Ccna3 intro wan
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1 2dThe document describes the OSI reference model and routing in computer networks. It discusses the layers of the OSI model and their functions, including the physical, data link, network, and transport layers. It also covers routing protocols, static versus dynamic routing, and different classes of routing protocols like distance vector and link state protocols.
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This document provides an overview and summary of OSPF multi-area concepts including:
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- There are different types of areas including normal, stub, totally stubby, and NSSA areas. Routing behavior varies between area types.
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The document discusses the IS-IS routing protocol. It provides an overview of IS-IS, including that it is an interior gateway protocol used within an autonomous system. It also describes IS-IS levels, areas, and backbone routers. Finally, it discusses CLNS addressing, IS-IS PDUs like Hello packets, and other IS-IS concepts.
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1) OSPF is a link-state routing protocol where each router maintains an identical database describing the network topology by flooding link-state advertisements (LSAs) throughout the network.
2) The routers run the Dijkstra shortest path first algorithm on their link-state database to determine the optimal route to all reachable networks.
3) OSPF routers establish neighbor relationships by multicasting hello packets to discover one another, then exchange and synchronize their full link-state databases.
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OSPF does not support automatic summarization like EIGRP, and route summarization can only be configured on Area Border Routers (ABRs) and Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs). Route summarization helps reduce OSPF traffic and route computation by combining multiple specific routes into a single, generic route. The "area AREA_ID range IP_ADDRESS MASK" command is used to configure OSPF summarization, allowing an ABR to advertise a single summary route for multiple subnets. Care must be taken with summarization to avoid overgeneralizing reachable networks.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Case Study: Anil Nembang
- The document discusses Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) configuration for a network comprising routers and PCs partitioned into 4 areas.
- An addressing scheme is proposed using /30 subnet masking to assign point-to-point interfaces between routers in areas 120, 120, and 120. Area 99 is an OSPF multi-access network requiring a different approach.
- OSPF is configured on the network with areas and interfaces assigned addresses according to the proposed scheme. A virtual link is also specified to connect the non-contiguous areas as required.
OSPF summary & Differences between OSPF and EIGRP
OSPF is described as a link state routing protocol that uses areas and multicast addresses to share routing updates fast. It supports VLSM, calculates paths using the SPF algorithm, and allows equal-cost load balancing. In contrast, EIGRP is an advanced distance vector protocol that uses a composite metric and supports both equal and unequal load balancing. Key differences between the two protocols include their administrative distances, proprietary nature, multicast addresses, and where manual summarization can occur.
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- OSPF establishes neighbor relationships to exchange routing information. It elects a Designated Router and Backup Designated Router to optimize this exchange on multi-access networks. Link-state databases are synchronized between neighbors to calculate the shortest paths.
- Basic OSPF configuration involves enabling OSPF on interfaces and networks, setting authentication, and adjusting metrics and timers. Loopback interfaces ensure router IDs remain stable. Verification commands display neighbor relationships and routing tables.
Olsr protocol ppt
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This document provides an overview of routing protocols RIP and OSPF, access lists, and frame relay configuration in Cisco routers. It summarizes the key features of RIP and OSPF, including how they calculate routes differently. Configuration steps are shown for implementing routing protocols, access lists to filter traffic, and frame relay. The document concludes that future work will involve studying additional routing protocols and frame relay in more depth.
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The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It discusses common network topologies like star, bus, and ring. It also describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, bridges, routers and their functions. Finally, it covers different network media like twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and provides examples of local area network implementations in home and business settings.
basic networking
The document provides an overview of basic networking hardware and concepts. It defines a local area network (LAN) and discusses common LAN topologies like bus, star, and ring. It also describes common networking hardware such as hubs, switches, bridges, routers, and network interface cards. The document outlines different network media including copper, fiber optic, and wireless technologies. It provides examples of how home and business networks can be implemented using these concepts and technologies.
Computer networks--networking hardware
A local area network (LAN) connects devices within a small geographic area like a home or office building. Devices share network resources through a common communication line or wireless link. Basic LAN hardware includes hubs, switches, bridges, and routers to connect devices and manage traffic. Common wired media are twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables while wireless uses radio frequencies. An example home LAN uses a wireless router to share an internet connection among devices. A typical business LAN connects multiple floors or buildings with switches, routers, and fiber optic backbone.
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- 1. By Your Name CCNA 3 Chapter 1 Review: The OSI Reference Model and Routing
- 3. Benefits of the OSI Model?
- 4. OSI Layers with Purpose
- 12. Comparing Models
- 13. Address Classes
- 15. Subnetting Chart
- 16. Layer 3 Addresses - Path and Host Information
- 17. ICMP Testing
- 18. How ARP Works
- 19. Routing Table
- 20. IGP vs . EGP
- 22. Network and Host Addressing
- 23. Path Selection and Packet Switching
- 24. Network Layer Devices in Data Flow
- 25. Routing Metrics
- 26. Routed Versus Routing Protocol
- 27. Path Switching The network layer (3) address does not change. The data link layer (2) MAC address changes for each segment.
- 29. Static Versus Dynamic Routes
- 34. Distance Vector Routing Basics
- 36. Distance Vector Topology Changes
- 40. Split Horizon
- 41. Route Poisoning
- 45. Distance Vector Versus Link State
- 46. Hybrid Protocols Cisco’s EIGRP
- 50. Data Transfer
- 51. Windowing – Flow Control