The document summarizes the key causes and events of World War 1: 1) Militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism contributed to rising tensions in Europe. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked war after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. 2) As countries honored their alliance agreements, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria formed the Central Powers against the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the United States. 3) Over 8 million troops were killed and 21 million wounded or captured by the war's end in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive terms on Germany and established the League of Nations.

1. U.S. and World War I

2. Causes of WWI – MANIA!
• Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war,
military used as a tool for diplomacy
• Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect on
another
• Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country, national interests should be
placed above international affairs
• Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically
and politically.
• Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

4. Alliances
• There were 2 major alliances in Europe before
WW1. Alliances were made to protect each
nation from attack
• The Triple Alliance – Germany, Italy, Austria
Hungry
• The Triple Entente – Russia, France, Britain

6. The Spark
• Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his
wife Sophie are
assassinated by
Gavrilo Princip.
• He was a member of
the Serbian
nationalist group –
the black hand.

7. The Domino Effect
• Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s
death and declared war on Serbia.
• Germany pledged their support for
Austria –Hungary
• Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

8. • Germany declares war on Russia.
• France pledges their support for Russia.
• Germany declares war on France.
• Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
• Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war
on Germany.

9. Who was fighting?
Allied Powers Central Powers
• Britain & its colonies
• France & its colonies
• Russia
• Italy
• United States
• Many more
• Germany
• Austria-Hungry
• Ottoman Empire
• Bulgaria

11. Stalemate
• Outdated military tactics and new technology quickly turn the war
into a stalemate
• Trenches were dug in France to protect soldiers and solidify gains.
The area between the Central Powers and Allied Powers was known
as no mans land.

13. New Technology
• New Technology was used to turn WW1 into a
modern war.
– Tanks, Planes, Submarines, Poison Gas, Machine
Guns all see use in the war.

14. U.S. Neutrality
• U.S. remains neutral until 1917
• Practicing (foreign) policy of Isolationism
Reason:
1. Europe’s war
2. Economic reasons
- trade
- financial backing
3. Immigrant sympathizers

15. U.S. getting drawn into WWI
• Germany counter-attack to GB’s blockaded with
• the U-boats (sinking without warning)
• May 7, 1915 U-boat sank the Lusitania
- German’s defense - was carrying ammunition
• March 1916 Germany torpedoes the Sussex liner
• Sussex Pledge – agreement - Germany would stop attacking
ships if U.S. could get G.B. to lift blockade
• Election of 1916: Wilson wins on campaign promise to keep
the U.S. out of war

16. Neutrality Ends
Immediate Causes:
• Violation of Sussex - Germany announces the U-boats will
sink ships again - no warning
• Rev. in Russia- attempting democratic gov’t
now an acceptable ally
• Zimmermann Note (telegram from Germany to Mexico)
suggesting an alliance between them and promising to help
them recover the territories of TX,
NM, & AZ
* 1917 – U.S. had no option but to enter the war

19. Big IDEAS for the
U.S. entrance
• Financial - to ensure Allies victory and
repayment of debts to the U.S.
• Threat - to prevent the Germans harming
U.S. shipping and protect U.S. territory

20. The "I WANT
YOU" Army
recruiting poster
from World War I
became the most
recognized image
of Uncle Sam, a
character first
made popular by
Thomas Nast and
other 19th century
political cartoonists.
The poster was
painted by James
Montgomery Flagg
in 1916-
1917. Flagg
reportedly used his
own face as the
model for Uncle
Sam’s stern visage.
www.klasek.com/90th/1917_timeline.html

21. Home Front Production
• shifting in production of goods
• must make war & consumer goods
pro.corbis.com/search/Enlargement.aspx?CID=is...

22. Selective Service Act
• a draft
• eventually 24 million draftees
• ages of 21-23
(some lied about their age)
• Those excused
- married men
- those with dependents
- medical reasons

23. Citation: Records of the Selective Service System (World War I)

24. Women and WWI
• filled all types of roles/jobs in society
i.e.
• driving cabs and delivery trucks
• bricklayers
• cooks
• railroad workers
• dock workers and shipbuilder
• Roles in society gave them the final
ammunition needed for the 19th amendment

25. • women filled industry jobs
https://www.allposters.co.jp/RedirectLocale.a...

26. War Industries Board (WIB)
• encourage mass production techniques
• to increase efficiency & eliminate waste
- production increased by 20%
- i.e. corsets
tall leather boots
hemlines
laracorsets.com

27. By Howard
Christy.
Used in
WW I
recruiting
campaigns.

28. Supporting the War
• Propaganda
~ persuasive technique used to influence
opinions
~ A campaign to help people feel justified
in the sacrifices they were making.
• promote patriotism
• it manufactured hate

29. By Norman
Lindsey.
“?” was one
of six
posters
designed
for the last
Australian
recruiting
campaign.

30. Fuel Administration
• monitored coal supplies, rationed gasoline &
heating oil
• adopted to help conserve for the war
i.e.
• gasless Sunday
• heatless Monday
• lightless nights
~ daylight-savings
time used
www.rainfall.com/posters/WWI/195.htm

31. Food Administration
• established to conserve food (voluntary)
• Herbert Hoover - director
• each day special emphasis
i.e.
- wheatless Mon. and Wed.
- meatless Tues.
- porkless Thurs. and Sat.
- sweetless Fri
(calling it Hooverizing)
• victory gardens
- planted at people’s homes
- on city buildings and
in allies staff.imsa.edu/.../jiang_3_7/conservation.htm

32. Financing the War
• U.S. spent 33 billion
• raised 1/3 with taxes
(higher income taxes)
• higher excise tax on
luxury goods
• Liberty Loans
- war bonds

34. Attack on Civil Liberties
• worst attacks directed at German - Americans
i.e.
• lost their jobs
• would not play music by German composers
• Schools stopped teaching German language
• German books were removed from libraries

35. Government ‘s Role
• Sedition Act (p. 598)
no disloyalties to the U.S. gov., its symbols, or the war,
• Espionage Act
punish those found helping the enemy
• Trading with the Enemy Act
postmaster could censor publications exchanged
* What did all of these violate?
Civil Liberties cont…

36. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• Jan. 1918
• Wilson presented to Congress
- Causes of war
- boundaries
- plan for peace /League of Nations
(international peace organization)

37. Peace Conference
• Allied leaders / Council of Ten
• new Russian leaders did not attend
• Purpose: decide end of war issues
• Wilson presented his 14 pts.
- wanted peace organization
• Clash between Wilson’s ideas & Allies
rewards/punishments
- Allies wanted territory & Germany punished

38. Treaty of Versailles
• agreement to end the war
• between Allies & Central Powers
• League of Nations included
- U.S. Congress did not support
- made it a WEAK organization

39. Terms of the Treaty
• Germany had to accept full responsibility for war.
• Germany had to surrender all land back to its
surrounding nations.
• Germany would reduce its military and give up all
warships.
• Germany would transfer all colonies to a mandate
where the Allies could watch them.
• Germany must pay reparations for the entire cost of
the war to the Allies.
• Territory divided (Ottoman, A-H, Russia)
• League of Nations established

40. U.S. Congress would not support plan
Reasons…
• Economic reasons
• Did not fit policy of Isolationism
• Did not want to be responsible for
world peace
* Why did Congress believe the League violated
Isolationism?

42. War Impact
On the U.S.
• Industrial production increased
• became richest country in the world
• achieved a high standard of living
• citizens became materialistic
• women more opportunities/recognition
• rejecting the Treaty/League of Nations
• U.S. shifts back to a policy of Isolation

43. War Impact
On Europe:
• All economies were bad
• Land was destroyed
• German develop a depression in 1923
• German $ became almost worthless
• Germans were looking for someone to
blame
On Middle East:
• Territory divided among Allies

44. Casualties
• Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1
– 65,038,810
• Total troops dead from all countries in WW1
– 8,556,315
• Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1
– 21,219,452
• Total missing or POWs
– 7,750,945