Natural Resources

Topic:- Natural Resources
Subject Name :- Hazards & Safety Management
Subject Code:- MQA201T
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance
Smt. B. N. B. Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, Salvav–vapi
Presented by:-
Machhi Dhruvi A.
2nd sem M.Pharm.

CONTENTS
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Dhruvi Anilkumar Machhi
• Natural Resources
• Renewable Resources
• Non-renewable Resources
• Difference between Renewable & Non-renewable Resources
• Natural Resources & associated problems
• Role of individual in conservation of natural resource
• References

Natural Resources
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Natural Resources
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• A natural resource may be defined as any material given to us by nature
which can be transformed in a way that it becomes more valuable & useful.
• For an ex.
 wood is used for making furniture. Yarn obtained from cotton is used for
weaving cloth. Likewise, various machine, tools & household goods are
made of metals.
• Now furniture, clothes, machine, tools are more valuable than their raw form
i.e. wood, cotton & metal, respectively.
• It is impossible to obtain valuable items from any resources. Thus, water,
minerals, forests, wildlife as well as human beings are resources. Appropriate
technology is available to transform that into more valuable goods.

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Renewable & Non-renewable Resources
On the basis of continuity, the resources are classified as under:
(1) Renewable Resources
(2) Non-renewable Resources.

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• Resources, which can be renewed along with their exploitation, are always
available for use. Hence they are called renewable resources.
• For instance, forests are renewable. If trees are felled for wood, original
forest covers may be maintained through plating new trees i.e. a forestation.
• Likewise, solar energy & wind energy are examples of renewable resources.
Renewable Resources

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• In other words, Renewable resources are those resources which can be
restored by quick natural cycles.
• These can be replaced at almost the same rate of their consumption.
• Even these resources can get exhausted if wasted or if they are used
ineffectively.
• Renewable resources are able to multiply themselves either on their own or
with the help of external efforts made by humans.
• For ex
Plants & animals species have ability to reproduce.
Natural rubber, silk, jute, wool, cotton, leather, wood, etc. are renewable
resources which do not have life cycle but can be reused or reprocessed.

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Non-renewable Resources
• Non-renewable resources are those resources which cannot be restored by
using natural process.
• These resources are exhausted more rapidly than they are restored or
renewed.
• These are available in finite quantities which is impossible to increase.
• Once they are used in unlimited way, they cannot be easily replaced.
• Thus, their exploitation at large scale will result in their fast depletion. Such
resources are called non-renewable resources or exhaustible.

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• For ex.,
Mineral salts such as nitrate, phosphate, carbonates etc.
Fossil fuels such as coal, petrol, etc.
Metals such as gold, silver, iron, zinc, etc.
• It took millions of years for fossil fuels to be formed. Thus, once these
resources get exhausted, people either have to manage without them or have
to discover a suitable alternative for them.

Difference between Renewable & Non-renewable Resources
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Sr.
No.
Renewable Resources Non-renewable Resources
1 It can be used again & again throughout its
life.
It cannot be used again & again .
2 They cannot be exhausted. They can be exhausted one day.
3 They have low carbon emission & hence
they are environment friendly.
They have high carbon emission & hence
they are not environment friendly.
4 Present in unlimited quantity. Present in limited quantity.

Difference between Renewable & Non-renewable Resources
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5 Cost is low. Cost is high.
6 Renewable resources are pollution free. Renewable resources are not pollution free.
7 Life of resources is infinite. Life of resources is finite & vanishes one day.
8 High maintenance cost. Low maintenance cost as compared to
renewable resources.
9 Promotes the balance in nature. Disrupts the balance in nature.
10 Ex., Solar, Wind & Tidal energy Ex., Coal, Petroleum, Natural gases.

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Natural
resources
&
associated
problems
(5) Land use &
development
(2)
Overpopulation
that brings over
exploitation
(3) Climate
change
(1) Exploitation
of Resources
(4) Environmental
pollution
Natural resources & associated problems

(1) Exploitation of Resources:
• Natural resources are prone to exploitation, which is their biggest problem.
• As a result of the use of these resources, economic expansion often degrades
the environment.
• When methods of extracting raw materials were developed in the 19th century,
this problem gained momentum.
• The development of mining, steam power, & various machines during this time
helped mankind gain access to these materials more easily.
• Getting energy in this manner is causing environmental damage.
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Natural resources & associated problems

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• Our continued exploitation of natural resources also leads to the destruction
of the environment via intensive agriculture.
• Intensive agriculture is a major hindrance to our natural environment.
• For ex.,
 forests are deforested
 waterways are polluted

(2) Overpopulation that brings over exploitation:
• Almost all natural resources are under pressure due to the growing human
population. Overexploitation of these resources often results.
• Due to overexploitation to support the ever-growing population, resources
such as arable l&, fresh water, fossil fuels, coral reefs, & wilderness forests
are at record low levels.
• There is an incredible decline in quality of life as a result of this competition
for the vital resources that sustain life.
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• Farmers have converted forests & grasslands into cropland because of
intensive agricultural methods.
• Due to modern-day pressures, natural resources are depreciating, especially
forests, wild life, & fertile l&, as l& is converted into fields for farming &
crop-production.
• As a result of agricultural waste, fertilizers, & pesticides polluting marine &
freshwater environments, a number of natural crop species & aquatic life are
also endangered.
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(3) Climate change:
• Human activities & overpopulation are generating greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, causing severe changes to climate patterns that threaten biodiversity
as well as many other natural resources.
• As global warming & climate change alter the favorable conditions for survival,
species that have adapted to particular environments are highly affected.
• A profound consequence of global warming & climate change is the destruction
of habitats to a degree that threatens biodiversity & the survival of species.
• For ex., Wildlife such as mountain gorillas & rock rabbits may soon become
extinct due to global warming because they require cool temperatures high in the
mountains.
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(4) Environmental pollution:
• In addition to being destroyed, a large portion of natural resources is under
immense threat from pollution produced by industries & manufactured
utilities as well as agricultural products.
• There are long-term cumulative impacts of soil, air, & water pollution on
natural resources & the quality of the environment where they occur.
• Natural processes such as water chemistry, soil composition, ocean water,
underground water & rock composition are affected by pollution. Acidic
lakes, for instance, are unsupportive of aquatic life.
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(5) Land use & development:
• Lands that are converted into urban settings, housing development projects,
commercial centers, industrial sites, parking lots, highway systems, & so on,
deprive wildlife & other living organisms of natural habitats.
• In addition to destroying millions of acres of habitat, this method has also
caused much deforestation.
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• Conservation broadly means sound l& or water use planning. It is concerned
with the maintenance of natural systems & with their moderate, systematic,
planned & regulated utilization & exploitation for the long-term benefit of
mankind.
Individual can play vital role in the conversation of natural resources in
many ways:
1. Conserve water:
• In order to conserve water, following measures can be taken by people :
Close the tap when not in use, especially during brushing, washing, bathing,
etc.
Waste water from washing can be used in washing of courtyard, cars, etc.
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Role of individual in conservation of natural resources

Fill water in the washing machine only up to the level required for clothes.
Toilets that save water should be used.
Pipes & taps should be regularly checked for any leakage & should repaired
immediately.
A proper rainwater harvesting system should be constructed.
Waste water from cloth-washers, sinks & bathrooms should be used for
watering the plants.
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2. Conserve energy:
• Conservation of energy requires following measures to be undertaken.
Fans, lights & other electronic devices should be turned off whenever not
being used.
Maximum amount of heat should be used from solar energy rather than using
heaters & dryers.
Solar cookers should be used instead of induction cooktop .It will be more
nutritious as well as inexpensive.
Deciduous trees & climbers should be grown in surrounding to the house to
protect the house from intense heating due to solar radiation.
Public transportation should be used in place of private vehicle.
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Houses should be adequately insulated. In winters, windows should be
closed during night time, while in summers windows should be closed during
daytime. This will help in saving electricity.
It is more suitable to wear woolen clothes in winters than using heat
convector.
Glass, metals & paper should be recycled & re-used.
For short distances, bicycles should be used. A walk is more appropriate in
place of vehicles for short distances.
Cooling load of air conditioner should be reduced by increasing its
temperature. With every one degree rise in temperature, about 3-5% of
electricity is saved.
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3. Protect the Soil:
• Protection of soil requires following measures:
During construction of houses, care should be taken that no tree is cut. Every
plant disturbed must be compensated by fast growing native varieties.
Different varieties of ornamental plants, herbs & trees should be grown. In
relatively open areas, grass should be grown that will help in binding the soil
& prevent soil erosion.
Compost should be made from wastage of kitchen products that serve as
excellent manure for kitchen-garden.
Plants should not be irrigated with strong flow of water as that will erode the
top layer of the soil. It is more beneficial to use sprinkling irrigation.
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Agricultural fields should not be excessively irrigated where there is no
proper drainage facilities as this may lead to water logging.
Mixed cropping should be used for growing food products as this ensures
that soil nutrients are not worn-out.

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4. Promote Sustainable Agriculture:
• It can be promoted in the following manner:
Food should not be wasted. One should take only that much food which
he/she can eat.
Use of pesticides should be reduced.
Organic fertilizers should be used in place of chemical fertilizers.
 Drip irrigation should be used for watering the crops.
Pests should be controlled through biological techniques.

REFERENCES
1. Dr. Y. K. Singh, in "Environmental Science" ; New age international
publishers, New Delhi, 2006, pp: 10-
2. Erach Bharucha in "Textbook of environmental studies for
undergraduate courses"; University Grant Commission, New Delhi, 2004,
pp: 20-
3. Ankur Choudhary, “Natural Resources & Associated Problems”
https://www.pharmaguideline.com/2022/01/natural-resources-&-
associated-problems.html
4. Dr. M. S. Kumar, Dr. Virendra Kumar, in Environmental Science,
Thakur Publication, Lucknow, pp: 67-68
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Thank you
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