International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and development of aperture coupled rectangular microstrip antenna for...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out for obtaining wide band operation of rectangular microstrip antenna by using aperture coupled feeding technique. By incorporating U-slots with stubs on the radiating element, antenna resonates for single wideband with an impedance bandwidth of 45.61%. The antenna has two resonant peaks f1 and f2 which occurs at 12.1 GHz and 14.38 GHz with minimum return loss of −32.46 dB and −46.12 dB respectively. The lower resonant frequency f1 is closer to the fundamental resonance of the rectangular patch. The second resonant frequency f2 is due to current along the edges of U-slots and stubs of aperture coupled U-slot and stub rectangular microstrip antenna (AUSRMSA). This technique also enhances the gain to 9.96 dB which is 1.89 times more than the gain of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMA). The enhancement of impedance bandwidth and gain does not affect the nature of broadside radiation characteristics. The design concepts of antennas are presented and experimental results are discussed. Keywords: Microstrip, wide band, Aperture coupled, Slots.
Design and development of aperture coupled rectangular microstrip antenna for...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out for obtaining wide band operation of rectangular microstrip antenna by using aperture coupled feeding technique. By incorporating U-slots with stubs on the radiating element, antenna resonates for single wideband with an impedance bandwidth of 45.61%. The antenna has two resonant peaks f1 and f2 which occurs at 12.1 GHz and 14.38 GHz with minimum return loss of −32.46 dB and −46.12 dB respectively. The lower resonant frequency f1 is closer to the fundamental resonance of the rectangular patch. The second resonant frequency f2 is due to current along the edges of U-slots and stubs of aperture coupled U-slot and stub rectangular microstrip antenna (AUSRMSA). This technique also enhances the gain to 9.96 dB which is 1.89 times more than the gain of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMA). The enhancement of impedance bandwidth and gain does not affect the nature of broadside radiation characteristics. The design concepts of antennas are presented and experimental results are discussed. Keywords: Microstrip, wide band, Aperture coupled, Slots.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Directional couplers are widely used as passive and active optical devices in fibre and integrated optics, and form the basis of components such as switches, modulators and wavelength filters. They consist of two closely-spaced parallel waveguides, whose separation is sufficiently small that power may be transferred between the modes propagating in the two guides through an interaction involving their evanescent fields. In this paper results are presented for a range of near infrared single mode silica directional couplers fabricated by electron beam irradiation. The effects of over cladding layers will be highlighted. Changes on coupling coefficient due to different cladding refractive indexes will also be examined. The coupled mode theory will be employed to fit the experimental results with prediction by theory. It is found that over cladding layer alters the transmission characteristics of silica directional couplers.
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED APERTURE COUPLED MICROSTRIP SHORT BACKFIRE ANTENNA WITH ...IAEME Publication
A circularly polarized microstrip short back fire antenna (CPMSBA) with two ringcorrugated rim using aperture coupling feed method is proposed in this paper. Theantenna is designed to operate in KU-band. The simulation results verify the circular
polarization. The axial ratio bandwidth bwAR is 3.74%, gain is 10.43 dBi andradiation efficiency is 89.7%. The antenna has a compact structure and high electricaland mechanical characteristics.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
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3D FSS with multiple transmission zeros and pseudo elliptic responsejournalBEEI
The three-dimensional frequency selective surface (3D FSS) with band reject multiple transmission zeros and pseudo-elliptic response is designed from two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of shielded micro strip lines to realize wide out-of–band radio wave rejection. The 3D FSS array consists of multimode cavities whose coupling with air can be controlled to obtain a desired frequency range. The proposed FSS with shorting via to ground exhibits pseudo-elliptic band-reject response in the frequency range from 6GHz to 14GHz. As the plane wave of linear polarization incidents perpendicularly to the shielded micro strip line with perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary walls, two quasi-TEM modes are obtained known as air mode and substrate mode. The first 3D FSS design is a combination of two or more resonators. Furthermore, second 3D FSS design with three shorting vias result more elliptic band reject frequency response and a pass band transmission pole. All in phase resonators of design give transmission poles and out of phase combination of resonators give transmission zeros respectively. The proposed 3D FSS is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS software. These designs exhibit an improved performance for many practical applications such as antenna sub-reflector, and spatial filters.
In this work, a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) unit cell is simulated in a waveguide with electromagnetic field solver High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Analytical calculations of the inductance and capacitance have been also carried out to obtain the resonant frequencies for SRR dimensions. A comparison between calculated and simulated resonance frequencies)) is done. A good correlation between simulated and measured resonance frequencies is achieved.
Analysis of s band substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator a...IJCSEA Journal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is a very promising technique with which we can
take the advantages of both waveguides and planar transmission lines. Therefore, in [2.1-3] GHz band
various microwave components and devices have been designed successfully using Ansoft HFSS software.
We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler and then made measurements of the frequency
response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network analyzer. Thus, results of this modeling are presented,
discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Directional couplers are widely used as passive and active optical devices in fibre and integrated optics, and form the basis of components such as switches, modulators and wavelength filters. They consist of two closely-spaced parallel waveguides, whose separation is sufficiently small that power may be transferred between the modes propagating in the two guides through an interaction involving their evanescent fields. In this paper results are presented for a range of near infrared single mode silica directional couplers fabricated by electron beam irradiation. The effects of over cladding layers will be highlighted. Changes on coupling coefficient due to different cladding refractive indexes will also be examined. The coupled mode theory will be employed to fit the experimental results with prediction by theory. It is found that over cladding layer alters the transmission characteristics of silica directional couplers.
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED APERTURE COUPLED MICROSTRIP SHORT BACKFIRE ANTENNA WITH ...IAEME Publication
A circularly polarized microstrip short back fire antenna (CPMSBA) with two ringcorrugated rim using aperture coupling feed method is proposed in this paper. Theantenna is designed to operate in KU-band. The simulation results verify the circular
polarization. The axial ratio bandwidth bwAR is 3.74%, gain is 10.43 dBi andradiation efficiency is 89.7%. The antenna has a compact structure and high electricaland mechanical characteristics.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
3D FSS with multiple transmission zeros and pseudo elliptic responsejournalBEEI
The three-dimensional frequency selective surface (3D FSS) with band reject multiple transmission zeros and pseudo-elliptic response is designed from two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of shielded micro strip lines to realize wide out-of–band radio wave rejection. The 3D FSS array consists of multimode cavities whose coupling with air can be controlled to obtain a desired frequency range. The proposed FSS with shorting via to ground exhibits pseudo-elliptic band-reject response in the frequency range from 6GHz to 14GHz. As the plane wave of linear polarization incidents perpendicularly to the shielded micro strip line with perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary walls, two quasi-TEM modes are obtained known as air mode and substrate mode. The first 3D FSS design is a combination of two or more resonators. Furthermore, second 3D FSS design with three shorting vias result more elliptic band reject frequency response and a pass band transmission pole. All in phase resonators of design give transmission poles and out of phase combination of resonators give transmission zeros respectively. The proposed 3D FSS is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS software. These designs exhibit an improved performance for many practical applications such as antenna sub-reflector, and spatial filters.
In this work, a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) unit cell is simulated in a waveguide with electromagnetic field solver High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Analytical calculations of the inductance and capacitance have been also carried out to obtain the resonant frequencies for SRR dimensions. A comparison between calculated and simulated resonance frequencies)) is done. A good correlation between simulated and measured resonance frequencies is achieved.
Analysis of s band substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator a...IJCSEA Journal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is a very promising technique with which we can
take the advantages of both waveguides and planar transmission lines. Therefore, in [2.1-3] GHz band
various microwave components and devices have been designed successfully using Ansoft HFSS software.
We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler and then made measurements of the frequency
response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network analyzer. Thus, results of this modeling are presented,
discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Palestra sobre como desenvolver um site, feita para a segunda edição do CBSI realizado na FATEC de Santos no dia 05/03/2015.
Obrigado a todos que compareceram e apoiaram a ideia!
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
A Broadband Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communicationswww.nbtc.go.th
In this paper, a simple design of wideband
rectangular patch antenna is presented by using asymmetrical
feed and a reduction in ground plane with proper gap distance.
The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance included in
the proposed procedure is addressed to eliminate possible
errors in the high-frequency broadband applications. The
antenna proposed in this research provides 2.3GHz bandwidth
(frequency range: 0.9GHz - 3.2GHz) which can be utilized in
various broadband applications such as remote sensing,
biomedical and mobile radio. The proposed procedure in this
research is compatible with CAD applications and is valuable
contribution as it permits quick and easy design for RF
engineers.
Reference : International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, Vol. 4, No. 3, June 2014
http://www.ijmo.org/papers/373-A0002.pdf
Thanks for reading.
Noppadol Tiamnara
An Analysis of Dual Band bandpass Filters using with Arbitrary Band Ratiosijtsrd
This paper proposes the variable reflection angle of meta surface composed of the double layered FSS (Frequency SelectiveSurface) and the ground. The meta-surface can steer the reflection direction of the incident wave by shifting the lower FSS. It is clarified that the gradient of the reflection phase in the reflection direction steering plane (x-z plane) are changed by the shift amount of lower FSS. A miniaturized dual-band frequency selective surfaces with second-order band-pass response at each operation band is presented. The design is implemented by cascading a two-dimensional periodic array of double square loops and an array of wire grids. The proposed structure composed of three metal and two dielectric layers acts as a spatial dual band microwave filter with large band separation. The predicted FSS has the merits of broadband response, excellent stability for different incident angles, and sharp roll-off at X- and Ka-band, respectively.Key-words:- Dual Band, FSS, steering etc. Payal Jindal | Dr. Sudheer Kumar Sharma | Dr. Rashid Hussain"An Analysis of Dual Band bandpass Filters using with Arbitrary Band Ratios" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7102.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/7102/an-analysis-of-dual-band-bandpass-filters-using-with-arbitrary-band-ratios/payal-jindal
Studies on Effect of Waveguide Dimensions on Resonant Frequency of Shunt Tee ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND COUPLER IN [10-1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
ANALYSIS OF S-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR A...IJCSEA Journal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is a very promising technique with which we can
take the advantages of both waveguides and planar transmission lines. Therefore, in [2.1-3] GHz band
various microwave components and devices have been designed successfully using Ansoft HFSS software.
We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler and then made measurements of the frequency
response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network analyzer. Thus, results of this modeling are presented,
discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Enhancement of boresight radiation for leaky wave antenna arrayTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
An array of half-width microstrip leaky-wave antennas (HW-MLWAs) of two uniform elements
was designed to obtain maximum boresight radiation. Achieve this, two uniform of HW-MLWAs are placed
at 180◦ and fed by a probe located at the center between the elements, two uniforms of HW-MLWAs,
loaded terminated by 50Ω lumped element. Two beams from two branches individual merge to form
the resultant directive beam. The simulation represents the susceptibility of the proposed array of uniform
HW-MLWAs to the radiation broadside direction effectively. The predict bandwidth matched of the array is
582 MHz (4.18–4.76 GHz). The direction of its main beam in boresight happens over a wide 13%,
relatively (4.18-4.76 GHz) band. The proposed peak gain at the boresight direction of the array
is 9.91 dBi.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
1. B.Manoj Kumar, Prof.K.N. Raja rao, L. Christie / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.483-487
483 | P a g e
Mathematical Model of Sever and Coupler for Folded-Waveguide
TWT at W-band
B.Manoj Kumar1
,Prof.K.N. Raja rao2
, L. Christie3
.
1
Student M.Tech (Digital Communication), R.V.College of Engineering, Bangalore-59.
2
Professor in Telecommunication, R.V.College of Engineering, Bangalore-59.
3
Scientist F, MTRDC, Bangalore
ABSTRACT
A wideband folded waveguide travelling-
wave tube (TWT) amplifier has advantages of
simple coupling structure and robust structure
over conventional helix TWT. In millimeter wave
bands sever are used to have good impedance
matching especially in high-power tubes where
efficiency is important. The common technique
for suppressing the backward wave is through the
use of one or more severs. In this paper
mathematical model for a coupler and sever for
the folded waveguide at W –band and numerical
simulation is carried out using mat-lab.
Keywords — Folded-waveguide travelling-wave
tube, couple, sever, Folded-waveguide slow wave
structure.
I. INTRODUCTION
Folded waveguide slow wave structure
(FW-SWS) is having advantages of broad
bandwidth, easy fabrication from gigahertz to
terahertz travelling wave tubes with micro
fabrication technology [1] and is compact in size. For
MMW helix and coupled cavity TWTs, it is difficult
to design energy coupler for extremely wide band. It
is often difficult to insert plungers for necessary
adjustments required to obtain required
characteristics. But for folded Waveguide TWT,
owing to slow wave structure the propagating wave
type in coupler is same as that in folded waveguide,
therefore matching character is better and structure is
simple. Folded waveguide slow wave structure (FW-
SWS) is having advantages of broad bandwidth, easy
to fabricate from Gigahertz to terahertz travelling
wave tubes using micro fabrication technology and
compact in size. In the analysis of travelling wave
amplification, backward waves are found to exist.
This wave can carry power reflected from the load or
output side backward to the input. If there is any
mismatch at the input, a portion of the signal will be
reflected back again and result in Oscillation or
severe variations in gain as a function of Frequency.
Although the tube may be very well matched to the
signal source and to the load, there will normally be
reflections from the input and the output terminals
because of the difficulty in making impedance
transition from the RF structure. To control increase
in gain, attenuators and severs are used in TWTS.
Using these forward waves as well as the backward
waves is attenuated. The loss in gain in the forward
direction may be at least partially compensated by
increase in the length of sever in the interaction
region. Unfortunately, if a good impedance match is
to be realized, the attenuator must be extended up to
considerable length along the RF structure. On the
other hand, by using attenuator not only the
backward wave but also the forward wave is
attenuated, as a result, the electric field of the circuit
loses control of the bunching process and velocity
spread in beam increases. The increase in beam
velocity spread in the attenuation region results in
less effective bunching after the attenuation causing
reduction in efficiency. As a result, at high power
and when efficiency is important, the attenuator is
not a attractive solution. In high-power tubes where
Efficiency is important the most common technique
of suppressing the backward waves is through the
use of one or more sever. Sever prevents the
reflection from the load and the output terminal from
reaching the input terminal. Although the forward
growing wave on the input Section is lost at sever,
the current and velocity modulation on the electron
beam remains to carry the signal across the sever
region for further amplification in the output section.
As the beam drift across the sever region, bunching
degrades and effects the final efficiency of the tube.
As a result sever region should be as small as
possible. Also, the amount of degrading in bunching
depends on the intensity of bunching that occurs at
the input section of the slow wave structure.
Fig. 1 Schematic of folded-waveguide with sever
2. B.Manoj Kumar, Prof.K.N. Raja rao, L. Christie / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.483-487
484 | P a g e
The reflection coefficient at the output, at sever and
at the input, along with the circuit attenuations must
be taken into consideration in determining the
practical gain. Because it is usually possible to keep
the reflection coefficients at the sever termination
less than those for the input and output. So severs are
used in place of attenuator.
II. DESIGN OF LINEAR TAPERD
WAVE-GUIDE.
Consider a tapered waveguide of length „L‟
which connects two uniform waveguide of
impedance of „ZO‟ and „Z1‟ as shown in Fig.2. Let
„X‟ be the distance from the end of taper where
impedance is „ZO‟ and assume that impedance in the
taper is the function of „X‟ such that Z (0) = ZO and Z
(L) = Z1 with partitioning interval 0≤X≤L, divided
into equal „N‟ sub intervals. Now we replace the
taper with N uniform waveguides, each having
length of „∆X=L/N‟ let the impedance of the nth
segment be Zn=Z (Xn) as per reference [11]
Fig.2 Tapered waveguide.
Total reflection coefficient is now a function of „N‟
small reflections from the discontinuities at X0, X1,
X2…………..XN. If „N‟ is large the reflection at each
discontinuity is very small. The reflection coefficient
as per reference [11] is given in equation (1)
𝜏 = 𝜏1exp(−2 ∗ 𝛾0 ∗ ∆x) +𝜏2exp(−2 ∗ 𝛾0 ∗
∆x−2 ∗ 𝛾0 ∗ ∆x) +……+ 𝜏 𝑁exp(−2 𝛾 𝑀
𝑁−1
𝑀=0 ∗ ∆x).
𝜏 = 𝜏 𝒏
𝑵
𝒏=𝟏 exp(−2 𝛾 𝑀
𝑁−1
𝑀=0 ∗ ∆x) (1)
Where 𝜸N is the propagation constant in the nth
segment
τn =
zn −zn−1
zn +zn−1
(2)
Substituting the equation (2) in the equation (1) we
get
𝜏 =
𝑧 𝑛 −𝑧 𝑛 −1
𝑧 𝑛 +𝑧 𝑛 −1
∗𝑁
𝑛=1 exp(−2 𝛾 𝑀
𝑁−1
𝑀=0 ∗ ∆x) (3)
In the above equation if „N‟ discontinues approaches
infinity summation becomes integral as shown in
equation (4)
𝜏
= (
𝑍′
(𝑥)
2 𝑧(𝑥)
∗
𝐿
0
exp(−2 𝛾 𝑡 𝑑𝑡). ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑋
0
(4)
Integrating equation (4) we approach to
𝜏 =
−1
4𝛾1
(
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
log 𝑍 1exp(−2 𝛾𝑑𝑥) +
𝐿
0
14𝛾0(𝑑𝑑𝑥log 𝑍0−120𝐿𝑑𝑑𝑥(𝑑𝑑𝑥log 𝑧𝑥∗0𝐿exp−2∗0𝑥𝛾𝑡𝑑𝑡.𝑑𝑥)
(5)
From the general equation (5) we can derive the
particular type of taper for waveguide applications as
follows
𝜏
=
1
4𝛾0
(
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
log 𝑍 0
−1
4𝛾1
(
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
log 𝑍 1exp(−2 𝛾𝑑𝑥)
𝐿
0
+
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝐿
0
(
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
log 𝑧 𝑥
∗ exp −2 ∗ 𝛾 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥
0
. 𝑑𝑥)
𝐿
0
(6)
Equation (6) is the generalized expression depending
upon the parameters of attenuator like length etc. The
above equation can be modified, if ′𝛾′ which not a
function of „x‟ is as
𝜏 =
1
4𝛾𝐿
∗ log
𝑍1
𝑍0
∗ 1 − exp −2 ∗ 𝛾 ∗ 𝐿 (7)
Fig.3 shows a linear taper of the length „L‟ of
dielectric constant „K‟ which Connects a rectangular
waveguide of impedance ZO and Z1 with a taper
section „a‟ and „b‟ which are the linear function of
„x‟.
Fig.3. Sever for FW-TWT
The integrated characteristics impedance defined on
voltage and current basis is given in equation (8)
Z =
πη0
2
∗
b
a∗ k−
λ
2∗a
2
(8)
γ =
i2π
λg
(9)
γ =
i2π
λ
∗ k −
λ
2∗a
2
(10)
Now,
3. B.Manoj Kumar, Prof.K.N. Raja rao, L. Christie / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.483-487
485 | P a g e
𝑑
𝑑𝑥
log(𝑍 ) =
1
𝐿
𝑏1−𝑏0
𝑏
−
a1−a0
a
k
k−
λ
2a
2
(11)
exp [-2 𝛾
𝐿
0
𝑑𝑥] = 𝑍 exp −4𝜋𝑖
𝑑𝑥
𝜆 𝑔
𝐿
0
(12)
Hence,
−2 𝛾
𝐿
0
𝑑𝑥 = −4 𝜋𝑖
𝑑𝑥
𝜆 𝑔
𝐿
0
, We have already derived
the equation of the reflection coefficient of linear
taper as
𝜏 =
𝑖
8𝜋
𝐿
𝜆
∗ 𝑘1 exp −𝑖4𝜋𝑙 − 𝑘0
(13)
𝑘1 =
𝑏1 − 𝑏0
𝑏1
−
a1 − a0
a1
k
k −
λ
2a1
2
𝑘 −
𝜆
2𝑎1
2
(14)
𝑘0 =
𝑏1 − 𝑏0
𝑏0
−
a1 − a0
a0
k
k −
λ
2a0
2
𝑘 −
𝜆
2𝑎0
2
(15)
𝑙 =
1
𝜆
𝐾 −
λ
2𝑎
2𝐿
0
𝑑𝑥
(16)
τ =
1
L
λ
k1
2
+ k0
2
64π2 L
λ
2 −
k0k1 cos(4πl) 2
32π2 L
λ
2
1
2
(17)
VSWR
=
1 + 𝜏
1 − 𝜏
(18)
𝑙 =
𝐿
𝑎1−𝑎0 ∗2
2𝑎1
λ 𝑔1
−
2𝑎0
λ 𝑔0
+
sin −1 λ
2𝑎1 𝐾
−sin −1 λ
2𝑎0 𝐾
𝐾
Where,
λ
𝐾−
λ
2𝑎1
2
= λ 𝑔0 ,
λ
𝐾−
λ
2𝑎0
2
= λ 𝑔1
(19)
Where,
K is the dielectric constant.
a1 is the broad wall dimension of rectangular tapered
waveguide.
a2 is the broad wall dimension of rectangular
folded waveguide slow wave structure.
Fig .4 Coupler structure for FW-TWT.
In the equation (13), (14), (15), (16) and (19) put
K=1 then we get the VSWR for coupler.
III. Results
The VSWR plot for sever shown in Fig. 4 for FW-
TWT (equation (18)) has been simulated at W-band
frequency with dielectric constant of 10.
Fig .4 VSWR vs. Frequency
The VSWR plot of Coupler for FW-TWT at W-band
frequency shown in Fig. 5
1
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.16
1.2
1.24
80 90 100 110 120
---VSWR---
---FREQUENCY(GHZ)---
4. B.Manoj Kumar, Prof.K.N. Raja rao, L. Christie / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.483-487
486 | P a g e
Fig .5 VSWR vs. Frequency
The VSWR plot (as the function of the tapered length) of
sever for FW-TWT at 95GHz shown in Fig.6
Fig.6 VSWR vs. Tapered Length.
The VSWR plot of coupler for FW-TWT at 95GHz
shown in Fig.7
Fig.7 VSWR vs. Tapered Length
IV. Conclusion
The average value of VSWR at W-band for
sever is 1.2 and for the coupler is 1.08. VSWR for
both coupler and sever decreases as the tapered
length increases.
References
[1]. John H. Booske, et al “Accurate parametric
modeling of folded waveguide circuits for
millimeter-wave travelling wave tubes,
“vol.52, no.5, pp.May 2005.
[2]. Jun Cai, Jinjun Feng,XIANPING Wu, Yinfu
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Ma,” Analysis and test preparation of
attenuator for W-band folded waveguide
TWT,” Proceeding of the IEEE
International Vacuum Electronics
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[3]. Jun Cai, Jinjun Feng, Yinfu Hu, Xianping
Wu, Bo Qu, Shoayun Ma, Juxian Zhang,
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[5]. Santanu Dwari, Ajay Chakrabarty, Subrata
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[6]. Santanu Dwari, Ajay Chakrabarty, Subrata
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Waveguide by two approaches”. Progress
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.1
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
80 90 100 110 120
---VSWR---
---FREQUENCY(GHZ)---
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
0.004 0.009 0.014 0.019
---VSWR---
--LENGTH(METERS)--
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
0.004 0.009 0.014 0.019
---VSWR---
---LENGTH(METERS)---
5. B.Manoj Kumar, Prof.K.N. Raja rao, L. Christie / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.483-487
487 | P a g e
In Electromagnetics research, PIER 64,
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[8]. Katsu Matsumaru “Reflection Coefficient of
E-plane Tapered Waveguide”, Ire
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