Ch 1, key issue 1
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Maps are a key tool used by geographers to identify regions and analyze their content. There are different types of maps that serve various purposes and distort representations of locations, distances, sizes, and directions to different degrees depending on their projections. Reference maps show absolute locations and are used for navigation, while thematic maps show relative locations and tell stories about distributions of attributes. Key aspects of maps include their scale, projections, grid system, symbols, and how they can show bias depending on their purpose and construction.
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Human geography is the study of how human activity is spatially organized and how humans interact with their environment. Geographers use tools like maps, geographic information systems, and spatial analysis to understand relationships between location, culture, and the environment. Some key concepts in human geography include place, regions, diffusion, accessibility, and sense of place. Geographers study issues like globalization, development, and environmental concerns at various scales to help solve problems.
The geographer’s tools
Geographers use various tools like globes, maps, and technology to study and represent the Earth. Globes provide a whole spherical view but are not portable, while maps can be scaled and transported but become distorted when flattened. Geographers also employ remote sensing techniques involving satellites and aerial photography as well as geographic information systems to collect, store, and analyze spatial data about the Earth's physical and human features.
Orienteering
Orienteering is an outdoor sport that involves navigating through unfamiliar terrain using a map and compass. It originated in Scandinavia in the late 1800s and came to the US in the 1940s. The goal is to navigate between control points of varying distances, from less than a mile to over 4 miles. Key skills include reading topographic maps, using a compass, pacing distances, navigating with techniques like using beelines or contour lines, and identifying one's location using a grid coordinate system.
Similar to Ch 1, key issue 1 (20)
Exploring our geographic world by tessie calimag bb.
Exploring our geographic world by tessie calimag bb.
Exploring our geographic world by tessie calimag bb.
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An introduction to geographic information systems (gis) m goulbourne 2007
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Unit 1, part 2
This document provides information about geographic terms and features. It begins by asking the reader to identify the continent, country, state/province, county, and city they are from, with these making up different geographic boundaries from largest to smallest. It then defines regions as areas with definable but not fixed boundaries characterized by natural and cultural features. Famous regions mentioned include the Middle East, Central America, and city regions. The document concludes by listing some major global landforms like oceans, mountain ranges, rivers, seas, and deserts; and provides examples like the Pacific Ocean, Andes Mountains, Nile River, Mediterranean Sea, and Sahara Desert.
Unit 1 Vocabulary
This document defines key vocabulary terms related to geography, including the study of geography, regions, longitude, latitude, locations, types of maps, map elements like keys and scale bars, hemispheres, grid systems, and modern mapping tools like GIS and GPS. It provides definitions for basic geographic concepts like physical features, environments, and the tools used to represent and analyze spatial relationships on Earth.
Unit 1, part 1, the study of geography
Geography is the study of Earth's physical features, environments, people, and places. The goals of the world geography class are to appreciate what students have, build self-esteem through learning about culture and history, and have acceptance and empathy for others by striving to understand how people are connected globally and thinking critically about world issues. The class motto is "Knowledge is Power" and the objectives aim to prepare students for college.
Unit 1, part 4, the study of geography, earth
1) The ancient Greeks knew as early as the 3rd century BC that the Earth was round. Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy in the 3rd century BC.
2) Eratosthenes was the first person to use the terms "geography" and "latitude and longitude" to describe locations on Earth. He invented the concept of measuring locations using lines of latitude and longitude.
3) Time zones were established in 1884 to standardize time based on lines of longitude, in order to account for the fact that the sun reaches different places on Earth at different times. There are 24 global time zones, each approximately 15 degrees of longitude wide.
Unit 1, part 3 the study of geography, cartographers' tools
This document discusses cartographers' tools used to understand location and geography. It defines key terms like maps, globes, map projections and mental mapping. It explains different types of maps like political, physical, reference and thematic maps. It also discusses important map elements like keys, scale bars and compass roses. It describes globes and how they represent Earth spheroidally. It notes how geographic information systems (GIS) convert geographic data into digital form to produce maps.
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This document provides instructions to read and take notes on several topics from pages in Chapter 12, including the enclosure movement, Louis Wirth's characteristics of cities, Richard Florida's research, the impact of recession on different scales, the gravity model, urban and rural population numbers, locating a new department store using analog methods, the hierarchy of business services, settlements, and the economic base of settlements. The reader is directed to focus on key details about each topic.
Von Thunen Art Activity
Von Thunen developed an agricultural model to explain land use patterns around a central business district (CBD). His model showed that the cost of renting or purchasing land decreases the farther away from the CBD it is located, due to increased transportation costs of shipping goods to market. While the model provided insights, it made simplifying assumptions and did not account for technological advances or other factors that influence modern agricultural land use. The core principles still apply to some extent, but the model has limited real-world application today.
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The Kurds are an ethnic group that has historically inhabited an area called Kurdistan but are now stateless due to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and creation of new borders by European powers in the 1920s that did not include an independent Kurdistan state. As a result, around 30 million Kurds are divided among Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran and other states where they have faced violence and oppression, including Saddam Hussein's Anfal Campaign against Iraqi Kurds in 1987-88 that killed over 200,000 Kurds.
Sacred space
This document discusses several topics related to religion and sacred spaces:
1. It explains the concept of sacred spaces in religion and how they are important places that hold special meaning and significance. Sacred spaces can be a source of conflict over territory and protection.
2. Religion provides a basis for community identity at various scales, from worldwide religious groups to local congregations. Diaspora religious communities also develop strong attachments to specific territories.
3. Religious laws and beliefs influence public and private spaces through rules governing behavior, holidays, education, and government in some countries. Examples of religious influences on the landscape like places of worship are also provided.
Ch 2, key issue 3 (demographic transition)
The document discusses the demographic transition model, which has 4 stages that describe how population growth changes as countries industrialize. Stage 1 has high birth and death rates, leading to slow growth. Stage 2 sees death rates drop due to improved health, while birth rates remain high, resulting in rapid growth. In Stage 3, birth rates decline as well, slowing growth. Stage 4 has low birth and death rates, with little population growth. The model was developed based on Western Europe's transition from an agricultural to industrial economy. While developing countries saw lower death rates from modern medicine, many did not experience the economic changes that reduce birth rates. Population pyramids graphically represent the age and sex structure of a population and show the impacts of
Choropleth maps & generalization
This document discusses choropleth map generalization and how it can potentially mislead. It compares choropleth maps showing well-being data by state versus congressional district. It also provides examples of choropleth maps with different classification schemes, such as standard deviation, equal number of classes with different class sizes, to demonstrate how generalization can impact the maps.
Chapter 13, key 4 (use with skeletal notes)
Suburbs face distinctive challenges due to their rapid growth in the 20th century. As more people moved to suburbs, urban areas expanded through annexation and the development of edge cities further from downtown cores. This led to issues like infrastructure costs, loss of agricultural land, traffic congestion, and socioeconomic segregation between inner cities and suburbs. Suburbanization also contributed to the decline of public transit systems and increased dependence on personal vehicles for transportation.
World cities pwr pnt
World cities are major control centers for the global economy where critical decision making and interaction take place regarding global issues. The top 10 most populated cities in 1950 were mainly located in Europe and North America, while in 2015 the top 10 cities are more spread out and include several in Asia, Africa, and South America, reflecting shifts in the global economy and population growth. Tokyo has become the most populated city, surpassing both New York and Mumbai.
Review -pwr pnt assignment
The document provides instructions for a test review assignment that requires creating captions for images, labeling key information on each image, and identifying the chapter each image is from. Students are asked if they can apply a geographic model to each image and list 5 vocabulary words from the assigned chapter. They are instructed to use their book as a last resource and try to figure things out as a group first.
Chapter 12, Key 3 by David Palmer
This document provides an overview of key concepts in urban geography including:
1. Urban hierarchy systems with varying levels of cities and towns, where larger cities provide more services than smaller towns and exist at regional, national, and global scales.
2. Central place theory, which models spatial patterns of settlements in a nested hierarchy of market areas to most efficiently serve consumers.
3. The rank-size rule, which states that the second largest city in a system will be half the population of the largest city, and populations decrease with lower ranks.
Chapter 10 key 2
This document summarizes different types of agriculture practiced in less developed countries, including shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism, and intensive subsistence agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves clearing and burning plots of land for temporary agriculture before letting the land lie fallow. Pastoral nomadism involves herding livestock in dry areas. Intensive subsistence agriculture features small, intensively farmed plots used to grow crops like wet rice in Asia to feed families. The future of these agricultural systems is threatened by issues like population growth, urbanization, and commercialization.
Chapter 10 key 4
This chapter discusses various issues relating to agriculture. It covers Von Thünen's model of how distance to market affects crop selection for farmers. Issues for commercial farmers include access to markets, overproduction, and sustainable agriculture practices. Subsistence farmers face challenges from population growth and need to balance food for domestic use versus exports. The document also discusses ways to increase the global food supply, such as the Green Revolution and cultivating new food sources. It identifies regions most at risk for desertification.
Chapter 10 key 1
This document provides an overview of agriculture. It discusses how agriculture began around 10,000 years ago through the deliberate cultivation of plants and domestication of animals. It contrasts hunting and gathering societies with agricultural societies. The document then covers the origins of vegetative and seed-based agriculture in different regions. It discusses the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture. It also maps the global distribution of major agricultural regions and how they correlate with climate zones. Finally, it discusses tools for identifying and protecting productive farmland from urban expansion.
Lee's model and step migration
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
6 Major World Religions
This document provides information on 6 major world religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. It discusses their origins, founders, holy sites, sacred writings, numbers of followers, and core beliefs. Buddhism originated in Nepal, Hinduism in India, Taoism in China, Christianity in Israel, Islam in Mecca, and Judaism in Israel. The religions' founders include Siddhartha Gautama for Buddhism, no single founder for Hinduism, Lao Tzu for Taoism, Jesus Christ for Christianity, Muhammad for Islam, and Abraham for Judaism. Their sacred texts are the Tripitaka, Vedas, Tao Te Ch
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Ch 1, key issue 1
- 2. How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are? Key Issue #1:
- 9. Thematic Map What story about median income in the Washington, DC area is this map telling?
- 13. Grid stuff to know…
- 16. AZIMUTHAL
- 17. Peters
- 18. FULLER
- 19. ROBINSON
- 20. MERCATOR