and recovery. It covers threats, vulnerabilities, attacks and different types of controls. It also explains authentication methods like passwords, tokens, biometrics and multifactor authentication. Finally, it summarizes cryptography fundamentals including encryption, ciphers, hashing and symmetric/asymmetric encryption algorithms.
The document discusses vulnerability assessment and tools used in the assessment process. It defines vulnerability assessment as a systematic evaluation of asset exposure to threats, and describes the key aspects of identification, threat evaluation, vulnerability appraisal, risk assessment, and risk mitigation. It then outlines various tools that can be used in assessment, including port scanners, protocol analyzers, vulnerability scanners, and software development assessment techniques.
This document summarizes authentication methods and password security based on a chapter from the CompTIA Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals. It describes different types of authentication credentials including what users know (passwords), have (tokens, cards, phones), are (biometrics), and do (behavioral patterns). It outlines vulnerabilities in passwords, common attacks, and defenses including complexity, hashing, and salts. Multi-factor authentication using multiple credential types provides stronger security than single-factor passwords alone.
This document discusses access control fundamentals, including definitions of access control, authentication, authorization, and the four main access control models: discretionary access control, mandatory access control, role-based access control, and rule-based access control. It also covers best practices for access control such as separation of duties, job rotation, least privilege, and mandatory vacations. Technologies for implementing access control like access control lists, group policy, and account restrictions are also examined.
The document discusses administering a secure network by discussing common network protocols like TCP/IP, IP, TCP, ICMP, SNMP, DNS, FTP and IPv6. It also discusses network administration principles like monitoring logs, network design with concepts like network separation, VLANs, loop protection. It covers port security topics like disabling unused ports, MAC limiting and 802.1x authentication. The overall goal of the document is to provide guidance on securing networks by configuring devices, monitoring activities and implementing proper network designs.
This document summarizes key points from a chapter about administering a secure network. It discusses common network protocols like TCP/IP, IP, TCP and how they establish communication. It also covers network administration principles for securing devices, monitoring logs, designing networks, and implementing port security. The goal is to provide rules and procedures for securely managing a network and its components.
This document discusses cybersecurity and information technology. It is supported by a National Science Foundation grant. It covers topics such as the definition of information technology, information security, security roles and responsibilities, developing security policies and training programs, and effective cybersecurity practices. The goal is to educate about cybersecurity fundamentals and the importance of security awareness training.
This document discusses firewalls and VPNs. It covers firewall types like application layer firewalls and hybrid firewalls. Firewall processing modes include packet filtering, proxy services, and circuit gateways. Common firewall architectures are packet filtering routers, dual homed firewalls, screened host firewalls, and screened subnet firewalls with a DMZ. The document also discusses selecting, configuring, and managing firewalls as well as content filters and protecting remote connections with VPNs.
This document provides an overview of network security. It discusses key topics like vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and vulnerability analysis. Various types of attacks are explained such as reconnaissance attacks, access attacks, denial of service attacks, and worms/viruses. The document also covers network security models and how to analyze vulnerabilities through network security policies. It aims to educate about securing networks from threats.
Our bad neighbor makes us early stirrers,
Which is both healthful and good husbandry.
-- William Shakespeare (1564–1616), King Henry, in Henry V, act 4, sc. 1, l. 6-7.
The document provides information about Leo Lourdes and his foundation in cyber security. Leo Lourdes has extensive training and certifications in IT management, project management, information security and service management. The objective of his cyber security foundation is to prevent harm to computer networks, applications, devices and data. The training covers topics such as the CIA triad, security governance, risk management and cyber threats.
Technical hardware and software failures can compromise security if they are not addressed properly. Hardware failures may be due to known or unknown flaws and can cause unreliable service. Software bugs are also common given the large amount of code written. Common software failures include buffer overflows, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting. Secure software development processes like the Software Assurance Common Body of Knowledge can help address these issues and lead to more secure applications.
The document discusses various types of wireless network attacks including Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) attacks. It also covers vulnerabilities in IEEE 802.11 wireless security standards and the evolution of wireless networking standards over time with increasing speeds and capabilities. Common attacks described are bluejacking, bluesnarfing, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle, and unauthorized access of wireless networks or tagged devices. The document emphasizes the importance of securing wireless networks and devices to prevent such attacks and data theft.
This presentation covers the challenges and potential risks each device connected to a corporate network creates. It provides some of the recommended security approaches an organisation should comply with and the processes they should follow.
The document discusses various threats to information security that organizations must be aware of and protect against. It describes threats such as malware infections, system penetrations by outsiders, software piracy breaching intellectual property, internet service disruptions, power outages, espionage, hacking, human error, social engineering, information extortion, and sabotage/vandalism. The threats can originate from hackers, employees, forces of nature, errors, or other sources; and they pose risks to an organization's data, systems, services, and reputation. An effective information security program requires awareness of the threats and implementing appropriate controls and response plans.
This document discusses cryptography tools and protocols for secure communications. It describes public-key infrastructure (PKI) which uses public-key cryptosystems to authenticate users and protect information. Digital signatures and certificates are also covered. The document then outlines various protocols used to secure internet communications, email, wireless networks, and TCP/IP connections, including SSL, S/MIME, PGP, WEP, WPA, and IPSec.
With more than 50,000 new malware created every day organisations can no longer afford to risk the financial and reputational impacts of a security or data breach, which can be too much for a business to recover from. Because of this, IT managers face increasing scrutiny and pressure from CEOs, managing directors and boards to prove that they are keeping the organisation secure.
The changing threat landscape means organisations need to be vigilant and smarter about security. While businesses still face threats from infected devices and malware, attackers have also moved beyond that. For example, there is an increasing number of targeted email attacks with cyber criminals spending time to monitor communications so they can imitate emails that are so sophisticated that even relatively savvy users will open them.
This webinar will explore the building blocks required to ensure you have the roadmap required to best protection against cyber attacks. We will provide you with a high level view of the following topics:
· Audit and discovery – What are your weaknesses and are you compliant?
· Education – Do your employees know when not to open that attachment?
· Policy – Do you have the right policies for your industry?
· Technology – Where to start and what has changed?
This document discusses physical security considerations for protecting computing facilities and information assets. It covers key physical access controls like walls, fences, locks, ID badges, alarms and electronic monitoring. Critical environment factors are also addressed, such as fire safety and ensuring proper temperature, humidity and power. The roles of general management, IT and information security professionals in implementing physical security measures are defined. Maintaining secure computer rooms and wiring closets is emphasized, as logical access controls can be easily defeated without strong accompanying physical security.
The document provides an overview of web security. It discusses the internet and the World Wide Web, vulnerabilities and threats to web applications like phishing and SQL injection, as well as countermeasures. It also outlines a generic security model covering security policies, host security, network security, organizational security, and legal security. Finally, it examines the components of web application architecture like user interface elements, structural components involving web browsers, application servers, and database servers.
This document provides an overview of cryptography and different cryptographic algorithms. It defines cryptography as scrambling information so it cannot be read by unauthorized individuals. There are three main types of cryptographic algorithms: hash algorithms that create a unique digital fingerprint of data, symmetric algorithms that use the same key to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric algorithms that use two related keys (a public and private key). Common symmetric algorithms include AES and DES, while asymmetric algorithms solve the key distribution problem of symmetric cryptography.
This document summarizes key aspects of digital certificates and public key infrastructure (PKI) as discussed in Chapter 6 of the CompTIA Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals. It defines digital certificates and their purpose in establishing trust. It describes the components of PKI including certificate authorities, registration authorities, and certificate repositories. It also outlines different types of digital certificates and standards related to PKI.
This document summarizes key elements from a chapter about network security fundamentals. It describes how standard networking devices like switches, routers, load balancers and proxies can provide basic security features. It also explains how network security hardware devices like firewalls, spam filters, VPNs, intrusion detection/prevention systems and unified threat management appliances provide enhanced security. Finally, it discusses how network technologies like NAT, PAT and NAC can be used to enhance security. The overall goal is to illustrate how layered network security can be achieved through the use of both standard networking devices and specialized security hardware.
This document discusses different types of application and networking attacks. It covers server-side web application attacks like cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and command injection that target vulnerabilities in web applications. It also covers client-side attacks like drive-by downloads, cookie manipulation, session hijacking, and malicious browser add-ons that compromise client computers. The document provides details on how each type of attack works and potential vulnerabilities they exploit.
This document discusses motherboard types, features, and configuration. It describes common motherboard form factors like ATX, components like chipsets and sockets that determine processor compatibility, and buses that connect different components. It explains how to configure settings in BIOS or UEFI firmware, maintain a motherboard, and select an appropriate motherboard based on factors like the case and processor.
The document discusses the basics of public key infrastructures (PKI) which manage trust through the use of digital certificates issued by certificate authorities. It describes the roles of registration authorities, certificate authorities, and certificate repositories. It explains how digital certificates are used to bind identities to public keys and details the processes of obtaining, verifying, renewing, and revoking certificates. The lifecycles of keys and certificates are also summarized.
This document discusses access controls and various access control models. It defines access control as granting or denying approval to use specific resources. It describes common access control models like discretionary access control (DAC), mandatory access control (MAC), and role-based access control (RBAC). It also discusses access control terminology, technical processes, and best practices for implementing access controls.
This chapter discusses processors and memory upgrades. It describes the major processor manufacturers Intel and AMD and compares their current processor types. The chapter explains how a processor works and its basic components. It provides guidance on selecting, installing, and replacing processors, including differences for laptops. Regarding memory, it covers random access memory technologies, types of memory modules, and dual/triple channel configurations. It compares DIMM technologies such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 and factors that affect DIMM performance.
This document outlines objectives and content for Chapter 5 of the 9th edition of the A+ Guide to IT Technical Support textbook. The chapter covers supporting the power system and troubleshooting computers. It describes methods for cooling computer systems, selecting an appropriate power supply, and following a systematic approach to troubleshooting hardware problems. Specific topics covered include CPU and case fans, heat sinks, liquid cooling systems, calculating power needs, examining systems to establish problem theories, and troubleshooting electrical, motherboard, processor, RAM, and mobile device issues.
This document discusses how to hack the web by learning to code and modify existing web pages. It explains that the web encourages participation and remixing existing content to create new things. It recommends learning to read and write code so one can actively engage with the web. It provides instructions for installing a browser extension called Web X-Ray Goggles that allows users to see the HTML of web pages and remix parts of pages by editing the code.
This document introduces electronic commerce and its key concepts. It discusses the types of e-commerce, including business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and business-to-business (B2B). B2C involves customers purchasing from companies online. C2C involves individuals selling to each other, such as through online auction sites. B2B refers to transactions between businesses, like manufacturers selling to wholesalers. The document provides examples for each type and outlines some common business processes that are part of electronic commerce.
The document is an introduction to information security that describes challenges securing information, defines key security concepts, and outlines common attacks and defenses. It discusses the types of attackers, the typical steps in an attack, and difficulties defending against modern threats. The document advocates a layered security strategy using techniques like limiting access, diversity, obscurity, and simplicity.
The document is an introduction to information security that describes challenges securing information, defines key security concepts, and outlines common attacks and defenses. It discusses the types of attackers, the steps in most attacks, and recommends a comprehensive security strategy with layered defenses, updated protections, minimized losses, and secure information transmission. The overall goal is to prevent data theft, identity theft, legal issues, and cyberterrorism while maintaining productivity.
Describing the challenges of securing informationNicholas Davis
This chapter introduces information security. It discusses the challenges of securing information, such as the speed and sophistication of attacks. It defines information security as guarding digital information to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability. Information security is achieved through products, procedures and people. The chapter describes common attackers and difficulties in defending against attacks. It explains why information security is important to prevent data theft, identity theft and avoid legal consequences. The objectives are to understand security challenges and the basic concepts of information security.
Describing The Challenges Of Securing InformationNicholas Davis
This chapter introduces information security. It discusses the challenges of securing information, defines information security, and explains why it is important. It identifies different types of attackers like hackers, script kiddies, spies, employees, cybercriminals, and cyberterrorists. It also describes the basic steps of an attack and outlines a comprehensive defense strategy involving layers, limits, diversity, obscurity and simplicity.
This document is the first chapter of a security guide that introduces information security. It describes the challenges of securing information in today's environment where there are many types of attacks and difficulties defending against attacks. Universally connected devices, faster attacks, more sophisticated attacks, and availability of attack tools all contribute to these challenges. The chapter then defines information security, explaining its importance in protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. It also identifies common types of attackers, including hackers, script kiddies, spies, insiders, cybercriminals and cyberterrorists.
The document summarizes key points from Chapter 1 of the Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals textbook. It defines information security and why it is important, identifies common types of attackers such as hackers, insiders, and cybercriminals, describes the basic steps of an attack, and outlines the five principles of defense: layering, limiting, diversity, obscurity, and simplicity.
The document discusses security in information technology. It covers topics such as what security is, why it is needed for IT, common security threats to IT systems, both physical and virtual, and how to mitigate those threats. It also addresses data and cyber security, practical applications of security in IT systems, advantages of security, and challenges and limitations of implementing security. The overall goal is to help readers understand the need for IT security and how to protect physical and digital assets from various threats.
The document discusses security in information technology. It covers what security is, why it is needed for IT, physical and virtual security threats to IT environments, and how to avoid these threats. Specific topics covered include data security, cyber security, firewalls, access controls, encryption, and other methods to protect against threats like viruses, hacking, and data theft. The goal is to explain the importance of security for protecting IT systems, data, and infrastructure from both physical and virtual risks.
SolarWinds IT Security Survey - February 2013SolarWinds
SolarWinds (NYSE: SWI), a leading provider of powerful and affordable IT management software, released the results of a survey on IT security and compliance that emphasize the growing need for powerful and easy-to-use security products focused on the key security concerns plaguing the majority of IT professionals.
The top IT security responsibilities, concerns and priorities revealed that securing today’s IT infrastructure will take a concerted and coordinated effort across all IT functions. Learn more.
Presentation by Larry Clinton, President of the Internet Security Alliance (ISA) to the 66th Annual Fowler Seminar on Oct 12 2012 titled Evolution of the Cyber Threat - A Unified Systems Approach.
The document discusses a technology and security class. It provides an agenda that covers IT news, an exam follow-up, and a focus on security. Under security news, it lists several recent computer virus and hacking incidents. It then discusses common security myths and holds a quick security assessment activity. The rest of the document outlines various security topics like definitions of security concepts, security risks, protection methods, and ways to assess security risks. It emphasizes the importance of backups, strong passwords, and keeping systems updated with patches.
Cyber security involves protecting computers, servers, networks, and data from malicious attacks. It covers major areas like application security, information security, disaster recovery, and network security. Cyber threats take various forms like malware, ransomware, phishing, and application attacks. The core goal of cyber security is to ensure business continuity by preventing and reducing the impact of security incidents. Threats can be physical, accidental, from unauthorized access, or malicious misuse. Historically, organizations took a reactive approach to cyber threats but news of data breaches shows this method is ineffective, so a proactive approach with integrated security technologies is needed instead.
This is simply an overview of security and threat landscape in the information technology industry.
It was written by OKONKWO UZONNA, uzonnacyril@gmail.com, +2348064586915
Some key challenges of computer security include:
- Rapidly evolving threats - As technology advances, so do the methods used by hackers and cybercriminals. It can be difficult for security defenses to keep up.
- Complex systems - Modern IT infrastructures are highly complex with many interconnected systems, software, devices, users, etc. This complexity introduces many potential vulnerabilities.
- Human element - Many breaches are caused by human error, negligence or malicious insiders. Educating and training all users can be challenging.
- Costs of security - Implementing robust security controls requires significant resources. There is often a tradeoff between security and other priorities like functionality, cost and user experience.
- Privacy vs
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cybersecurity involves protecting individuals, businesses, and governments from cyber threats on computers and the internet. It is a broad field that includes threat analysis, security technologies, policies and laws. Cybersecurity problems stem from technical issues as well as human and organizational factors. It aims to prevent malicious cyber attacks and accidental damage. Attacks can come from inside or outside an organization and include fraud, spying, stalking, assault, and warfare between nations. The scale of the problem is large but difficult to measure fully. Cybersecurity issues have arisen because the internet was not designed with security in mind and prioritizes convenience, while widespread connectivity has increased risks.
Francesca Bosco, Le nuove sfide della cyber securityAndrea Rossetti
The document discusses cybersecurity threats and issues. It notes that many nations and non-state actors now have sophisticated cyber capabilities, and that cyber attacks are becoming more advanced, targeted, and potentially damaging. The document warns that nations are increasingly dependent on digital networks and systems, so major cyber attacks could significantly disrupt economies and undermine confidence in digital systems and services.
Information security / Cyber Security pptGryffin EJ
Information security involves protecting information systems and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. It is necessary to implement policies, awareness training, and technologies to secure systems from both internal and external threats like malware, hacking, and human error. While security aims to prevent danger, it is not something that is ever fully achieved but rather an ongoing process of balancing access with appropriate protection measures.
The document summarizes key concepts from the book "Computer Security: Principles and Practice" by Stallings, Brown, and Bauer. It defines computer security as measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems. It outlines threats to computer security like unauthorized disclosure, deception, disruption, and usurpation. It also defines security terminology like attacks, vulnerabilities, risks, and countermeasures. The document presents models for understanding computer security and the relationships between threats, vulnerabilities, attacks, and assets.
1. Security+ Guide to Network
Security Fundamentals, Third
Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction to Security
2. Objectives
• Describe the challenges of securing information
• Define information security and explain why it is
important
• Identify the types of attackers that are common
today
• List the basic steps of an attack
• Describe the five steps in a defense
• Explain the different types of information security
careers and how the Security+ certification can
enhance a security career
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 2
3. Challenges of Securing Information
• There is no simple solution to securing information
• This can be seen through the different types of
attacks that users face today
– As well as the difficulties in defending against these
attacks
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 3
4. Today’s Security Attacks
• Typical warnings:
– A malicious program was introduced at some point in
the manufacturing process of a popular brand of digital
photo frames
– Nigerian e-mail scam claimed to be sent from the U.N.
– “Booby-trapped” Web pages are growing at an
increasing rate
– A new worm disables Microsoft Windows Automatic
Updating and the Task Manager
– Apple has issued an update to address 25 security
flaws in its operating system OS X
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 4
5. Today’s Security Attacks (continued)
• Typical warnings: (continued)
– The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) reports that
the number of unique phishing sites continues to
increase
– Researchers at the University of Maryland attached
four computers equipped with weak passwords to the
Internet for 24 days to see what would happen
• These computers were hit by an intrusion attempt on
average once every 39 seconds
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 5
6. Today’s Security Attacks (continued)
• Security statistics bear witness to the continual
success of attackers:
– TJX Companies, Inc. reported that over 45 million
customer credit card and debit card numbers were
stolen by attackers over an 18 month period from
2005 to 2007
– Table 1-1 lists some of the major security breaches
that occurred during a three-month period
– The total average cost of a data breach in 2007 was
$197 per record compromised
– A recent report revealed that of 24 federal government
agencies, the overall grade was only “C−”
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 6
8. Difficulties in Defending against
Attacks
• Difficulties include the following:
– Speed of attacks (now faced with zero-day attacks)
– Greater sophistication of attacks
– Simplicity of attack tools
– Attackers can detect vulnerabilities more quickly and
more readily exploit these vulnerabilities
– Delays in patching hardware and software products
– Most attacks are now distributed attacks, instead of
coming from only one source
– User confusion
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 8
11. Difficulties in Defending against
Attacks (continued)
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 11
12. What Is Information Security?
• Knowing why information security is important today
and who the attackers are is beneficial
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 12
13. Defining Information Security
• Security can be considered as a state of freedom
from a danger or risk
– This state or condition of freedom exists because
protective measures are established and maintained
• Information security
– The tasks of guarding information that is in a digital
format
– Ensures that protective measures are properly
implemented
– Cannot completely prevent attacks or guarantee that
a system is totally secure
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 13
14. Defining Information Security
(continued)
• Information security is intended to protect
information that has value to people and
organizations
– This value comes from the characteristics of the
information:
• Confidentiality
• Integrity
• Availability
• Information security is achieved through a
combination of three entities
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 14
17. Defining Information Security
(continued)
• A more comprehensive definition of
information security is:
– That which protects the integrity,
confidentiality, and availability (CIA)
of information on the devices that
store, manipulate (process), and
transmit the information through
products, people, and procedures
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 17
18. Information Security Terminology
• Asset
– Something that has a value (examples?)
• Threat
– An event or object that may defeat the security
measures in place and result in a loss (examples?)
• Threat agent
– A person or thing that has the power to carry out a
threat (examples?)
• This definition is more broad than others that limit threat
agents to also possessing an intent to attack or damage
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 18
19. Information Security Terminology
(continued)
• Vulnerability
– Weakness that allows a threat agent to bypass
security (i.e. configuration errors or software “bugs”)
• Risk
– The likelihood, or probability, that a threat agent will
exploit a vulnerability
– Risk is usually expressed as a percentage (90%
chance of a web server being hacked in a year)
– Realistically, risk cannot ever be entirely eliminated
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 19
21. Information Security Terminology
(continued)
• Would the
Loss of
stereo really
be the threat
– or the
impact?
• If it is the
impact, what
then is the
threat?
• What if the
stereo was a
USB thumb
drive with
healthcare
records on
it?
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 21
22. Information Security Terminology
Loss of USB Thumb Drive with PII Example
Asset Threat Threat Vulnerability Impact Mitigation
Agent
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 22
23. Information Security Terminology
Loss of USB Thumb Drive with PII Example
Asset Threat Threat Vulnerability Impact Mitigation
Agent
Customer Loss or theft Employee or USBs are Loss of PII Enable encryption
Data of theif easily lost or results in on all drives
equipment misplaced. heavy fines (including USB
with data Data is in and loss of drives)
plain text on customer
the drives. confidence
(loss of
sales)
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 23
25. Understanding the Importance of
Information Security
• Preventing data theft
– Security is often associated with theft prevention
– The theft of data is one of the largest causes of
financial loss due to an attack
– Individuals are often victims of data thievery
• Thwarting identity theft
– Identity theft involves using someone’s personal
information to establish bank or credit card accounts
• Cards are then left unpaid, leaving the victim with the
debts and ruining their credit rating
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 25
26. Understanding the Importance of
Information Security (continued)
• Avoiding legal consequences
– A number of federal and state laws have been
enacted to protect the privacy of electronic data
• The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
of 1996 (HIPAA)
• The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbox, or SOX)
• The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
• USA Patriot Act (2001)
• The California Database Security Breach Act (2003)
• Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998
(COPPA)
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 26
27. Understanding the Importance of
Information Security (continued)
• Maintaining Productivity
– Cleaning up after an attack diverts resources such as
time and money away from normal activities
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 27
28. Understanding the Importance of
Information Security (continued)
• Foiling cyberterrorism
– Cyberterrorism
• Attacks by terrorist groups using
computer technology and the
Internet
– Utility, telecommunications, and
financial services companies are
considered prime targets of
cyberterrorists
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 28
29. Who Are the Attackers?
• The types of people behind computer attacks are
generally divided into several categories
– These include hackers, script kiddies, spies,
employees, cybercriminals, and cyberterrorists
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 29
30. Hackers
• Hacker
– Generic sense: anyone who illegally
breaks into or attempts to break into a
computer system
– Narrow sense: a person who uses
advanced computer skills to attack
computers only to expose security flaws
• Although breaking into another person’s
computer system is illegal
– Some hackers believe it is ethical as long
as they do not commit theft, vandalism,
or breach any confidentiality
– Q: What is the difference between a
“Cracker” and a “Hacker”
– Q: What is the difference between White
hat hacking and black hat hacking?
– Q: What is “ethical hacking”?
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 30
31. Script Kiddies
• Script kiddies
– Want to break into computers to create damage
– Unskilled users
– Download automated hacking software (scripts) from
Web sites and use it to break into computers
• They are sometimes considered more dangerous
than hackers
– Script kiddies tend to be computer users who have
almost unlimited amounts of leisure time, which they
can use to attack systems
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 31
32. Spies
• Computer spy
– A person who has been hired to break into a
computer and steal information
• Spies are hired to attack a specific computer or
system that contains sensitive information
– Their goal is to break into that computer or
system and take the information without drawing
any attention to their actions
• Spies, like hackers, possess excellent computer
skills
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 32
33. Employees
• One of the largest information security threats to a
business actually comes from its employees
• Reasons
– An employee might want to show the company a
weakness in their security
– Disgruntled employees may be intent on retaliating
against the company
– Industrial espionage
– Blackmailing
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 33
34. Cybercriminals
• Cybercriminals
– A loose-knit network of attackers, identity thieves, and
financial fraudsters
– More highly motivated, less risk-averse, better
funded, and more tenacious than hackers
• Many security experts believe that cybercriminals
belong to organized gangs of young and mostly
Eastern European attackers
• Cybercriminals have a more focused goal that can
be summed up in a single word: money
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 34
36. Cybercriminals (continued)
• Cybercrime
– Targeted attacks against financial networks,
unauthorized access to information, and the theft of
personal information
• Financial cybercrime is often divided into two
categories
– Trafficking in stolen credit card numbers and financial
information
– Using spam to commit fraud
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 36
37. Cyberterrorists
• Cyberterrorists
– Their motivation may be defined as ideology, or
attacking for the sake of their principles or beliefs
• Goals of a cyberattack:
– To deface electronic information and spread
misinformation and propaganda
– To deny service to legitimate computer users
– To commit unauthorized intrusions into systems and
networks that result in critical infrastructure outages
and corruption of vital data
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 37
38. Attacks and Defenses
• Although there are a wide variety of attacks that can
be launched against a computer or network
– The same basic steps are used in most attacks
• Protecting computers against these steps in an
attack calls for five fundamental security principles
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 38
39. Steps of an Attack
• The five steps that make up an attack
– Probe for information
– Penetrate any defenses
– Modify security settings
– Circulate to other systems
– Paralyze networks and devices
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 39
41. Defenses against Attacks
• Although multiple defenses may be necessary to
withstand an attack
– These defenses should be based on five fundamental
security principles:
• Protecting systems by layering
• Limiting
• Diversity
• Obscurity
• Simplicity
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 41
42. Layering
• Information security must be created in layers
• One defense mechanism may be relatively easy for
an attacker to circumvent
– Instead, a security system must have layers, making
it unlikely that an attacker has the tools and skills to
break through all the layers of defenses
• A layered approach can also be useful in resisting a
variety of attacks
• Layered security provides the most comprehensive
protection
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 42
43. Limiting
• Limiting access to information reduces the threat
against it
• Only those who must use data should have access
to it
– In addition, the amount of access granted to someone
should be limited to what that person needs to know
• Some ways to limit access are technology-based,
while others are procedural
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 43
44. Diversity
• Layers must be different (diverse)
– If attackers penetrate one layer, they cannot use the
same techniques to break through all other layers
• Using diverse layers of defense means that
breaching one security layer does not compromise
the whole system
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 44
45. Obscurity
• An example of obscurity would be not
revealing the type of computer, operating
system, software, and network connection a
computer uses
– An attacker who knows that information can
more easily determine the weaknesses of the
system to attack it
• Obscuring information can be an important
way to protect information
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 45
46. Simplicity
• Information security is by its very nature complex
• Complex security systems can be hard to
understand, troubleshoot, and feel secure about
• As much as possible, a secure system should be
simple for those on the inside to understand and use
• Complex security schemes are often compromised
to make them easier for trusted users to work with
– Keeping a system simple from the inside but complex
on the outside can sometimes be difficult but reaps a
major benefit
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 46
47. Surveying Information Security
Careers and the Security+ Certification
• Today, businesses and organizations require
employees and even prospective applicants
– To demonstrate that they are familiar with computer
security practices
• Many organizations use the CompTIA Security+
certification to verify security competency
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 47
48. Types of Information Security Jobs
• Information assurance (IA)
– A superset of information security including security
issues that do not involve computers
– Covers a broader area than just basic technology
defense tools and tactics
– Also includes reliability, strategic risk management,
and corporate governance issues such as privacy,
compliance, audits, business continuity, and disaster
recovery
– Is interdisciplinary; individuals who are employed in it
may come from different fields of study
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 48
49. Types of Information Security Jobs
(continued)
• Information security, also called computer security
– Involves the tools and tactics to defend against
computer attacks
– Does not include security issues that do not involve
computers
• Two broad categories of information security
positions
– Information security managerial position
– Information security technical position
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 49
51. CompTIA Security+ Certification
• The CompTIA Security+ (2008 Edition) Certification
is the premiere vendor-neutral credential
• The Security+ exam is an internationally recognized
validation of foundation-level security skills and
knowledge
– Used by organizations and security professionals
around the world
• The skills and knowledge measured by the
Security+ exam are derived from an industry-wide
Job Task Analysis (JTA)
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 51
52. CompTIA Security+ Certification
(continued)
• The six domains covered by the Security+ exam:
– Systems Security, Network Infrastructure, Access
Control, Assessments and Audits, Cryptography, and
Organizational Security
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 52
53. Other Stuff
• Join Organizations and get certified:
– ISSA – Student Memberships $30
www.issa.org
– IAPP – student memberships $50,
become CIPP/G certified
– Start a computer club at NVCC (participate in
the CCDC!!!)
– ISC2 – Associate of (ISC)² - pass SSCP exam
www.isc2.org
• Read Books and Magazines:
• Hackin9
• 2600 Magazine
• Everything else you can get your hands on
• Pay attention to your personal life and
activities so you can get a security clearance,
companies and agencies DO NOT hire
hackers
55. IAPP
• SEEKING PRIVACY SCHOLARS
Each year, the IAPP awards Privacy Academy scholarships
to outstanding college students who may be interested in
entering the field of privacy and data protection. Up to five
students will receive scholarships to attend this year's
Privacy Academy, which takes place in Baltimore, MD, next
month. Do you know of a motivated full-time college student
who would like the chance to attend, learn, network and
have one-on-one time with a professional mentor? If so,
please let them know about this valuable opportunity.
Interested candidates should send a resume and letter of
interest to scholarships@privacyassociation.org
56. Summary
• Attacks against information security have grown
exponentially in recent years
• There are several reasons why it is difficult to defend
against today’s attacks
• Information security may be defined as that which
protects the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of
information on the devices that store, manipulate,
and transmit the information through products,
people, and procedures
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 56
57. Summary (continued)
• The main goals of information security are to prevent
data theft, thwart identity theft, avoid the legal
consequences of not securing information, maintain
productivity, and foil cyberterrorism
• The types of people behind computer attacks are
generally divided into several categories
• There are five general steps that make up an attack:
probe for information, penetrate any defenses, modify
security settings, circulate to other systems, and
paralyze networks and devices
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 57
58. Summary (continued)
• The demand for IT professionals who know how to
secure networks and computers from attacks is at an
all-time high
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition 58