Cementum is a thin layer of hard dental tissue covering the anatomic roots of teeth. It is formed by cells known as cementoblasts. It is a part of periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament.
The different categories of cementum are based on the presence or absence of cementocytes, as well as whether the collagen fibres are extrinsic or intrinsic. It is thought that fibroblasts, and some cementoblasts, secrete extrinsic fibres, but only cementoblasts secrete intrinsic fibres. The extrinsic fibres within acellular extrinsic fibre cementum, travel perpendicular to the surface of the root and allow the tooth to attach to the alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament (PDL), continuous with the cementodentinal junction (CDJ). Acellular cementum only contains extrinsic collagen fibres. Whereas, cellular cementum is quite thick and contains both extrinsic and intrinsic collagen fibres. The first cementum to be formed during tooth development is acellular extrinsic fibre cementum. The acellular layer of cementum is living tissue that does not incorporate cells into its structure and usually predominates on the coronal half of the root; cellular cementum occurs more frequently on the apical half.In summary, the main types of cementum are as follows: Acellular Afibrillar Cementum (AAC), Acellular Extrinsic Fibres Cementum (AEFC), Cellular Intrinsic Fibres Cementum (CIFC) and Mixed Stratified Cementum (MSC) which displays both cellular and acellular cementum.
Cellular cementum contains cells and is the medium of attachment of collagen fibres to the alveolar bone. It is also responsible for minor repair of any resorption by continued deposition to keep the attachment apparatus intact. Acellular cementum does not contain cells and has a main purpose of adaptive function.
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
seminar on gingiva
contents:
Introduction
Definition
Development of gingiva
Macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Nerve supply
Correlation of clinical and microscopic features
Repair/healing of gingiva
Age changes
Gingival diseases
Clinical considerations
Conclusion
References
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
this ppt includes information regarding a dental tissue know as the cementum.
It is a hard tissue covering the roots of the teeth.
this ppt includes, the composition, formation, types, cells and functions the cementum plays in maintaining the integrity of the tooth .
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
seminar on gingiva
contents:
Introduction
Definition
Development of gingiva
Macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Nerve supply
Correlation of clinical and microscopic features
Repair/healing of gingiva
Age changes
Gingival diseases
Clinical considerations
Conclusion
References
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
this ppt includes information regarding a dental tissue know as the cementum.
It is a hard tissue covering the roots of the teeth.
this ppt includes, the composition, formation, types, cells and functions the cementum plays in maintaining the integrity of the tooth .
Cementum is the calcified, avascular mesenchymal tissue that forms the outer covering of the anatomic root.
it describes the development of cementum and its various types.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
cementum is avascular connective tissue
it attaches tooth to alveolar bone via pdl in this seminar i explained about charecterestics of cementum &anamolies and some pathological conditions associated with it
Cementum is the mineralized dental tissue covering the anatomical root of teeth. It begins at the cervical portion of the tooth at the cementoenamel junction till the apex. It is one of the four tissues that support the tooth in the jaw (the periodontium).
The primary function- Provides attachment to collagen fibres of the periodontal ligament. It therefore is a highly responsive tissue maintaining the integrity of the root, helping to maintain the tooth in its functional position in the mouth, and being involved in tooth repair and regeneration.
Cementum /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Nutrition and Oral health in humans.pptxDanish Hamid
Nutrition and oral health are intricately linked, with dietary choices playing a significant role in maintaining the health of teeth, gums, and overall oral cavity. The foods and beverages we consume not only impact our physical health but also influence the condition of our mouths, affecting everything from tooth decay and gum disease to oral cancer risk. Understanding the connection between nutrition and oral health is essential for promoting healthy habits and preventing dental problems.
the key aspects of this relationship, including the role of nutrients in supporting oral health, the impact of dietary factors on common dental issues, and the importance of maintaining a balanced diet for overall well-being. By gaining insight into how nutrition affects oral health, individuals can make informed choices to preserve their smiles and promote lifelong oral wellness. Let's delve deeper into this vital connection between nutrition and oral health.
CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS BDS 3rd year .pptxDanish Hamid
Explore the intricate world of wound classification with our comprehensive slideshare presentation. From superficial abrasions to complex surgical wounds, this presentation delves into the diverse taxonomy of wounds, providing a systematic framework for understanding and categorizing them.
With detailed visuals and insightful explanations, we navigate through the nuances of wound classification, encompassing factors such as etiology, depth, tissue involvement, and healing characteristics. Whether you're a healthcare professional seeking to enhance your knowledge or a student delving into the fascinating realm of wound care, this presentation offers valuable insights to deepen your understanding and improve patient outcomes.
Join us as we unravel the complexities of wound classification, empowering you to make informed decisions in clinical practice and contribute to the advancement of wound care management. Discover the art and science behind classifying wounds effectively and gain a deeper appreciation for the multifaceted nature of this essential aspect of healthcare.
Advanced Diagnostic Aids in Periodontology .pptxDanish Hamid
In periodontology, advanced diagnostic aids include techniques like digital radiography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), microbiological and biochemical studies and advanced periodontal probing. These tools help in assessing bone levels, identifying periodontal pockets, and planning effective treatment strategies. Additionally, biomarker analysis and genetic testing are emerging areas for understanding individual susceptibility to periodontal diseases.
Principles of instrumentation in periodontology.pdfDanish Hamid
Instrumentation in periodontology involves using specific tools to assess and treat periodontal conditions. Key principles include precision, gentle application, adapting to tooth contours, and maintaining a sterile environment to ensure effective and safe procedures for diagnosing and treating periodontal diseases.
1. Precision and Thoroughness:
2. Scaling and Root Planing:
3. Ergonomics:
4. Adaptation of Instruments:
5. Patient Comfort:
6. Subgingival Access:
7. Regular Maintenance:
8. Individualized Approach:
9. Communication and Education:
10. Periodic Assessment:
Stainless steel is one of the most widely used materials in dentistry for the production of dental instruments, e.g. scalpel blades and forceps, orthodontic wires, denture bases and partial denture clasps, endodontic posts and as stainless steel crowns for the treatment of severely decayed primary molars.
Genetics and periodontal disease
Patients with periodontitis show inflammatory destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth. Loss of connective tissue and collagen in the gingiva is characteristic, along with loss of periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone. Thus the tooth roots become exposed to the oral environment, and the root and root cementum are colonized with a bacterial biofilm, which can calcify to form dental calculus. The chronicity and mostly slow progression of this disease results in tooth mobility, loss of chewing function, esthetic disturbances and, ultimately, if left untreated, tooth exfoliation. Moreover, periodontal inflammation has systemic effects; it can induce low grade systemic inflammation, which has negative effects on other organs.
Periodontitis is a complex chronic inflammatory disease with nonlinear progression that is caused by various factors each playing a role simultaneously and interacting with each other. The various factors determine the immune fitness of a subject. The host exists in a symbiotic relationship with the oral microbiome to maintain homeostasis. Loss of homeostasis results from loss of the host balance and an aberrant host response. This aberrant host response can manifest as a hyper‐ or hyporesponsiveness and/or lack of sufficient resolution of inflammatory reactions. The consequent chronic inflammation elicits changes in the ecology of the subgingival environment providing favorable conditions for the overgrowth of pathobionts that further propagate periodontal inflammation. The factors that determine immune fitness include: (a) genetic factors and epigenetic factors; (b) lifestyle factors; (c) comorbidities; (d) local or dental factors and factors that act randomly; and (e) pathobionts in a dysbiotic subgingival biofilm. Variants in at least 65 genes to date have been suggested as being associated with periodontitis based on genome‐wide association studies and candidate gene case control studies. Interestingly, reports have found pleiotropy between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. To date, 4 genetic loci are shared between coronary artery disease and periodontitis. The shared genes suggest that periodontitis is not causally related to atherosclerotic diseases, but rather both conditions are sequelae of similar (the same?) aberrant inflammatory pathways. In addition to variations in genomic sequences, epigenetic modifications of DNA can affect the genetic blueprint of the host responses.
Child Psychology is important for the development of child behaviour
#childpsychology #childbehaviour #behaviouralpedodontics #theoriesofchildpsychology #behaviourmanagement #behaviourofchildindentalclinic #freudspsychodynamictheory
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Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things, especially health effects of radiation.
The action is very complex, involving physics, chemistry, and biology
– Different types of ionizing radiation
– Energy absorption at the atomic and molecular level
leads to biological damage
– Repair of damage in living organisms
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
2. Contents
Introduction
Physical Characteristics
Chemical Composition
Development
Functions
Types of Cementum
Schroeder Classification
Cementoenamel Junction
Cementum Resorption and Repair
Clinical Considerations
3. Introduction
o Cementum is calcified, avascular mesenchymal
tissue that forms the outer covering of the
anatomical root.
o It is part of the PERIODONTIUM.
o It begins at cervical portion of the tooth and
continues to apex.
4. Physical Characteristics
o Pale yellow in color.
o Lighter color, softer and more permeable than
dentin.
o Shows irregular surface.
o Thickness ;
– At coronal half:- 16 to 60 µm
– At apical third & furcation area:- 150 to 200 µm
5. Chemical Composition
Organic
50 – 55%
Type I (90%)and
Type III (5%) collagen
fibers are embedded
in ground substance.
Proteins and
Polysaccharides
Inorganic
45 -50 %
Hydroxyapatite
Calcium
Phosphorous
Fluoride
Water
6. Source of collagen fibers
Extrinsic Fibers
o Formed by fibroblasts.
o Embedded portion of
principal fibers of PDL.
o Run in same direction
of principal fiber
o Also called Sharpey’s
fibers.
Intrinsic Fibers
o Produced by
cementoblasts.
o Belong to
cementum matrix.
o Run parallel to root
surface.
7. Development of Cementum
o Rupture of Hertwig Root Sheath allows the
mesenchymal cells of dental follicle to contact
dentin where they start forming a continuous
layer of cementoblasts.
o Begins with deposition of irregular meshwork of
collagen fibrils sparsely distributes in ground
substance called pre-cementum or cementoid.
8. .
o Followed by phase of matrix maturation, which
subsequently mineralizes to form cementum.
o Sometimes cementoblasts may get enclosed
and trapped in the matrix, they are referred as
cementocytes , and remain viable.
o The formation of cementum is incremental , so
we obtain Incremental lines of Salter.
10. Functions of cementum
Primary function of cementum is
anchorage that is by furnishing a
medium for attachment of collagen
fibres that bind the tooth to alveolar
bone.
Apical cementogenesis compensated
for attrition of enamel, thereby
maintaining functional occlusal
relationship.
11. It serves as reparative tissue in case root
fracture or resorption.
It provides for fiber reattachment or
relocation consequent to mesial drifting
of teeth.
12. Types of cementum
Cementum is of 2 two main types; Acellular and Cellular.
1. Acellular Cementum:-
o It is the first cementum formed also known
as Primary cementum.
o It doesn’t contain cells.
o It covers cervical third or half of the root.
13. .
o It is formed before the root
reaches the occlusal plane.
o Sharpey’s fibers makeup
most of structure and are
inserted at rt. angles into
root surface.
o Thickness:- 30-230 µm.
14. 2. Cellular cementum:-
o It is formed after the formation of Acellular
cementum so called Secondary cementum.
o It contains cells (Cementocytes) present in
lacunae.
o It covers apical third and inter-radicular region.
15. o It is formed after the
tooth reaches the
occlusal plane.
o Sharpey’s fibers occupy
smaller portions and are
separated by other fibers
arranges parallel to root
surface.
17. Schroeder’s Classification
This classification is based on location, morphology
and histological appearance.
1. Acellular afibrillar cementum(AAC)
2. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum(AEFC)
3. Cellular mixed stratified cementum(CMSC)
4. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum(CIFC)
5. Intermediate cementum (The hyaline layer of Hope
Well Smith)
18. Acellular Afibrillar Cementum (AAC)
o It neither contains cells nor extrinsic or intrinsic
collagen fibres.
o It only contains mineralizes ground substance.
o It is a product of cementoblasts and is found as
coronal cementum.
o Thickness: 1-15 µm
19. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum
(AEFC)
o It is composed entirely of densely packed bundles
of Sharpey fibres and lacks cells.
o It is a product of fibroblasts and cementoblasts.
o It is found in cervical third of root.
o Thickness: 30-230 µm
20. Cellular Mixed Stratified Cementum
(CMSC)
o It is composed of extrinsic and intrinsic fibers and
may contain cells.
o It is a co product of fibroblasts and
cementoblasts.
o It appears in apical third of roots, apices and
furcation areas.
o Thickness: 100-1000 µm
21. Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum
(CIFC)
o It is composed of intrinsic fibres and cells
but no extrinsic fibers.
o It is a product of cementoblasts.
o It fills the resorption lacunae.
22. Intermediate cementum
o It is an ill-defined zone near cemento-dentinal
junction.
o It contains cellular remnant of the Hertwig’s
sheath embedded in calcified ground substance.
o It contains enamel like proteins which help in
attachment of cementum to dentin.
24. Cementoenamel junction
Three types of relationships can occur at cemento-
enamel junction.
a. Overlapping:- In 60-65% of cases, cementum
overlaps the enamel. It occurs when the
enamel epithelium degenerates at cervical
termination permitting connective tissue to
come in contact with the enamel surface.
25. b. Touching:- In about 30% of cases, an edge to
edge butt joint exists between enamel and
cementum.
c. Gapping :- In 5-10% of cases, the cementum
and enamel fail to meet. It occurs when
enamel epithelium at cervical portion is
delays its separation from dentin.
27. Cementum Resorption and Repair
o Cementum is less susceptible to resorption
than bone under same pressure because of
being avascular.
o Average number of resorption areas per tooth
is 3.5 and are located in apical third (76.8%),
middle third (19.2%) and gingival third (40%).
28. o Caused by local or systemic factors.
o Local conditions include trauma from
occlusion, orthodontic movement pressure,
cysts, periapical & periodontal diseases.
o Systemic conditions include calcium
deficiency, hyperthyroidism, hereditary fibrous
osteodystrophy and Paget disease.
29. o Resorption areas appear as bay-like
concavities.
o Cementum resorption is not continuous and
may alternate with periods of repair and
deposition of new cementum.
o The reparative and resorbed cementum are
demarcated by an irregular reversal line.
30. .
o The repair of cementum requires the presence of
cementoblasts and viable connective tissue.
o The reparative cementum is less mineralized and
exhibits small calcifies globules.
Anatomic repair:- outline is re-established.
Functional repair:- little cementum is formed and
rest is filled by alveolar bone.
32. Clinical considerations
1. Hypercementosis
It is an age-related phenomenon and refers to
prominent thickening of cementum.
It may be localized to one tooth or affects entire
dentition.
Occurs as generalized thickening of cementum
with nodular enlargement of apical third of root.
33. It appears as spike like excrescences, created
either by coalescence of cementicles or
calcification of PDL fibres at site of insertion into
cementum.
Roots appear thick with rounded apices.
The causes can of hypercementosis can be:
accelerated elongation of tooth, inflammation,
tooth repair or Paget’s disease.
35. 2. Ankylosis
oIt is the fusion of the cementum and the
alveolar bone with obliteration of PDL.
oIt results in resorption of the root and its
gradual replacement by bony tissue.
oIt occurs in case of cemental resorption, occlusal
trauma, chronic periapical inflammation,
reimplanted or embedded teeth.
36. .
o Ankylosed teeth lack physiologic mobility of
normal teeth and give dull, muffled metallic
sound on percussion.
o Physiological drifting and tooth eruption
doesn’t occur.
o Radiographically, blending of the bone with
the root is apparent.
38. 3. Cementicles
o These are small areas of dystrophic calcified
tissue, which lie free in the periodontal
ligament of lateral and apical root areas.
o They may be formed by calcification of
epithelial rests, CT between Sharpey’s fibers, or
thrombosed capillaries.
39. o They may be free in PDL or attached or
embedded in cementum.
40. 4. Concrescence
o It is the union of two or more fully
formed teeth through cementum only.
o It is a result of traumatic injury or
crowding of teeth with resorption of
interdental bone by which two roots
come in contact and become fused by
cementum deposition.
41. 5. Cemental Spurs
o These are symmetrical spheres of cementum
attached to root surface.
o Found near cementoenamel junction.
o These result from irregular deposition of
cementum on the root.
o Can’t be easily removed since they are hard
dental tissue.
42. Bibliography
o Newmann and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology
o Orban’s Oral Histology and Embryology
o Shafer’s Textbook of Oral Pathology
o Researchgate.net
o Wikipedia.org
o Slideshare.net