This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the main organelles found within eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The main organelles described are the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell walls.

1. Cell Organelles
October 30, 2006

2. Prokaryotic Cells
• In Greek:
– Pro = before
– karyotic = nucleus
• Cell that do not have
a nucleus
• Bacteria

3. Eukaryotic Cells
• In Greek:
– Eu = True
– Karyotic = nucleus
• Cell that have a
nucleus

4. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
No Nucleus Nucleus
No Membrane – covered
Organelles
Membrane – covered
Organelles
Circular DNA (in a circle) Linear DNA (in a line)
Bacteria All other cells

7. Organelles
• Cell structures that allow it to live, grow &
reproduce.

8. • Keeps inside in & outside out
• Interact with things outside the cell.

9. Cell Walls
• Hard Wall made of
cellulose.
• Rigid & Stiff
• Provides strength &
support to cell membrane
– Like our skeletal system

10. • Is the control center of the cell
• Store information (DNA) on how to run the cell and
build new structures.
• Largest Organelle in the cell

11. • Place where amino acids are hooked together
to make proteins, which are the building
blocks for all structures built in the cell.
• “Protein Factories”
• Smallest Organelles in the cell

12. • Make lipids which are used for membranes.
• Breaks down harmful chemicals & other substances
• Packages proteins for release from the cell.
• “Assembly line” that constructs & carries proteins

13. • The Powerhouse of the cell
• Break down food to make ATP
• ATP = energy (Adenosine triphosphate)

14. • Make food using the energy from the sun.
• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6
• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts

15. • Processes & transports materials out of the cell.
• “Packaging center”

16. • Stores water & other fluids.
Vacuole

17. • Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts & foreign invaders.

18. • Membrane bound compartments
• Formed when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object
& pinches it off.

19. Animal & Plant vs. Plant
Cell Membranes
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Vesicles
Cell Walls
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts

20. Animal Cell