This document discusses the C5 or C5AFS program, which focuses on coffee, cocoa, climate change, and communities in developing countries. Coffee and cocoa are major income sources for smallholder farmers but are sensitive to climate change. The program will analyze mitigation and adaptation strategies at different scales. It will build on existing expertise from institutions like IRD, CIRAD, ICRAF, IITA, CIAT, and others to understand interactions between agriculture, climate change, and livelihoods. The program will examine issues like shade management, gender, institutions, and uncertainty under climate change.

1. Coffee, Cocoa, Climate Change Community = C5or C5AFS

2. Background Mayor source of GDP in developing countries Dominantly cultivated by smallholders Mayor income source for millions of farmers Grown in mixed systems with food/tree crops Links farmers to global markets, strongly organized value chain Linked to key environmental services Carbon, biodiversity, water, nutrient cycling Long lead time for adaptation and Highly sensitive systems Adaptation potential through shade management

3. Why C5 Cocoa key system in humid lowlands and coffee in humid highlands Fills important agro-ecosystem gap in CCAFS Dominant annual crops and livestock Analyze mitigation/adaptation trade-offs at different scales Opportunity to build on existing expertise and data sets Private sector and supply chain relevance Major driver for change Highly relevant for policy makers/authorities Applicable to other tropical systems Frame work, methodologies and tools

4. Science content integration Agriculture and Resource management Important eco-nomic/logical part of system Understanding interactions between agricultural systems, climate change and livelihoods Importance of climate change in contrast to other global drivers Opportunity to work on analogue sites (travel in space and time)

5. Science content integration Climate change uncertainty Buffering effect of shade trees in a range of systems and conditions Work on climate variability and progressive change Crop response modeling include uncertainty (GCM, Emission Scenarios)

6. Science content integration Spatial and temporal Different systems in space At different scales At different time scales Important trade-off between scales

7. Science content integration Gender and social differentiation Resource control (input/ output) Importance of post-harvest processing and value chain Integration of food crops and participation of men and women

8. Science content integration Institutions and governance Certification provides opportunities Governance and policies Cocoa/coffee authorities versus environmental authorities GHG mitigation trade-offs at different scales Rewards for ecosystem services down and up stream

9. Roles of Institutions / Collaborators IRD/CIRAD: Biochemical cycles, soil and crops, water cycle, soil ecology, carbon sequestration, climate variability and risk ICRAF: Agroforestry versions of project, interest in cocoa/coffee systems, Environmental Services, Value chains, carbon DIVERSITAS: Network of agroforestry sites (in all the three continents), strong soil-ecology, landscape scale impacts IITA: Coffee and cocoa, diagnostic surveys, pest and disease, farmers systems perspective, STCP trade off at different scales, data bases for Africa INI: Science in nitrogen, polices, study nitrogen cycles in Africa CORAF: Coordinate research, collaborate with CCAFS in Africa, link CG to NARS, climate change platform CIAT: Spatial analysis (quality, yield, pest and disease), G*E, ES, global data bases, site-specific agriculture, More……

10. Emails Meine: M.vannoordwijk@cgiar.org Johannes (ICRAF): j.dietz@cgiar.org MateeteBekunda: mateeteb@yahoo.com Jean-Luc.chotte@ird.fr AbdulaiJalloh: abdulai.jalloh@coraf.org