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IB Topic 2 Cells
Cell Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cell theory:  history and evidence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Multicellular organisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multicellular organisms and differentiation ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stem Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of stem cell differentiation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Viewing Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparing microscopes Light microscopes Electron microscopes Focus beams Lenses electromagnets Resolving power 200 nm 0.2 nm Color No staining required/can see color Requires metal dyes/black and white only Object Alive or dead Dead only Expense High school range/cheap Universities/high cost
Microscope Vocabulary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating Linear Magnification  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This is the magnified  image. This is the original  object. Diameter of the image=4cm Diameter of the specimen=2 cm  Find the magnification.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 mm
Common SI Unit Conversions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating linear magnification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Number given in scale bar of picture
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limitations to Cell Size ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],SA = 24 in 2 V = 8 in 3 2” 2” 4” 4” SA =  l  x  w  x  #of sides V  = l  x  w  x  h SA = 96 in 2 V = 64 in 3 **Volume increases faster than the surface area.  In this example the SA increased by 4 and the volume increased by 8.
How Big Is A Cell? OBJECT SIZE Eukaryotic 10-100  μ m Prokaryotic 1-5  μ m Nucleus 10-20  μ m Chloroplast 2-10  μ m Mitochondrion 0.5-5  μ m Large virus (HIV) 100 nm Ribosome 25 nm Cell membrane 7.5 nm DNA dbl. helix 2 nm H atom 0.1 nm
Prokaryotic Cells E. coli
Diagram of a typical prokaryote
Prokaryote organelles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More prokaryote organelles
An electron micrographs of  E. coli ** For IB you must be able to identify the structures on a micrograph. http:// www.cellsalive.com/index.htm
Another diagram of a prokaryote
Prokaryote reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=112
Eukaryote Cells Animal cell
General Eukaryote Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Homework ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Secretory Vesicle
Diagram of a plant cell
Plant Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plant Cells
Homework:  Outline the roles of  extracellular components  in plants (cell wall) and animals (extracellular matrix).
Summary of differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes! Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells small cells (< 5 mm) larger cells (> 10 mm) always unicellular often multicellular no nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles always have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles DNA is circular, without proteins (naked) DNA is linear and associated with proteins to form chromatin  (not naked) ribosomes are small (70S) ribosomes are large (80S) no cytoskeleton always has a cytoskeleton cell division is by binary fission cell division is by mitosis or meiosis reproduction is always asexual reproduction is asexual or sexual
Cell Membranes ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hydrophilic heads Cytoplasm Hydrophobic tails Diagram of cell membrane
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Cellular Transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm Look at the red blood  cells, not the black circles.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GET YOUR BOOK.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
J. The Sodium Potassium Pump ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],J. The Sodium Potassium Pump (continued) Sodium Potassium Pump Sodium Potassium Pump 2
K. Other forms of cellular transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],K. Other forms of cellular transport
L. Membrane fluidity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ASSIGNMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
M. Functions of the Golgi apparatus and rER in exocytosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M. Functions of the Golgi apparatus and rER in exocytosis (continued)
Cell division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B. Interphase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C. Mitosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Mitosis (continued)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Mitosis (continued)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Mitosis (continued)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Mitosis (continued)
D. Cytokinesis ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparing cell division in plants and animals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Plant Animal
Procedures involving mitosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Daughter cells are genetically identical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
D. Types of tumors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
E. Cancer treatments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
E. Cancer treatments (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
E. Cancer treatments (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
# 18. How cells prevent cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],# 18. How cells prevent cancer
Get an orange book ,[object Object],[object Object]
Miscellaneous ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Cells PowerPoint

  • 1. IB Topic 2 Cells
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  • 14. Example of stem cell differentiation
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  • 17. Comparing microscopes Light microscopes Electron microscopes Focus beams Lenses electromagnets Resolving power 200 nm 0.2 nm Color No staining required/can see color Requires metal dyes/black and white only Object Alive or dead Dead only Expense High school range/cheap Universities/high cost
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  • 30. How Big Is A Cell? OBJECT SIZE Eukaryotic 10-100 μ m Prokaryotic 1-5 μ m Nucleus 10-20 μ m Chloroplast 2-10 μ m Mitochondrion 0.5-5 μ m Large virus (HIV) 100 nm Ribosome 25 nm Cell membrane 7.5 nm DNA dbl. helix 2 nm H atom 0.1 nm
  • 32. Diagram of a typical prokaryote
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  • 35. An electron micrographs of E. coli ** For IB you must be able to identify the structures on a micrograph. http:// www.cellsalive.com/index.htm
  • 36. Another diagram of a prokaryote
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  • 42. Diagram of a plant cell
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  • 45. Homework: Outline the roles of extracellular components in plants (cell wall) and animals (extracellular matrix).
  • 46. Summary of differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes! Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells small cells (< 5 mm) larger cells (> 10 mm) always unicellular often multicellular no nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles always have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles DNA is circular, without proteins (naked) DNA is linear and associated with proteins to form chromatin (not naked) ribosomes are small (70S) ribosomes are large (80S) no cytoskeleton always has a cytoskeleton cell division is by binary fission cell division is by mitosis or meiosis reproduction is always asexual reproduction is asexual or sexual
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