Presented by Don Peden, Tilahun Amede, Seleshi Awulachew, Hamid Faki, Denis Mpairwe, Amare Haileslassie, and Paulo van Breugel at the International Congress on Water 2011 Integrated Water Resources Management in Tropical and Subtropical Drylands, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 19-26 September 2011.

1. Livestock Development for Better Water Use in the Nile Basin Don Peden, Tilahun Amede, Seleshi Awulachew, Hamid Faki, Denis Mpairwe, Amare Haileslassie, and Paulo van Breugel International Congress on Water 2011 Integrated Water Resources Management in Tropical and Subtropical Drylands Mekelle, Ethiopia, 19-26 September 2011

3. International Water Management Institute

4. Sudan Agriculture Research Corporation

5. Sudan Animal Resources Research Corporation

6. Makerere University

10. Livestock, people, and water

11. Primary opportunities for better water use

12. Principles of livestock water productivity

14. Countries, livestock & people

17. WHO minimum

20. Support 50% of the people

21. Sustain 90% of the livestock biomass

22. Receive 85% of basin rainfall of 1.7 trillion m3

23. But livestock feed uses only 66 billion m3 for maintenance basin wide, 90X more than they drinkLose one trillion m3 as non-productive evapotranspiration (mostly E) that does not contribute to the Nile’s blue water.

25. Increase effective crop and animal production per unit of T.Implies increasing water productivity (kg/m3, kg/$, $/m3, $/$) [kg by dry not fresh weights!!]

27. pasture

28. nature Rain Inflow Discharge Drinking Evaporation Water conserving strategies Beneficial outputs: Infiltration

30. Convert E to T

31. Increase crop and livestock water productivity

32. 50% increase in crop and pasture WP is feasible (Rocktrom et al. 2003)

33. LWP ∝ CWP

34. Similar additional gains in livestock WP also feasible (Peden et al. 2009)br />

35. Example 1: Integrated termite management (Uganda’s Cattle corridor) Before (nil) After 1 year (3000 kg/ha)

36. Example 2: Use crop residues & increase CWP > ”free water” > Use dual purpose crops > LWP ∝ CWP

38. Water

39. Human health

40. Animal health

42. Capturing this water as “T” increases basin WP and diverts demands on blue water.

43. Better feed, water, land, landscape, and animal management are also needed.

44. Requires mix of technical, socio-economic, financial and institutional interventions.