Cerebral palsy
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Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before or during birth. The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy, which causes stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes. Other types include athetoid, ataxic, and hypotonic cerebral palsy. While there is no cure for cerebral palsy, treatment can improve capabilities and includes physical therapy, medication, and surgery. Famous people who have cerebral palsy include Christy Brown, Jerry Traylor, and Christopher Nolan.
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Seminar on cerebral palsy ( akshay )
Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders caused by non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. It is defined as a disorder of movement and posture with activity limitations. The seminar discussed the history and definitions of cerebral palsy, noting that William Little first described it in 1861. It reviewed the prevalence, classifications, manifestations, characteristics, and etiologies of the different types of cerebral palsy. The pathophysiology of cerebral palsy in preterm infants involves intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia damaging the corticospinal tracts. The clinical features result from upper motor neuron lesions in the brain and spinal cord
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This document discusses the evaluation of a floppy infant. It begins by defining a floppy infant as one presenting with generalized hypotonia, often arising from an insult during the fetal or neonatal period. It describes the clinical examination of a floppy infant and differential diagnosis, which includes central nervous system causes, spinal cord disorders, peripheral nerve disorders, neuromuscular transmission defects, muscle diseases, and systemic disorders. Key examination findings that help localize the cause of hypotonia are discussed. Common etiologies like cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, and myasthenia gravis are also summarized.
Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. According to the CDC, about 764,000 children and adults in the US have CP. Each year in the US, around 10,000 babies are born with CP and another 1,200-1,500 preschool-aged children are diagnosed with CP. Boys have a higher prevalence of CP than girls. CP is caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain that affects a person's ability to control his or her muscles. Common symptoms in babies and young children include poor head control, stiff or weak muscles, tremors, poor coordination, and developmental delays. Treatment involves physical, occupational and speech therapy, medications
Mini seminar on cerebral palsy
This document summarizes a seminar on cerebral palsy that included presentations from multiple speakers. It covered the epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, and differential diagnosis and treatment of cerebral palsy. The epidemiology section provided statistics on prevalence, risk factors like preterm birth, and trends over time. The anatomy section described the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems. Pathophysiology focused on causes like periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants. Clinical manifestations included abnormal muscle tone, feeding difficulties, and lack of coordination. Assessment instruments for functional classification like the Gross Motor Function Classification System were also summarized.
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Cerebral Palsy
The term ‘cerebral palsy’ includes a group of disorders that result from permanent non-progressive brain damage during early development and are characterized by abnormalities of movement and posture.
Recommended
Seminar on cerebral palsy ( akshay )
Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders caused by non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. It is defined as a disorder of movement and posture with activity limitations. The seminar discussed the history and definitions of cerebral palsy, noting that William Little first described it in 1861. It reviewed the prevalence, classifications, manifestations, characteristics, and etiologies of the different types of cerebral palsy. The pathophysiology of cerebral palsy in preterm infants involves intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia damaging the corticospinal tracts. The clinical features result from upper motor neuron lesions in the brain and spinal cord
Cerebral palsy
A group of motor impairment syndromes resulting from disorders of early brain development and often associated with epilepsy and abnormalities of speech, vision and intellect
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A brief introduction of recent and advanced in management of the neuro degenerative disorder cerebral palsy
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Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. According to the CDC, about 764,000 children and adults in the US have CP. Each year in the US, around 10,000 babies are born with CP and another 1,200-1,500 preschool-aged children are diagnosed with CP. Boys have a higher prevalence of CP than girls. CP is caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain that affects a person's ability to control his or her muscles. Common symptoms in babies and young children include poor head control, stiff or weak muscles, tremors, poor coordination, and developmental delays. Treatment involves physical, occupational and speech therapy, medications
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This document summarizes a seminar on cerebral palsy that included presentations from multiple speakers. It covered the epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, and differential diagnosis and treatment of cerebral palsy. The epidemiology section provided statistics on prevalence, risk factors like preterm birth, and trends over time. The anatomy section described the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems. Pathophysiology focused on causes like periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants. Clinical manifestations included abnormal muscle tone, feeding difficulties, and lack of coordination. Assessment instruments for functional classification like the Gross Motor Function Classification System were also summarized.
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The document discusses acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. ADEM is typically triggered by an environmental stimulus in genetically susceptible individuals. It most commonly affects children between 5-8 years old, with symptoms developing within 2 weeks of a viral or bacterial infection in approximately 50-75% of cases. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and MRI findings showing multifocal brain inflammation. Treatment involves high-dose corticosteroids, with plasma exchange or IVIG recommended for non-responders. Most children recover fully, but some have residual symptoms like headaches or behavioral issues.
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The term ‘cerebral palsy’ includes a group of disorders that result from permanent non-progressive brain damage during early development and are characterized by abnormalities of movement and posture.
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Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition where an infant's head is significantly smaller than average for their age and sex. It is usually the result of abnormal brain development in the womb or after birth and can be caused by genetic factors or exposure to infections, toxins, or lack of oxygen prenatally. Children with microcephaly often have developmental delays or intellectual disabilities, and treatment focuses on early intervention to support development and manage any complications.
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This document provides information about cerebral palsy, including:
(1) It is a motor function disorder caused by permanent brain damage present at birth or shortly after.
(2) The most common types are spastic cerebral palsy (stiff muscles) and athetoid cerebral palsy (uncontrolled movements).
(3) Treatment aims to improve symptoms through physical therapy, bracing, medication, botulinum toxin injections, and sometimes surgery. The goal is improving quality of life and function rather than curing the underlying brain damage.
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Cerebral palsy can be classified in several ways:
(1) By the region of the body affected, such as hemiplegia which affects one side of the body, diplegia which primarily affects both legs, and quadriplegia which affects all four limbs.
(2) By the type of motor impairment, with spastic cerebral palsy being the most common type and affecting muscle tone, and other types including athetoid, choreiform, ataxic, and rigid.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain before, during or after birth. It affects movement and posture, and can cause physical disability. The main types are spastic, athetoid, ataxic and hypotonic CP. Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity. CP is diagnosed based on signs of impaired motor development and abnormal muscle tone or movement. There is no cure for CP, but treatment aims to improve ability and quality of life through therapies and medications.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain either during pregnancy or shortly after birth. It affects movement and posture and can cause physical disability. The main types are spastic CP (stiff muscles), athetoid/dyskinetic CP (uncontrolled movements), and ataxic CP (problems with coordination). Risk factors include preterm birth, low birth weight, infections during pregnancy, complications during delivery, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves assessing motor skills, muscle tone, reflexes, and ruling out other potential causes through imaging and tests.
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Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition where an infant's head is significantly smaller than average for their age and sex. It is usually the result of abnormal brain development in the womb or after birth and can be caused by genetic factors or exposure to infections, toxins, or lack of oxygen prenatally. Children with microcephaly often have developmental delays or intellectual disabilities, and treatment focuses on early intervention to support development and manage any complications.
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This document provides information about cerebral palsy, including:
(1) It is a motor function disorder caused by permanent brain damage present at birth or shortly after.
(2) The most common types are spastic cerebral palsy (stiff muscles) and athetoid cerebral palsy (uncontrolled movements).
(3) Treatment aims to improve symptoms through physical therapy, bracing, medication, botulinum toxin injections, and sometimes surgery. The goal is improving quality of life and function rather than curing the underlying brain damage.
Myoclonus
This document discusses myoclonus, which are sudden, brief involuntary muscle jerks. It describes the different types of myoclonus including positive vs negative and cortical vs subcortical. Various potential causes are outlined such as neurological disorders, metabolic conditions, infections, and medications. Treatment options mentioned include anticonvulsant medications and deep brain stimulation.
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This document provides an overview of cerebral palsy, including its definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, classifications, assessments, deformities, diagnostic tests, treatment goals, and treatment options. Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive brain disorder that causes motor impairments in children, including issues with movement, coordination, and muscle tone. Treatment is multidisciplinary and focuses on improving mobility and function through therapies, medications, and sometimes surgery. The goals are maximizing independence and community integration while preventing complications.
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This document discusses the physiotherapy management of lower limb deformities resulting from polio. It covers strengthening weakened muscles, stretching shortened muscles, use of orthotics and splints, gait training, surgical correction of deformities if conservative treatment is not effective, and physiotherapy after surgeries like tendon transfers. Specific deformities around the hip, knee and ankle are described along with their causes and management approaches. Surgical options discussed include soft tissue releases, osteotomies, arthrodesis and tendon transfers. The overall goal of treatment is to improve strength, prevent deformities, achieve functional mobility and independence.
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Cerebral palsy classification
Cerebral palsy can be classified in several ways:
(1) By the region of the body affected, such as hemiplegia which affects one side of the body, diplegia which primarily affects both legs, and quadriplegia which affects all four limbs.
(2) By the type of motor impairment, with spastic cerebral palsy being the most common type and affecting muscle tone, and other types including athetoid, choreiform, ataxic, and rigid.
(3) Temporally based on when the brain injury occurred such as prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal causes. Cerebral palsy results from a non-progressive
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive brain injury that causes motor dysfunction. Rehabilitation aims to improve mobility and function through physiotherapy, occupational therapy, bracing, assistive devices and more. Therapies use neurofacilitation techniques like Vojta and Bobath to normalize muscle tone and facilitate normal movement. The goals are to prevent deformities and maximize a child's independence and quality of life.
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Cerebral Palsy: PT assessment and Management
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain before, during or after birth. It affects movement and posture, and can cause physical disability. The main types are spastic, athetoid, ataxic and hypotonic CP. Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity. CP is diagnosed based on signs of impaired motor development and abnormal muscle tone or movement. There is no cure for CP, but treatment aims to improve ability and quality of life through therapies and medications.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain either during pregnancy or shortly after birth. It affects movement and posture and can cause physical disability. The main types are spastic CP (stiff muscles), athetoid/dyskinetic CP (uncontrolled movements), and ataxic CP (problems with coordination). Risk factors include preterm birth, low birth weight, infections during pregnancy, complications during delivery, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves assessing motor skills, muscle tone, reflexes, and ruling out other potential causes through imaging and tests.
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Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain. It appears early in life and causes disabilities like slow learning of movements. There are three main types - spastic, athetoid, and ataxic - depending on the affected part of the brain. Cerebral palsy is usually caused by issues during pregnancy or early childhood like prematurity, lack of oxygen, infection, or genetic abnormalities. Symptoms range from minor motor difficulties to inability to walk or involuntary movements. Research aims to find treatments and cures.
Slideshow
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain. It appears early in life and causes disabilities like slow learning of movements. There are three main types - spastic, athetoid, and ataxic - depending on the affected part of the brain. Cerebral palsy is usually caused by issues during pregnancy or early childhood like prematurity, lack of oxygen, infection, or genetic abnormalities. Symptoms range from minor motor difficulties to inability to walk or involuntary movements. Research aims to find treatments and cures.
Slideshow Copy
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain. It appears early in life and causes disabilities like slow learning of movements. There are three main types - spastic, athetoid, and ataxic - depending on the affected part of the brain. Cerebral palsy is usually caused by issues during pregnancy or early childhood like prematurity, lack of oxygen, infection, or genetic abnormalities. Symptoms range from minor motor difficulties to inability to walk or involuntary movements. Research aims to find treatments and cures.
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Cerebral palsy is a static encephalopathy characterized by abnormal muscle tone and posture that is non-progressive. It is caused by brain injury during development and is often associated with epilepsy, speech problems, vision issues and cognitive dysfunction. The document discusses the various classifications, types, signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy including spastic, athetoid, ataxic and mixed variants. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal insults can all potentially cause cerebral palsy. Early warning signs include delays in motor skills, abnormal tone, posture and presence of primitive reflexes.
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1) The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain below the cerebrum and plays an important role in motor coordination and balance. Damage or dysfunction can cause ataxia, instability, slurred speech, and other issues.
2) There are two main types of cerebellar syndromes - midline syndromes affecting balance and trunk control, and hemispheric syndromes affecting limb coordination.
3) Causes of cerebellar injuries include toxins, autoimmune conditions, structural lesions, and inherited degenerations. Diagnosis involves neurological exams and often MRI scanning.
1/10 cerebellum
The document discusses various aspects of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders:
1) The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain below the cerebrum and plays an important role in motor coordination and balance. Damage or dysfunction can cause ataxia, instability, slurred speech, and other issues.
2) There are two main types of cerebellar syndromes - midline syndromes affecting balance and trunk control, and hemispheric syndromes affecting limb coordination.
3) Causes of cerebellar injuries include toxins, autoimmune conditions, structural lesions, and inherited degenerations. Diagnosis involves neurological exams and often MRI scanning.
Cerebellum
The document discusses various aspects of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders:
1) The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain below the cerebrum and plays an important role in motor coordination and balance. Damage or dysfunction can cause ataxia, instability, slurred speech, and other issues.
2) There are two main types of cerebellar syndromes - midline syndromes affecting balance and trunk control, and hemispheric syndromes affecting limb coordination.
3) Causes of cerebellar injuries include toxins, autoimmune conditions, structural lesions, and inherited degenerations. Diagnosis involves neurological exams and often MRI scanning.
Causes Of Dementia
The document discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. It describes some of the main symptoms of AD including memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. The progression of AD typically involves early, clinical, and late stage symptoms as the disease gradually worsens over time. The document also mentions some of the pathological hallmarks of AD including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Neurology 8th multiple sclerosis
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Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations 2010
Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations presents the latest in the assessment and treatment of those with physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. Up to date information concerning the etiology, prevalence/incidence and physical/cognitive findings of individuals with developmental/acauired disabilities (Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, autism, acquired/traumatic brain injury) will be discussed. New diagnostic and treatment techniques are reviewed. The eye care practitioner will be able to confidently provide eye and vision care for those with disability at the end of this presentation.
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Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations 2010
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Cerebral palsy
- 3. Cerebral Palsy : is a term used to describe a group of disorders affecting body movement and muscle co-ordination.
- 4. HISTORY: CP, formerly known as "Cerebral Paralysis," was first identified by English surgeon William Little in 1860.It was not until 1897 that Sigmund Freud, then a neurologist, suggested that a difficult birth was not the cause but rather only a symptom of other effects on fetal development. Research conducted during the 1980s suggested that only a small number of cases of CP are caused by lack of oxygen during birth.
- 6. CEREBRUM
- 7. CEREBELLUM
- 10. Spastic cerebral palsy is by far the most common type, occurring in 70% to 80% of all cases. Moreover, spastic CP accompanies one of the other types in 30% of all cases. People with this type are hypertonic and have a neuromuscular condition .
- 11. Diplegia Hemiplegia Tetraplegia Spastic
- 12. ATHETOID Athetoid or dyskinetic is mixed muscle tone— People with athetoid CP have trouble holding themselves in an upright, steady position for sitting or walking, and often show involuntary motions. About one quarter of all people with CP have athetoid CP. The damage occurs to the extrapyramidal motor system and pyramidal tract and to the basal ganglia. It occurs in 10% to 20% percent of all cases. In newborn infants, high bilirubin levels in the blood, if left untreated, can lead to brain damage.
- 13. ATAXIC Itcan be caused by damage to the cerebellum. The forms of ataxia are less common types of cerebral palsy, occurring in at most 10% of all cases. Some of these individuals have tremors. Motor skills such as writing& typing might be affected, as well as balance, especially while walking. It is common for individuals to have difficulty with visual and auditory processing.
- 14. People with hypotonic CP appear limp and can move only a little or can't move at all.
- 16. (1) multiple births (e.g. twins, triplets) (2) sexually transmitted infectious diseases, e.g. AIDS (3) poor nutrition (4) exposure to toxic substances, including nicotine, alcohol and drugs (5) chromosome abnormalities (6) biochemical genetic disorders (7) Poor oxygen supply may destroy brain tissue. (8) premature delivery (9) caesarian or breech delivery
- 17. Causes during childhood: (1) infections such as meningitis (2) brain haemorrhages (3) head injury following falls, car accidents or abuse (4) drowning accidents (5) poisoning
- 18. Symptoms: (1) muscle tightness or spasms (2) involuntary movement (3) difficulty with "gross motor skills such as walking or running (4) difficulty with "fine motor skills" such as writing or doing up buttons (5) difficulty in perception and sensation
- 19. IS THERE ANY TREATMENT? Cerebral palsy can’t be cured, but treatment will often improve a child's capabilities. OH.. NO!
- 20. CAT scans (Computerized Axial Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), can help identify lesions in the brain.
- 21. •Doctors check for other diseases to try to fix things up •Doctors mainly wait for the baby to develop to be sure
- 23. FAMOUS PEOPLE WITH CEREBRAL PALSY Christy Brown Jerry Jhamak Geri Jewell Traylor Ghimire Christopher Nolan Chris Fonseca Steady Anne Eddie McDonald
- 24. Done By: Noha Ghoniem & Ansam Amir