The document discusses different types of cells, including their structures, functions, and adaptations. It describes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and provides details about specific cell types like animal cells, plant cells, leaf cells, root hair cells, sperm cells, and red blood cells. It also explains the cellular processes of diffusion and osmosis.

1. Cells
The basic structural and functional
units of all organisms. They may
exist and function alone or in
groups. The two cell types are
somatic and germ. See mitosis.

2. Kind of cells
• Prokaryotic: those cells are smaller and simpler than a
eukaryote, they have a similar form but the nucleos and
organelles are simpler. There are two kind of prokaryotic:
1. Bacteria
2. Archea
• Eukaryotic: there are four kind of eukaryotic
1. Protist
2. Fungi
3.Plants
4. Animals

3. Animal cells
• Animal cells
have:
1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell
membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes

4. Plant cells
The plant cells
also have
extra parts:
1. Cell wall
2. Cloroplast
3. Permanent
vacuole

5. Leavs cells
• Function:
light energy for
photosynthesis
• Adaption:
Packed with
chloroplasts. closely
packed cells form a
continuous layer.

6. Root air cell
• Function:
Absorbs water and
mineral ions.
• Adaption:
Long 'finger-like'
process with very thin
wall.

7. Sperm cells
• Function:
Fertilises an egg cell -
female gamete
• Adaption:
genetic information and
an enzyme to help
penetrate. The middle
section with mitochondria
for energy. The tail moves
the sperm to the egg.

8. Red blood cells
• Function:
haemoglobin to carry
oxygen to the cells.
• Adaption:
outer membrane.
increases the surface
area to allow more
oxygen. No nucleus.

9. Diffusion
• From high concentration to a region where they
are in low concentration
• to move from a high to a low concentration while
there is a concentration gradient.
• For exemple the oxigen in the blood.

10. Osmosi
• For osmosis to happen you need:
1. Two solutio with different concentration
2. A partially permeable membrane to separate
them
• Moviment of wather from a less concentration
solution to a more concentration solution through
a membrane
• Very important for plants