This chapter introduces the concepts of maps, including their purposes and how they can be manipulated. It discusses the five themes of geography: location, place, region, movement, and human-environmental interaction. It also explains how maps are simplified, scaled, aggregated, and projected in different types like reference, choropleth, proportional symbol, isoline, and dot maps. The chapter aims to illustrate how changing a map's properties can change its message.
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS: CHOROPLETH MAPS.
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS: DOT MAPS. A dot distribution map, or dot density map, is a map type that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or a phenomenon. Dot maps rely on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern.
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS: CHOROPLETH MAPS.
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS: DOT MAPS. A dot distribution map, or dot density map, is a map type that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or a phenomenon. Dot maps rely on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern.
Gives details about maps, projections,their uses and also about data presentation. Made for students for 11th and 12th standard. Also helpful for competitive examinations. This file is made from NCERT books of class 11th and 12th books titled "Practical work in Geography"
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
Presentació realitzada a l'ICC (27/09/2013) en el marc de la conferència magistral, a càrrec del Prof. Georg Gartner, president de l'Associació Cartogràfica Internacional (ICA/ACI)
Gives details about maps, projections,their uses and also about data presentation. Made for students for 11th and 12th standard. Also helpful for competitive examinations. This file is made from NCERT books of class 11th and 12th books titled "Practical work in Geography"
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
Presentació realitzada a l'ICC (27/09/2013) en el marc de la conferència magistral, a càrrec del Prof. Georg Gartner, president de l'Associació Cartogràfica Internacional (ICA/ACI)
Topics:
1. Mapping Concepts
2. Analysis with paper based Maps
3. Limitations of Paper based Maps
4. Computer Aided Cartography History and Development
5. GIS Definition
6. Advantage of Digital Maps
Data Visualization GIS and Maps, The Visualization Process Visualization Strategies: Present or explore? The cartographic toolbox: What kind of data do I have?, How can I map my data? How to map?: How to map qualitative data, How to map quantitative data, How to map the terrain elevation, How to map time series Map Cosmetics, Map Dissemination
Geography is a spatial science and a 'space' has multiple dimensions to describe its characteristics in terms of the habitat, economy and society of man. Therefore, for practical purposes of spatial data analysis, we need to perform sampling techniques to identify units of survey at a certain level of probability of significance.
Utilizing geospatial analysis of U.S. Census data for studying the dynamics o...Toni Menninger
Geographically referenced US census data provide a large amount of information about the extent of urbanization and land consumption. Population count, the number of housing units and their vacancy rates, and demographic and economic parameters such as racial composition and household income, and their change over time, can be examined at different levels of geographic resolution to observe patterns of urban flight, suburbanization, reurbanization, and sprawl. This paper will review the literature on prior application of census data in a geospatial setting. It will identify strengths and weaknesses and address methodological challenges of census-based approaches to the study of urbanization. To this end, a detailed overview of the geographic structure of U.S. Census data and its evolution is provided. Ecological Fallacies and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) are discussed and the Population Weighted Density as a more robust alternative to crude population density is introduced. Of special interest will be literature comparing and/or integrating census data with alternative methodologies, e.g. based on Remote Sensing. The general purpose of this paper is to lay the groundwork for the optimal use of high resolution census data in studying urbanization in the United States.
Keywords
Sprawl, Urban sprawl, City, Population Density, Population Weighted Density, Census, US Census, Census Geographies, Urbanization, Suburbanization, Urban flight, Reurbanization, Land Consumption, Land Use, Land Use Efficiency, LULC, Remote Sensing, Geospatial Analysis, GIS, Growth, Urban Growth, Spatial Distribution of Population, City Limits, Urban Extent, Built Environment, Urban Form, Areal Interpolation, Scale, Spatial Scale, Longitudinal Study, Dasymmetric Mapping, Ecological Fallacy, MAUP, Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, Metrics
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
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https://mavenprofserv.com/comparison-and-highlighting-of-the-key-differences-between-the-mdr-and-ivdr-in-the-eu/
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21. The flow of people, goods, money, ideas, or materials between locations near or far (the fourth theme of geography). Movement The local human and physical characteristics that uniquely define a place and give it meaning to its inhabitants (the second theme of geography). Place An area characterized by similarity or by cohesiveness that sets it apart from other areas (the third theme of geography). The absolute position of something on the surface of the earth and its relative proximity to other related things (the first theme of geography). Location Region
22. The ways in which human society and the natural environment affect each other (the fifth theme of geography). Human-Environmental Interaction The ratio of map distance to earth distance, measured in the same units. Map Scale A systematic method of transferring a spherical surface to a flat map. A two-dimensional graphical representation of the surface of the earth (or of events that occur on the earth). Map Map Projection Elimination of unimportant detail on maps and retention and possibly exaggeration and distortion of important information, depending on the purpose of the map. Simplification
23. The level of detail for dividing a thematic map into geographic units, ranging from a coarse division (e.g., countries) to a fine division (e.g., zip codes). Aggregation A thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable. Dot Map A map that demonstrates a particular feature or a single variable. Thematic Map A thematic map in which the size of a symbol varies in relation to the frequency or intensity of the mapped variable. A general-purpose map that shows recognizable landmarks, roads, and political units. Reference Map Proportional Symbol Map
24. A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value. Isoline Map A thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones. Choropleth Map Information obtained indirectly from another source that was previously collected, processed, and made available to a larger audience. Secondary Data Information collected directly by the researchers or their equipment without any intermediary. This can include surveys, interviews, observations, or measurements obtained in the field. Primary Data
25. A computer hardware and software system that handles geographically referenced data. A ___ uses and produces maps and has the ability to perform many types of spatial analysis. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Explanatory list of symbols in a map. Usually appears in a box in a lower corner. Legend The study of the distribution of humans and their activities on the surface of the earth and of the processes that generate these distributions. Human Geography Information that has a geographical or locational component. Spatial Data
26. True Maps, False Impressions: Making, Manipulating, and Interpreting Maps Chapter 1 Case Study
27. After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Convert map scale to real-world distances. • Recognize choropleth, proportional symbol, isoline, and dot maps. • Recognize that changing the scale and type of a map changes its message. • Understand the difference between changing scale and changing level of aggregation. • Use GIS to change the class limits on a choropleth map. • Describe the geographic distribution of African-Americans in the United States.
30. Spatial Data & GIS • Primary vs. secondary data • Geographic information systems (GIS)
31. Historical Geog. of African Americans • Slave trade 1619-1808 • Emancipation in 1863 • Post-World War I — Northward Migration • Post-1970 Reversal in Migration Flows • Census treatment of race and ethnicity • Race and ethnicity as socially constructed variables
32. Activity 2: Thematic Maps Which format includes more detail? Which format can be read more quickly? Table 1.2 (p. 25) Online Activity