This document provides an overview of Ethernet LANs, including:
- The different types of Ethernet standards based on speed and cable type, such as 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, 1000BASE-T, and 10GBASE-T.
- How Ethernet frames are forwarded over different link types, including the basic components of an Ethernet link and different cable types like UTP, multimode fiber, and single-mode fiber.
- The format of common Ethernet frames and the purpose of the fields in an Ethernet header, such as the destination/source MAC addresses and Ethernet type field.
What is SS7? An Introduction to Signaling System 7Alan Percy
SS7 or Signaling System 7 is the dominant protocol used to control the public telephone network. Call routing, number portability, caller-ID, mobile SMS and more are handled using SS7 in the public network. SS7 (along with SIGTRAN for transport), allow application to access public network resources for call control and authentication. During this session, we share some background on SS7, show how it is used in everyday communications, and provide some use cases in popular applications.
What is SS7? An Introduction to Signaling System 7Alan Percy
SS7 or Signaling System 7 is the dominant protocol used to control the public telephone network. Call routing, number portability, caller-ID, mobile SMS and more are handled using SS7 in the public network. SS7 (along with SIGTRAN for transport), allow application to access public network resources for call control and authentication. During this session, we share some background on SS7, show how it is used in everyday communications, and provide some use cases in popular applications.
Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol for computer networks. It evolved from and replaces the much less capable RADIUS protocol that preceded it. in this presentation I will try to familiarize you with the new AAA protocol and deep dive into the diameter protocol details, Credit Control Application (Gx,Gy and GZ) and sample use case for peering Sandvine PTS (Working as PCEF) with freePCRF.server and finally introduce you with seagull, a popular test tool to test different diameter-based scenarios. Hope you like it
basim.alyy@gmail.com
basimaly.wordpress.com
https://eg.linkedin.com/pub/basim-aly/38/774/228
Tutorial about MPLS Implementation with Cisco Router, this first of two chapter discuss about What is MPLS, Network Design, P, PE, and CE Router Description, Case Study of IP MPLS Implementation, IP and OSPF Routing Configuration
A
PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol for computer networks. It evolved from and replaces the much less capable RADIUS protocol that preceded it. in this presentation I will try to familiarize you with the new AAA protocol and deep dive into the diameter protocol details, Credit Control Application (Gx,Gy and GZ) and sample use case for peering Sandvine PTS (Working as PCEF) with freePCRF.server and finally introduce you with seagull, a popular test tool to test different diameter-based scenarios. Hope you like it
basim.alyy@gmail.com
basimaly.wordpress.com
https://eg.linkedin.com/pub/basim-aly/38/774/228
Tutorial about MPLS Implementation with Cisco Router, this first of two chapter discuss about What is MPLS, Network Design, P, PE, and CE Router Description, Case Study of IP MPLS Implementation, IP and OSPF Routing Configuration
A
PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called Project 802, to set standards and to enable inter communication among equipment from a variety of manufacturers.
Project 802 is a way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of major LAN protocols.
Advanced TCP/IP-based Industrial Networking for Engineers & TechniciansLiving Online
This manual is for engineers and technicians who need a practical and extensive knowledge of the design and troubleshooting of Industrial Ethernet networks, as well as the selection, installation, and configuration of components such as routers and switches.
It deals in-depth with the underlying TCP/IP protocols, and specifically addresses both design and configuration issues related to IPv4 and the more recent IPv6.
It also covers the more advanced aspects and applications of Ethernet such as advanced switching and routing, CCTV over IP, OPC and Modbus/TCP over Ethernet, industrial security, intrinsically safe applications, switched rings (included the latest IEC 62439-3 redundant ring standard), and highly-deterministic Ethernet-based field buses (e.g. for servo control) capable of 1 millisecond repetition rates and jitter of less than 1 microsecond.
http://www.idc-online.com/content/advanced-tcpip-based-industrial-networking-engineers-and-technicians-21
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. Objectives
• An Overview of LANs
• Building Physical Ethernet LANSs with UTP
• Building Physical Ethernet LANs with Fiber
• Sending Data in Ethernet Networks
6. Types of Ethernet
Speed Common
Name
Informal IEEE
Standard
Name
Formal IEEE
Standard
Name
Cable Type,
Maximum
Length
10 Mbps Ethernet 10BASE-T 802.3 Copper, 100m
100 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100BASE-T 802.3u Copper, 100m
1000 Mbps Gigabit
Ethernet
1000BASE-LX 802.3z Fiber, 5000 m
1000 Mbps Gigabit
Ethernet
1000BASE-T 802.3ab Copper, 100 m
10 Gbps 10 Gig
Ethernet
10GBASE-T 802.3an Copper, 100 m
22. A Sampling of IEEE 802.3 10-Gbps
Fiber Standards
Standard Cable Type Max Distance*
10GBASE-S MM 400m
10GBASE-LX4 MM 300m
10GBASE-LR SM 10km
10GBASE-E SM 30km
* The maximum distances are based on the IEEE standards with no repeaters.
23. Comparisons Between UTP, MM, and SM
Ethernet Cabling
Criteria UTP Multimode Single-mode
Relative Cost of Cabling Low Medium Medium
Relative Cost of a Switch Port Low Medium High
Approximate Max Distance 100m 500m 40km
Relative Susceptibility to Interference Some None None
Relative Risk of Copying from Cable
Emissions
Some None None
25. IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Header and Trailer
Fields
Field Field
Length in
Bytes
Description
Preamble 7 Synchronization
Start Frame
Delimiter (SFD)
1 Signifies that the next byte begins the Destination MAC Address
field.
Destination MAC
address
6 Identifies the intended recipient of this frame.
Source MAC
address
6 Identifies the sender of this frame.
Type 2 Defines the type of protocol listed inside the frame; today, most
likely identifies IP Version 4 (IPv4) or IP Version 6 (IPv6).
Data and Pad 46-1500 Holds data from a higher layer, typically an L3PDU (usually an
IPv4 or IPv6 packet). The sender adds padding to meet the
minimum length requirement for this field (46 bytes).
Frame Check
Sequence (FCS)
4 Provides a method for the receiving NIC to determine if the frame
experienced transmission errors
27. LAN MAC Address Terminology and
Features
LAN Addressing
Term or Feature
Description
MAC Media Access Control. 802.3 (Ethernet) defines the MAC
sublayer of IEEE Ethernet.
Ethernet address,
NIC address, LAN
address
Other names often used instead of MAC address. These
terms describe the 6-byte address of the LAN interface
card.
Burned-in address The 6-byte address assigned by the vendor making the
card.
Unicast address A term for a MAC that represents a single LAN interface.
Broadcast address An address that means “all devices that reside on this LAN
right now.”
Multicast address On Ethernet, a multicast address implies some subset of
all devices currently on the Ethernet LAN.
