Cervical vertebrae anatomy and pathology

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This document discusses cervical spine pathology and injuries. It covers the anatomy of the cervical vertebrae and joints. It then describes three common types of cervical spine injuries: fractures, subluxations, and dislocations. It notes how the mechanism of injury relates to whether the injury is stable or unstable. Key cervical injuries mentioned include odontoid fractures, facet dislocations, and atlanto-occipital dislocations.

Health & Medicine

CERVICAL SPINE
PATHOLOGY
DR. PRAMOD NAGURE

Cervical vetebrae
1st vertebrae
2nd vertebrae
7th vertebrae

Vertebrae prominance
Only cervical vertebrae
whose spinous process is
not Bifid

Anterior vertebral line
Posterior vertebral line
Spinal laminar line
Line across the spinous process

1. Disc spaces
2. Facet joints
3. Interspinous distances

1. Subluxation
2. Distraction
3. Dislocation

• Distraction with variable flexion and
extension
• Disruption of tentorial, apical, alar
ligaments
• Severe neurological deficits, often with
multi trauma

Axial load on straight C- spine
Force: Vertex → Occipital condyles → Lateral masses
of 𝐶1

$• 4 part fracture 2 anterior arch fractures 2 posterior arch fractures • Decompressive fracture$

$<4 part fracture Asymmetrical axial load Rupture of Transverse ligament Radical displacement of fragments 𝐶1 𝐶2 subluxation Rule of Spence Unstable$

$Sub mental knot Forceful Hyper extension Bilateral 𝐶2 arch fracture and anterior sub luxation of 𝐶2 on 𝐶3$

$• Bilateral Pars fracture • No angulation • No significant translation • Disk and ligaments intact • MOI: Hyper extension and axial loading Stable$

• MOI: Hyper extension and axial loading and Hyper
flexion
Unstable

PLC X
PLL X
ALL OK
Anterior sub luxation

$INJURY • Odontoid fracture • Type 1 • Type 2 • Type 3 • Clay Shoveler’s fracture • VB wedge fracture • Anterior Subluxation • Facet dislocation • Atlanto occipital dislocation • Tear drop fracture Incidence: 46-79%$

$• Odontoid fractures should not be confused with a) Os Odontoideum b) Ossiculum terminale$

Cervical vertebrae anatomy and pathology

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