Cerebral palsy is defined as a non-progressive disorder of movement, tone, and posture that is caused by a defect or lesion in the developing brain. It commonly causes developmental disabilities like mental retardation, epilepsy, and speech or sensory problems. Around 70% of cases are caused by events before birth like infections, lack of oxygen, or birth defects. The main types are classified by affected limbs and movement disorders, and include spastic, athetoid, and ataxic cerebral palsy. Treatment focuses on early intervention, physical, occupational and speech therapy to reduce effects over time.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of cerebral palsy affecting around 5% to 10% of all people diagnosed. It gets its name from the word ataxia, which means lack of coordination and without order.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of cerebral palsy affecting around 5% to 10% of all people diagnosed. It gets its name from the word ataxia, which means lack of coordination and without order.
Occupational Therapy in Cerebral PalsyAlbert840788
Occupational Therapy and Cerebral Palsy involves developing one’s ability to perform daily functions and activities.
CP occupational therapy aims at improving one’s strength, dexterity, and coordination when performing day-to-day activities. It also helps in improving cognitive abilities such as decision-making, problem-solving, reasoning, perception, memory, etc.
In this way, simple day-to-day tasks such as eating, bathing, brushing teeth can be performed with relative ease.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Define
Is defined as a :
1) Persistent but not unchanging
2) Disorder of movement, tone and posture
3) Due to non-progressive defect/lesion
4) Of immature brain
( fetal life, infancy, childhood)
( immature brain cut off take as 5 yrs –AAP)
3. 5) Commonly associated with a spectrum
of developmental disabilities such as –
I. Mental retardation (60%)
II. Epilepsy (33%)
III. Visual , hearing (deafness-10%) and
speech defects
IV. Strabismus(50%)
V. Cognitive dysfunction
VI. Sensory problems
VII. Emotional and behavioral problems.
4. Causes
• In about 70 % of cases, CP results from events occurring
before birth that can disrupt normal development of the
brain.
• Some of the known causes include:
• Infections during pregnancy
• Insufficient oxygen reaching the fetus
• Prematurity
• Asphyxia during labor and delivery
• Blood diseases
• Sever jaundice
• Other birth defects
• Acquired CP ( about 10% of children with CP acquire it after birth due
to brain injuries that occur during the first 2 years of life.
5. Types of Cerebral Palsy
•A) Classification by number of limbs involved:
• 1) Quadriplegia- all 4 limbs
• 2) Diplegia- all 4 limbs, legs more severely affected than
arms
• 3) Hemiplegia- one side of the body; arm is usually more
involved than the leg
• 4) Triplegia- three limbs are involved, usually both arms
and a leg
• 5) Monoplegia- only one limb is affected, usually an arm
6. Types of CP (cont.)
•B) Classification by movement disorder:
• 1) Spastic CP- too much muscle tone or tightness.
Movements are stiff, especially in the legs, arms, and/or
back.
• 2) Athetoid CP (dyskinetic CP)- affect movements of the
entire body. Involves slow, uncontrolled body
movements and low muscle tone; hard for person to sit
straight and walk.
• 3) Ataxic CP- least common. Disturbed sense of balance
and depth perception. Poor muscle tone, a staggering
walk and unsteady hands. Results from damage of the
cerebellum.
• 4) Combined classifications- both movement and number
of limbs involved are combined.
12. Child’s future
• Affects individuals in different ways
• Have normal life span
• Physical challenges intensify with age
• Increased spasticity
• Fatigue
• Loss of strength
• Declining mobility
13.
14. Differential diagnosis
• In the early infancy when the child is in
hypotonic phase, neuromuscular conditions like
myopathies may cause diagnostic confusion.
• Children with mental retardation may have
hypotonia but do not have abnormal motor
patterns or postures
15. • Neurodegenerative conditions which have
onset in early infancy such as Tay-Sach
disease, Krabbe's disease, and Metachromatic
Leucodystrophy can mimic CP.
• The progressive course of these conditions can
be ascertained on the basis of history, and
relevant investigation can confirm the
diagnosis.
17. Treatment
• With early and ongoing treatment, effects of CP can be
reduced.
• Early Intervention Services- service for those with CP and
their families that gives support and advice.
• Different kinds of therapy needed:
• Physical therapy- build stronger muscles; skills such as sitting,
walking, balance
• Occupational therapy- develops fine motor skills; dressing, feeding,
writing, and other daily living tasks
• Speech-language pathology- develops communication skills.
Particularly on speaking since muscle tone in tongue and throat may
be affected.
18. Prognosis for People with Cerebral Palsy
• Most people with cerebral palsy experience a normal life span.
Those with severe forms of CP may have a reduced life span. As
people with cerebral palsy age, they may experience long-term
effects of chronic physical impairment, such as the following:
• Increase in shortening of muscles (contractures)
• Joint problems (e.g., pain, loss of flexibility)
• Tight muscles
• Increase in back pain
• Emergence of incontinence
• Increase in incontinence
19. • Reduced energy levels
• Factors that contribute to these effects include:
• Poor wheelchair seating and posture
• Spinal deformities
• Weight gain
• Severe learning disability
• Discontinuance of physical therapy
• Walking when it is increasingly difficult
• Inappropriate orthopedic surgery