2. What is a map?
• A generalized view of an area, usually
some portion of Earth’s surface, as seen
from above at a greatly reduced size
• Any geographical image of the
environment
• A two-dimensional representation of the
spatial distribution of selected
phenomena
3. What’s on a map?
• Maps have a lot of information, but you
need to know how to read them. There
are several parts to a map which explain
details and help you really see where you
are and where you're going.
4. Why make maps?
• To represent a larger area than we can see
• To show a phenomenon or process we
can’t see with our eyes
• To present information concisely
• To show spatial relationships
5. How do we read maps?
• Maps are selective views of reality
• Size of the map relative to reality
(scale)
• What’s on the map (symbolization)
• Shape of the map (projection)
10. Line Graph
• Used to show
loss or gain or
information
over several
time frames
11. Legend
• Maps often have
symbols to
represent such
features as
highways, small
roads,
campgrounds,
and rest areas.
These symbols
are listed in the
legend.
12. Scale
• Shows the ratio between a unit
of length on a map and a unit of
distance on the earth
13. Scale
►Maps are made to scale; that is, there
is a direct connection between a unit of
measurement on the map and the
actual distance.
►For example, each inch on the map
represents one mile on Earth. So, a
map of a town would show a mile-long
strip of fast food joints and auto
dealers in one inch.
14. Scale
• The scale helps
you measure the
distance
betweeen two
places. When
you know the
distance you can
calculate how
long the trip will
take.
15. Map scale
• Ratio of the distance on the map to the
distance on the ground
• Scale is a fraction
• Larger area covered means larger
denominator
• Larger denominator means smaller
fraction
• So a large-scale map covers a small
area
16. Map scale
• Ratio of the distance on the map to the
distance on the ground
1. Graphic:
• Stays the same when photocopied
• Might not be right for the whole map
18. Map scale
1. Representative fraction or ratio:
1:24,000
• Units don’t matter
• Can change if photocopied
• Ratio of the distance on the map to the
distance on the ground
• Scale is a fraction
19. Map symbolization
• Symbols are a code instead of text
• Three kinds: point, line, area
• Consider shape, size, orientation,
pattern, color, value
20. The World Political
• Political maps show how people have
divided places on the Earth into countries,
states, cities and other units for the
purpose of governing them.
21. The World Physical
• Physical maps show what the surface of
the Earth looks like.
22. Oceans of the World
• The world has four major oceans.
• Atlantic
• Pacific
• Arctic
• Indian
• Southern
Pacifi
c
ocean
Atlanti
c
ocean
Arctic
ocean
Indian
ocean
26. Lines
►Longitude lines run north and south.
►Latitude lines run east and west.
►The lines measure distances in
degrees.
Latitude
Longitude
27. Where is 0 degree?
►The equator is 0 degree latitude.
►It is an imaginary belt that runs
halfway point between the North Pole
and the South Pole.
Equator
28. Where is 0 degree?
►The prime meridian is 0 degrees
longitude. This imaginary line runs through
the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western
Africa, and Antarctica.
P
R
I
M
E
M
E
R
I
D
I
A
N
29.
30. Hemispheres
►By using the equator and prime
meridian, we can divide the
world into four hemispheres,
north, south, east, and west.
33. Compass
►A compass is a tool that helps
the user know what direction
one is headed.
►On a map, a compass or a
compass rose helps the user
locate these directions.
34. Compass Rose
►The needle on a compass is
magnetized to point to the
earth's north magnetic pole.
Thus with a compass, a person
can roughly tell which direction
they are headed.
Source:
35. Directions
►The cardinal directions are north, south,
east, and west.
►The intermediate directions are northeast,
southeast, southwest and northwest.
►They help describe the location of places in
relation to other places.
37. Time Zones
►The Earth is divided into 24 time
zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a
day.
►As the earth rotates, the sun shines in
different areas, moving from east to
west during the course of a day.
►Places that have the same longitude
will be in the same time zone.
38. Map Legends
►The legend is the key to unlocking the
secrets of a map. Objects or colors in the
legend represent something on the map.
Religions
Legend
