Abstract : This paper deals with thethermal and CFD analysis of single basin double slope solar still. The modeling of still is done in solid works software and CFD analysis in ANSYS. CFD analysis for different months of solar irradiance was carried out. Maximum production rate and temperature distribution in the still was analyzed. Keywords: Double slope solar still, CFD analysis, solar irradiance, desalination system.
Need for cooling of an aircraft. types of air-refrigeration system, DART, Advantages of air refrigeration system, Open and closed cycle air refrigeration,
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Lectures on Heat Transfer - Introduction - Applications - Fundamentals - Gove...tmuliya
This file contains Introduction to Heat Transfer and Fundamental laws governing heat transfer.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India.
Air refrigeration systems, Carnot refrigeration cycle, Brayton refrigeration or the Bell-Coleman air refrigeration cycle, Aircraft refrigeration system, Simple air cooling system, Simple air evaporative cooling system, Bootstrap air cooling, Bootstrap air evaporative air cooling, Regenerative air cooling, Reduced ambient air cooling, Comparison of different systems
This file contains slides on One-dimensional, steady state heat conduction without heat generation. The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students.
Topics covered: Plane slab - composite slabs – contact resistance – cylindrical Systems – composite cylinders - spherical systems – composite spheres - critical thickness of insulation – optimum thickness – systems with variable thermal conductivity
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Need for cooling of an aircraft. types of air-refrigeration system, DART, Advantages of air refrigeration system, Open and closed cycle air refrigeration,
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Lectures on Heat Transfer - Introduction - Applications - Fundamentals - Gove...tmuliya
This file contains Introduction to Heat Transfer and Fundamental laws governing heat transfer.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India.
Air refrigeration systems, Carnot refrigeration cycle, Brayton refrigeration or the Bell-Coleman air refrigeration cycle, Aircraft refrigeration system, Simple air cooling system, Simple air evaporative cooling system, Bootstrap air cooling, Bootstrap air evaporative air cooling, Regenerative air cooling, Reduced ambient air cooling, Comparison of different systems
This file contains slides on One-dimensional, steady state heat conduction without heat generation. The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students.
Topics covered: Plane slab - composite slabs – contact resistance – cylindrical Systems – composite cylinders - spherical systems – composite spheres - critical thickness of insulation – optimum thickness – systems with variable thermal conductivity
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The use of solar energy for water desalination becomes vital for sustainable water supply.
This paper aims to analyze the experimental behavior of double slope solar theoretically still
(DSSS). In this work, we proposed a theoretical model that can predict the DSSS performance. The
theoretical results of temperatures and the impact of wind speed on water production are in good
agreement with experimental findings. It is found that the temperature augments with augmenting the wind speed until a critical value, where the temperature starts to drop. In addition, water
production increases with increasing speed. In this way, we determined the optimum wind speed
to have maximum water production with minimum energy consumption simultaneously. The validation of the theoretical model allows us to predict the DSSS production under different climatic
conditions and to scale DSSS dimensions according to the need of water. The salinity of the water
is not a determining factor in its production. The production at 4.2 kWh/m2 daily insolation was
0.58 L/d. The volume of distilled water reaches a maximum value (62.3% efficiency) when glass
and environment temperatures are similar. This phenomenon occurs at 5.5 m/s wind speed
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF A PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL ASSISTED SOLAR STILLIAEME Publication
A Solar still is a simple device, which is used to produce drinking water using energy of sun. Its low productivity is of great concern. Lauric acid is used as energy storage medium in the solar still to produce drinking water in the off sunshine hours. To examine the effects of use of PCM in the solar still for same total daily solar intensity on energy and exergy efficiency, experiments were carried out on two similar double slope solar still at Allahabad (250 28ꞌN, 810 54ꞌE) U.P. India. PCM is used in one of the still for the purpose of comparison with conventional still. It is observed that the exergy efficiency increases by 40% when lauric acid is used as energy storage medium in the solar still.
Thermal modelling and performance study of modified double slope solar stilleSAT Journals
Abstract
Solar distillation is a process of producing purified drinking water from brackish water by using the heat of solar radiation as the
feed to evaporate the impure water which on condensation gives the pure water. It is independent of electricity, a major portion of
which is generated from fossil fuel causing environmental pollution and relies completely on renewable source of energy like
solar radiation, thus making it environment friendly.
In this paper a modified double slope solar still (modified DSSS) has been designed by using Transparent Acrylic and opaque
Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) as its body material with two toughened glass covers. The basin and north wall of modified DSSS
have been made by using FRP of thickness (0.005 m), whereas, its three sides (East, West and South walls) are made of
transparent Acrylic sheet of thickness (0.003 m) equivalent to that of FRP for the same heat loss, which results in increased input
solar radiation inside the solar still and improved performance but with low cost.
It is evident that, the inside space of solar still is filled with air and vapour molecules which can come in contact with inner
surfaces of walls and glass covers. The vapour molecules close to the walls strike it due to molecular collisions and stick to it to
release its heat for phase change from vapour to liquid during condensation process. Hence, five troughs (distillate collecting
channels) have been placed at inside surfaces of all its walls and glass covers. The yield has been collected from all the sides of
the solar still except north wall which acts heat absorber. The molecules which come in contact with north wall get additional
heat from it and get evaporated.
In this paper, a thermal model has been developed to predict theoretically the performance of MDSSS for the climatic condition of
MNNIT, Allahabad, India on 22nd May 2014. Expressions for water and glass temperatures and hourly yield for the modified
double slope solar distillation system have been derived analytically. It has been found that the total yield obtained from the
MDSSS in a period of 24 hour is 16 Kg of purified water from 25 Kg of brackish water which is about twice of that obtained from
conventional solar stills. Also the effect of solar radiation on the productivity of solar still has been analyzed.
Keywords: Equivalent Thickness, Molecular Collision, Double Slope Solar Still, Yield
Time-dependent hydraulic conductivity during secondary consolidation of clayinventionjournals
Secondary consolidation occurs when excess pore pressure has dissipated in saturated compressible clay soils subjected to increased effective stress by the application of external loads. This paper provides time-dependent formulas for the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity during secondary consolidation. The formulas express the hydraulic conductivity and the porosity in terms of the void ratio during secondary consolidation. The intervening functional coefficients are obtainable from 1-D consolidation testing. An example illustrates the application of this paper’s results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A SOLAR STILL USING LAURIC ACID AS A ENERGY S...IAEME Publication
The solar still is a simple device used for obtaining fresh water for small scale demand. Due to intermittent nature of solar energy, solar still s are not continuous in nature. To make them operative for non-sunshine hours energy storage
mediums are used. In the present work an attempt has been made to utilize the energy storage capacity of Lauric acid to enhance the performance of solar still. Experiments were carried out on single basin double slope solar still in the premises of SHIATS, Allahabad in the month of February. It is observed that the nocturnal distillate output is increased by more than 17% when Lauricacid is used as energy storage medium.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation SystemIOSRJMCE
The alternative energy sources are new option in front of world to overcome energy crisis and pollution related issues. The solar energy, wind energy and bio mass are three major sources and out of these three energy sources solar energy is the easiest source to extract useful energy because the wind energy can be useful particularly in coastal area where there is high wind velocity and energy extraction bio mass needs either chemical conversion or thermo chemical conversion process. The objective of present work is to developed solar distillation system consists of wax as phase change material to improve the thermal performance.
Similar to CFD Analysis of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still (20)
The effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes on thermalmechanical performanc...journal ijrtem
The new approaches for preparing nanocomposite coating by modificated carbon nanonotubes
(CNTs) and epoxy resin was done in the study. thermal-mechanical performance of nanocomposite coating was
investigated and the results were reported in this paper. The physic-chemical techniques such as Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal
performance of Epoxy nanocomposite coating. The test techniques for mechanical properties of paint coating as
adhesion, hardness, impact resistance and bending strength were employed in the work. The results indicated
that CNTs were dispersed in epoxy coating with only ratio of 0.1 wt% enhanced the Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature of epoxy coating and improved mechanical properties
significantly. Also functionalized CNTs can be reinforced thermal-mechanical of the epoxy coating better than
neat CNTs.
Development Issues and Problems of Selected Agency in Sorsogon, An investigat...journal ijrtem
: The study venture on the developing issues and problems of selected agency in the province of
Sorsogon with an end-view of identifying solution towards achieving effective delivery of services to the
public. The agencies covered by the study are the employers of the students enrolled in Public Administration
512 subject in the graduate school program of the Sorsogon State College 1st semester SY 2016. Guided by a
structured matrix questionnaire and checklist, the class spearheaded by the assigned focal person per
identified respondent-agency conducted a focus group discussion covering sequentially the issues and
problems besetting the organization. It likewise pursued how does it affects the management & performance of
the office and ultimately identifying possible solutions out of the issues and problems. Result revealed that
most pressing problems and issues of the selected agency in the province of Sorsogon covers; (a) understaffed,
(b) poor communication, (c) poor implementation of the policy, and (d) poor performance feedback
mechanism in the system
Positive and negative solutions of a boundary value problem for a fractional ...journal ijrtem
: In this work, we study a boundary value problem for a fractional
q, -difference equation. By
using the monotone iterative technique and lower-upper solution method, we get the existence of positive or
negative solutions under the nonlinear term is local continuity and local monotonicity. The results show that we
can construct two iterative sequences for approximating the solutions
Organic foods refer to products that are grown naturally or produced by methods that comply
with the standards of organic farming. They are not only environmentally friendly, they are also healthy. Many
people believe organic foods are healthier than conventional food. Today, organic foods have become very
popular and everyone wants to know about their benefits. This paper provides a brief introduction on organic
foods and their pros and cons.
Molecular computers are systems in which molecules or macromolecules individually mediate
information processing functions. Molecular computing provides an alternative to computing using silicon
integrated circuits. It aims at developing intelligent computers using biological molecules as computational
devices. It is a promising means of unconventional computation owing to its capability for massive parallelism.
It offers to augment digital computing with biology-like capabilities. This paper provides a brief introduction to
molecular computing.
Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and deployment of Internet technologies
in manufacturing. This includes using machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments to help
manufacturers implement increased automation, improved communication and process monitoring. This trend
of Industry 4.0 (sometimes referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution) affects most processes and people
throughout society. This paper provides a brief introduction to Industry 4.0.
With mounting concerns over the state of our planet, there is continuing demand that chemists
and chemical engineers should develop greener chemical processes and products. In the 1990s, with the
growing awareness of the hazardous impacts of the chemical industry, the green chemistry revolution was
launched by American chemists Paul T. Anastas and John Warner. Green chemistry is the kind of chemistry that
seeks to minimize pollution, conserve energy, and promote environmentally friendly production. This paper
provides a brief introduction to green chemistry
Rural Livelihood and Food Security: Insights from Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari Di...journal ijrtem
Food security is the foremost need of every human society. It is a fundamental right and
government responsibility but still food insecurity is prevalent in rural areas of least developed nations. To cope
with food insecurity, undertaking diverse income generating activities is common as well as key strategy adopted
by rural people. The objective of this study is to assess rural livelihood and food security status of a remote island
named Srilanka Tapu of Sunsari district. A random sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 40
rural household heads using semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive methods were used for analyzing. The
findings revealed that the food security situation of the Tapu is insecure. Most basic infrastructures and social
services needed for people livelihood such as road, electricity sufficient food availability, education, healthcare,
sanitation, etc. were found to be extremely poor. Most of the households are small scale farmers involving
themselves in diverse livelihood activities which are mostly temporary, low-skilled and low paying. However,
people are fulfilling their food needs at every cost but are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. Also, their lives
security is equally vulnerable because of disastrous Koshi River flooding which occurs every year in the Tapu.
The findings therefore critically suggest that food security of remote and vulnerable human settlements should be
at top priority in policy formulation and implementation level. The study also recommends a need for an in-depth
research for making evidence based policy interventions for improvement of diversify rural livelihood along with
sustainable environment
Augmented Tourism: Definitions and Design Principlesjournal ijrtem
After designing and implementing several iterations of implantations of augmented reality(AR) in
tourism, this paper takes a deep look into design principles and implementation strategies of using AR at
destination tourism settings. The study looks to define augmented tourism from past implementations as well as
several cases uses designed and implemented for tourism. The discussion leads to formation of frameworks and
best practices for AR as well as virtual reality(VR) to be used in tourism settings. Some main affordances include
guest autonomy, customized experiences, visitor data collection and increased electronic word-of-mouth
generation for promotion purposes. Some challenges found include the need for high levels of technology
infrastructure, low adoption rates or ‘buy-in’ rates, high levels of calibration and customization, and the need for
maintenance and support services. Some suggestions are given as to how to leverage the affordances and meet
the challenges to implementing AR for tourism
A study on financial aspect of supply chain management journal ijrtem
The more common approaches used in the SCM consider only the physical logistic operations
and ignore the financial aspects of the supply chain. The main objective to incorporate financial aspects in
supply chain management is to strengthen managerial decisions concerning financial flows in supply chains,
while empirical knowledge about financial supply chain management (FSCM) is in its early stages. This paper
presents a model for FSCM which financial planning in addition to operation planning is decided in it. The
main contribution of this paper is to define two approaches for Financial Supply Chain Management and to
compare them. This financial approaches are: Traditional financial approach and new financial approach.
Traditional financial approach integrates physical goods flows and financial flows. New financial approach
considers in making decisions other financial indicators such as market to book value, liquidity ratios, capital
structure ratios, and return on equity, sales margin, turnover ratios and stock security ratios, among others.
Moreover, the new approach applies the change in equity instead of the traditional approach measures of profit
as the objective function to be maximized in the presented model. To show the attributes of the presented
approaches, the results of the new approach and the traditional approach is compared. The findings indicate
that the traditional approach leads to lower change in equity compared to the financial approach. Also, the
results clearly reveal the better improvement of using the new approach over the traditional approach, and
convince the decision makers to take advantage of the new approach
Existence results for fractional q-differential equations with integral and m...journal ijrtem
This paper concerns a new kind of fractional q-differential equation of arbitrary order by
combining a multi-point boundary condition with an integral boundary condition. By solving the equation which
is equivalent to the problem we are going to investigate, the Green’s functions are obtained. By defining a
continuous operator on a Banach space and taking advantage of the cone theory and some fixed-point theorems,
the existence of multiple positive solutions for the BVPs is proved based on some properties of Green’s functions
and under the circumstance that the continuous functions f satisfy certain hypothesis. Finally, examples are
provided to illustrate the results.
The following Project shows the benefits of a research established into a multi-products
warehouse belongs to an automotive industry supplier. The main goal was applied a tool recognizing the rules
for distribution and material storage. Once the research was completed, the benefits were, the idle times
reduction per hours/week by the two initial processes. The politics for storage assignment and location, propose
a system to improve the space into this areain order to avoid material management and flow issues. It is
important to mention, the system proposed could be applied into warehouses with storage size and space
restricted by sorting area, also different material types, production settings and physical specifications for
which set warehouses with traditional management of distribution without slack, involves lack of materials,
pieces without records, incorrect location assigned, stock error.
Study of desalination processes of seawater from the desalination plant of La...journal ijrtem
: The use of water for food purposes requires excellent physicochemical quality. To contribute to
the control of water quality. Water treated by reverse osmosis is aggressive and demineralize can not be used
directly as a source of drinking water. The objective of this work is to study, physics-chemical analyzes of raw
water, pretreated osmosis and treated (permeate) and produced water (reservoir) at the desalination plant of
seawater Laayoune (SDL), located in southern Morocco. For this, we have followed several qualitative
parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity.
Effect of Cash Management on The Financial Performance of Cooperative Banks i...journal ijrtem
This paper analyses the effect of cash management on the financial performance of cooperatives
banks in Rwanda. A descriptive research design was used. The population comprised of 148 employees of ZIGMA
CSS from which a sample of 108 employees was determined using Solvirn and Yemen’s formula. Data was
collected from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and document analysis. Data was
presented using frequency tables from which analysis was made. A multi regression analysis was used to analyse
relationship between the variables. The results from the survey revealed that ZIGMA CSS uses various cash
management techniques in the cash management. The results further revealed a strong relationship between cash
management and financial performance of ZIGMA CSS. The study concludes that cash management is a key tool
in the financial management of the banks since cash forms the biggest asset of the bank. Cooperatives banks
should ensure that they develop policies in effective cash management.
Technical expertise on the cause of engine failure of the Mitsubishi Pajero S...journal ijrtem
The article concerns the case of the damage to the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport engine and the
methodology a technical expert applied to identify a direct cause of failure. The engine failure occurred while a
vehicle was being repaired to eliminate air conditioning malfunction and engine overheating. When repairing, it
was necessary to replace a cylinder head and the pistons were checked removing the pully from a crank shaft.
After the repair had been completed and after 16-day vehicle operation, engine timing belts got damaged. To
eliminate this malfunction, damaged belts were replaced. Thirty (30) days after the vehicle had been put into
operation, emergency engine failure occurred, and a technical expert was called upon to assess the quality of the
repairs having been performed. The article describes the procedures and methodology a technical expert applied.
In the conclusion, the findings are stated. To determine the cause, a vehicle was on the car service station
premises, where a technical expert was present and according to his instructions, diagnostic and subsequent
disassembly works have been done. The procedure of evaluating the key characteristics on individual parts, their
display, and the resulting evaluation are described.
Clustering based Time Slot Assignment Protocol for Improving Performance in U...journal ijrtem
Recently, numerous approaches have been proposed for designing medium access control (MAC)
in underwater acoustic networks (UANs). Some of those works tried to adapt MAC protocols proposed for
terrestrial networks. However, unique environmental characteristics of UANs make the MAC protocols hard to be
used in the UANs and degrade network performance. In order to improve network performance, COD-TS MAC
protocol was proposed. COD-TS focuses on both single hop and multi-hop mode and utilizes CDMA for
exchanging schedule information between cluster heads. COD-TS has shortcomings such as collisions, additional
energy consumption by exchanging schedule information and near-far effect of CDMA. To overcome above
shortcomings, we propose a clustering-based time slot assignment protocol. In the proposed protocol, nodes are
clustered, and each cluster head performs two-hop neighbor cluster discovery operation. And then, a cluster head
obtains its own relative position information. Finally, the cluster head assigns its own time slot for data
transmission based on the information. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has always better
performance compared to the COD-TS.
Design and Implementation of Smart Bell Notification System using IoT journal ijrtem
Smart phones have become part of our daily life. People using smart phones have increased
rapidly. The proposed paper is to provide a security system that combines the functions of smart phone and home
network system. It enables the users to check the image of the visitor who is present at the door. It also saves all
the images in their drive. We send an alert message to the Owner whenever the doorbell is pressed. Furthermore,
the owner can call to the visitor with the help of our app. We are also providing a link in the SMS sent so that it
redirects the user to the app
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...journal ijrtem
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations.
However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8
g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and
marine influence by aerosol.
The case of a cyclist and tractor traffic accident journal ijrtem
When assessing the cause of a traffic accident, it is also necessary for the technical expert to
take into account the real influences that affect individual participants. This is especially important for accidents
in which one of the participants is cyclist. Technical expert must consider all the circumstances necessary to
assess the cyclist´s behavior. Negligible is not even the age of a cyclist, since in the case of a child or an old man
the driver overtaking bicycle should take this into consideration. The article deals with case of traffic accident
between tractor with the trailer and a bicycle which was riding by cyclist at the age of 80. Apart from the described
procedure by expert in the calculations, the influences on participants' behavior are also discussed
: This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing
of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode
or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have
made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a
mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the
traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
CFD Analysis of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
1. Invention Journal of Research Technology in Engineering & Management (IJRTEM)
ISSN: 2455-3689
www.ijrtem.com Volume 1 Issue 2 ǁ March. 2016 ǁ PP 01-05
| Volume 1| Issue 2 | www.ijrtem.com | March 2016| 1 |
CFD Analysis of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
C. Uma Maheswari1
, B. Vinodh Reddy2
, A. Navya Sree2
, A, Vishnuvardhan Reddy2
, A. Siva
Prasad Reddy2
, C. Raghu Ram Prasad2
, B. Harish Kumar Varma2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh,
India.
Abstract : This paper deals with thethermal and CFD analysis of single basin double slope solar still. The modeling of still is done in
solid works software and CFD analysis in ANSYS. CFD analysis for different months of solar irradiance was carried out.
Maximum production rate and temperature distribution in the still was analyzed.
Keywords: Double slope solar still, CFD analysis, solar irradiance, desalination system.
1. Introduction
A lot of technology research work has been carried out on analysis of double slope solar still on their performance.In 2008
KalidasaMurugavel, K., et al.,[1].Developed the Progresses in Improving the Effectiveness of the Single Basin Passive Solar Still and
Thermal analysis was performed. In 2004 Singh, H. N., Tiwari, G. N., [2] did the Monthly Performance of Passive and Active Solar
Stills for Different Indian Climatic Conditions, depending upon the irradiance of the still. In the year 2004Eduardo Rubio, Fernandez,
J. L., Porta-Gandara, M. A.,[3]. Didthe Modellingof Thermal Asymmetries in Double Slope Solar Stills. In year 2000El-Sebaii, A. A.,
et al.[4] ,did the Year-Round Performance of a Modified Single-Basin Solar Still with Mica Plate as a Suspended Absorber, Energy, In
the year 2011[5]. KalidasaMurugavel, K., Srithar, K.[5], did the Performance Study on Basin Type Double Slope Solar Still with
Different Wick Materials and Minimum Mass of Water. The previous works dealt about the modeling and thermal analysis of still.
Main purpose of this work is to perform the CFD analysis of Double slope solar still.
2. Experimental Setup and Procedure
A single basin double slope solar still has been designed.The overall dimensions of the still is 2.3 m x 1 m x0.25 m.The
bottom and sides walls of the solar still is fabricated with mild steel of 5mm thickness. The top of the still is covered with glass plates
of 5mm thickness, inclined at 300
. Solar distillation of water is effected by introducing brackish or salt water in an air tight assembly
whose interiors are painted black. The top of the assembly is covered with an A-tent roof of a material which allows solar radiation to
pass through it, but does not let thermal radiation (emanating from interiors including the water mass) from going out. At the end of
the roof, a V-trough is provided at each of the sides for collecting distilled water. The whole unit is kept in the open in the sun. The
solar radiation passes through the top cover, gets absorbed predominantly by the blackened surface and also to some extent by the
water mass. As a result, the evaporation of water takes place filling the inside air with water vapour and leaving the salts behind. The
inside humidity increases and the condensation takes place on the underside of the top cover, which is sloped gently on both sides to
allow condensed water to trickle down into the U-troughs. A schematic diagram of a single basin double slope solar still is shown in
Figure.1
Fig 1 Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
This way of distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. Still has a top cover made of a transparent material, i.e., glass,
and the interior surface of its base is blackened to enable absorption of solar energy to the maximum possible extent. The glass cover
allows solar radiation to pass into the still. Here the radiation is mostly absorbed by the blackened basin at the base.
2. CFD Analysis Of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
| Volume 1| Issue 2 | www.ijrtem.com | March 2016| 2 |
The water begins to heat up and the moisture content of the air, trapped between the water surface and the glass cover,
increases. The base also radiates energy in the infra-red region, which is reflected back into the still by the glass cover, so trapping g
the solar energy inside the still. Heated water vapour evaporates from the basin and condenses on the inside surface of the glass cover.
Condensed water trickles down the inclined glass cover to an interior collection trough, placed at the lower edges of the cover to
collect the distillate.
3. Numerical Analysis
3.1 Modeling
Fig 2 Assembly of Double slope solar still
The above figure 2 shows the model of double slope solar still. The double slope solar still has been modeled in Solidworks.
The still consists of the parts like container, basin, left glass plate, right glass plate and collectors on both the sides of the still are
modelled as per the dimensions.
After completion of the part modelling, open the assembly document in the Solid works. In that assembly go to insert, browse
the existing parts for assembly. By using some mates like coincide, parallel, perpendicular, the parts can assembled as per the
dimensions.
3.2 Meshing
ANSYS ICEM CFD meshing technologies provide physics preferences that help to automate the meshing process. For an
initial design, a mesh (Tetrahedral) can often be generated in batch with an initial solution run to locate regions of interest. Further
refinement can then be made to the mesh to improve the accuracy of the solution. There are physics preferences for structural, fluid,
explicit simulations. By setting physics preferences, the software adapts to more logical defaults in the meshing.
Fig 3 ICEM CFD of Air Domain
Fig 4ICEM CFD of Left glass plate Fig 5 ICEM CFD of Right glass plate
3. CFD Analysis Of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
| Volume 1| Issue 2 | www.ijrtem.com | March 2016| 3 |
Initially, IGES files of air domain, left glass and right glass of double slope solar still can be imported to Ansys. The domain
is meshed by using ICEMCFD with tetrahedral elements and the global element scale factor 1. In the mesh generation 35362 nodes,
170791 elements are generated. Near the wall of the solar still the elements were created so as to capture the fine boundary layers.
Patch dependent method is used for meshing. After application of smoothing the mesh quality of 0.3 was obtained.
4. Boundary Conditions
Mesh files of solar still are imported to the CFX Pre. In CFX Pre, physics and boundary conditions are applied on the domain
to solve the mass and momentum equation. A two phase domain is created in the frame work for liquid water and air.
Evaporation process is modeled as laminar at quasi steady, accounting for thermal energy heat transfer while considering the effects of
bouncy. A distinct interface between solid and liquid phases exists, hence both phases are continuous. To transfer heat, conservative
interface flux is taken for solid and liquid phases. For drop formation on the condensing cover platesadhesion forces are taken. All
sides are assumed to be thermal, free slip wall boundary condition is specified for both the phase
5. Results and discussions
5.1 Theoretical results:
Fig 6 Overall production of the still
The above figure 6 shows the overall production of the still for different months of the year. The still delivers around 4 L/day
of water in March and November for remaining months the still production varies between 3 to 4 L/day. In March, the solar energy
received and transmitted by the covers are higher and hence the production is also higher. In November the production rate is higher
due to lower atmospheric temperature variation and lower wind velocity. In May and July, the energy received and transmitted by the
covers is minimum.
5.2 Numerical results
5.2.1 Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations
The performance of solar still depends upon the glass cover angle, depth of water, fabricationmaterials, temperature of water
in the basin and insulation thickness which could be modified for improving the performance. Hence, computational fluid dynamic
simulation approach is adopted to analyze the effect of different temperature distributions for air and water on the rate of evaporation
to obtain the maximum yield. In evaporation water phase change takes pace which is very difficult to model mathematically. The
complicated thermal relationship involved in the phase change of water from liquid to gas phase is accurately solved by using CFD.
CFD CFX 14.0 is used for numerical analysis to determine the temperature distribution and volume fraction.
5.2.2 Temperature distribution:
Fig 7 Air temperature distribution Fig 8 Water temperature distribution
0
3.1605468L/day
3.829245L/day
3.13544L/day
[VALUE]L/day
[VALUE]L/day
[VALUE]L/day
OVERALLPRODUCTIONRATE
L/DAY
MONTH
4. CFD Analysis Of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
| Volume 1| Issue 2 | www.ijrtem.com | March 2016| 4 |
7&8 shows the results of simulation runs 300
C to 600
C with 10
C rise in intervals. The water in the still starts warming due to
heat supplied from the bottom. Water in the system vaporizes. Temperature difference between water and glass leads to vapour
condensation .due to the temperature source applied at the bottom non uniform temperature distribution is generated inthe domain.
5.2.3 Water Volume Fraction
Fig 9 water volume fraction on right glass plate Fig 10 water volume fraction inside the solar still
Fig 9, 10 shows that the condensed water droplets on the glass as the water heated. The water temperature is higher than the glass
cover temperature. Temperature difference between water vapour and glass leads to vapour condensation on the glass surface. For
drop formation on condensing cover adhesion forces are taken into account. Droplets slip down and get collected in the trace collector
on the left side as shown in figure 10.
It is obvious that gas and liquid phase are completely apart and their interface is distinct. As shown in figures 8, 9 and 10
Liquid is seen at the different positions. When the salivated water is heated water gets evaporated ad converted into water vapour
which is condensed to obtain potable water in liquid state. ANSYS CFX gives the volume fraction of air and water which is divided
by evaporation area to obtain the amount of fresh water produced. It other words the amount of water evaporated is equal to the
amount of water condensed. The same amount of water is collected in the collectors as shown in the diagrams.
6. Comparison of Results
Fig 11 overall production rate for different months
The above figure 11 will represent about the overall production rate of the still by using experimental and numerical results.
The production rate will vary from month to month such that it is maximum in March and November in both the cases and minimum
in the month of September
7. Conclusion
In this work, a single basin double slope solar still was modelled by using solid works and CFD analysis is carried out using
ANSYS. Theoretical models were used to predict the year round performance of the solar still. ASHRAE radiation model and
meteorological data for the local place are used to estimate the irradiances received at the covers in different months. The production
rate variations for different months have been studied as a function of local time. In November and March the variations are steeper.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
january march may july september november
overallproductionrate
month
overall production rate in L/day
experimental numerical
5. CFD Analysis Of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
| Volume 1| Issue 2 | www.ijrtem.com | March 2016| 5 |
Similarly the time for maximum production rate is also different for different months. This is due to variations in irradiance incidence
on the covers, atmospheric temperature and wind velocity. The overall production is higher in March and November and it is around 4
L/day. The average production of the still is 2.0 L/day/m2. The behavior of phase change and temperature distribution is observed due
to evaporation. The temperature of water obtained by CFX and the production rate is compared with the available data.
8. Nomenclature
Sun declination δ=23.45*sin(360*(n+284)/365) in degrees
Hour angle W=15*(12-LT) in degrees
Hourly direct irradiance Ib=B*sin α*exp(-C/sin α) in watt/m2
Hourly diffuse irradiance Id=D*Ibn in watt/m2
Hourly global irradiance I=Ib+Id in watt/m2
Monthly mean hourly diffuse irradiance Ibd=0.15*Id*(1+cos(β)) in watt/m2
Monthly mean hourly direct irradiance Ibb=(I-Id)*cosθ/sin α in watt/m2
Monthly mean ground reflections Ig-r=I*ρ*0.5*(1-cos(β)) in watt/m2
Global irradiance IB=Ibd+ Ibb+ Ig-r in watt/m2
North cover Qtn=Tn*Agn*In in watt/m2
South cover Qts=Ts*Ags*Is in watt/m2
Evaporation heat transfer Qe,w-g=He,w-g*Aw*(Tw-Tg) in watt
He,w-g=0.0162*hc,w-g*((Pw-Pg)/(Tw-Tg)) in watt/m2
Production of still Mw-c=Qe,wg(t)/hfg in lt/day
References
[1]. KalidasaMurugavel, K., et al., Progresses in Improving the Effectiveness of the Single Basin Passive Solar Still, Desalination, 220 (2008),
1-3, pp. 677–686
[2]. Singh, H. N., Tiwari, G. N., Monthly Performance of Passive and Active Solar Stills for Different Indian Climatic Conditions, Desalination,
168 (2004), 15, pp. 145-150
[3]. Eduardo Rubio, Fernandez, J. L., Porta-Gandara, M. A., Modelling Thermal Asymmetries in Double Slope Solar Stills, Renewable Energy,
29 (2004), 6, pp. 895-906
[4] El-Sebaii, A. A., et al., Year-Round Performance of a Modified Single-Basin Solar Still with Mica Plate as a Suspended Absorber, Energy,
25(2000), 1, pp. 35-49
[5]. KalidasaMurugavel, K., Srithar, K., Performance Study on Basin Type Double Slope Solar Still with Different Wick Materials and
Minimum Mass of Water, Renewable Energy, 36 (2011), 2, pp. 612-620
[6]. KalidasaMurugavel, K., et al., Experimental Analysis on Variation of Transmittance of Different Thickness Window Glasses at Different
Solar Insolation Conditions, 3rd BSME-ASME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, B. A. 048
(2006),http://bsmeicte2012.iutoicdhaka.edu/proceedings/3rd-bsme-asme-icte-indexret-.html
[7]. ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, Geo., USA,
1985
[8]. Parishwad, G. V., et al., Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation for India, Renewable Energy, 12 (1997), pp. 303-313
[9]. KalidasaMurugavel, K., et al., Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still with Minimum Basin Depth and Energy Storing Materials, Applied
Energy, 87 (2010), 2, pp. 514-523
![Invention Journal of Research Technology in Engineering & Management (IJRTEM)
ISSN: 2455-3689
www.ijrtem.com Volume 1 Issue 2 ǁ March. 2016 ǁ PP 01-05
| Volume 1| Issue 2 | www.ijrtem.com | March 2016| 1 |
CFD Analysis of Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
C. Uma Maheswari1
, B. Vinodh Reddy2
, A. Navya Sree2
, A, Vishnuvardhan Reddy2
, A. Siva
Prasad Reddy2
, C. Raghu Ram Prasad2
, B. Harish Kumar Varma2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh,
India.
Abstract : This paper deals with thethermal and CFD analysis of single basin double slope solar still. The modeling of still is done in
solid works software and CFD analysis in ANSYS. CFD analysis for different months of solar irradiance was carried out.
Maximum production rate and temperature distribution in the still was analyzed.
Keywords: Double slope solar still, CFD analysis, solar irradiance, desalination system.
1. Introduction
A lot of technology research work has been carried out on analysis of double slope solar still on their performance.In 2008
KalidasaMurugavel, K., et al.,[1].Developed the Progresses in Improving the Effectiveness of the Single Basin Passive Solar Still and
Thermal analysis was performed. In 2004 Singh, H. N., Tiwari, G. N., [2] did the Monthly Performance of Passive and Active Solar
Stills for Different Indian Climatic Conditions, depending upon the irradiance of the still. In the year 2004Eduardo Rubio, Fernandez,
J. L., Porta-Gandara, M. A.,[3]. Didthe Modellingof Thermal Asymmetries in Double Slope Solar Stills. In year 2000El-Sebaii, A. A.,
et al.[4] ,did the Year-Round Performance of a Modified Single-Basin Solar Still with Mica Plate as a Suspended Absorber, Energy, In
the year 2011[5]. KalidasaMurugavel, K., Srithar, K.[5], did the Performance Study on Basin Type Double Slope Solar Still with
Different Wick Materials and Minimum Mass of Water. The previous works dealt about the modeling and thermal analysis of still.
Main purpose of this work is to perform the CFD analysis of Double slope solar still.
2. Experimental Setup and Procedure
A single basin double slope solar still has been designed.The overall dimensions of the still is 2.3 m x 1 m x0.25 m.The
bottom and sides walls of the solar still is fabricated with mild steel of 5mm thickness. The top of the still is covered with glass plates
of 5mm thickness, inclined at 300
. Solar distillation of water is effected by introducing brackish or salt water in an air tight assembly
whose interiors are painted black. The top of the assembly is covered with an A-tent roof of a material which allows solar radiation to
pass through it, but does not let thermal radiation (emanating from interiors including the water mass) from going out. At the end of
the roof, a V-trough is provided at each of the sides for collecting distilled water. The whole unit is kept in the open in the sun. The
solar radiation passes through the top cover, gets absorbed predominantly by the blackened surface and also to some extent by the
water mass. As a result, the evaporation of water takes place filling the inside air with water vapour and leaving the salts behind. The
inside humidity increases and the condensation takes place on the underside of the top cover, which is sloped gently on both sides to
allow condensed water to trickle down into the U-troughs. A schematic diagram of a single basin double slope solar still is shown in
Figure.1
Fig 1 Single Basin Double Slope Solar Still
This way of distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. Still has a top cover made of a transparent material, i.e., glass,
and the interior surface of its base is blackened to enable absorption of solar energy to the maximum possible extent. The glass cover
allows solar radiation to pass into the still. Here the radiation is mostly absorbed by the blackened basin at the base.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aa0230105-180129104235/85/CFD-Analysis-of-Single-Basin-Double-Slope-Solar-Still-1-320.jpg)
