The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is a very promising technique with which we can
take the advantages of both waveguides and planar transmission lines. Therefore, in [2.1-3] GHz band
various microwave components and devices have been designed successfully using Ansoft HFSS software.
We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler and then made measurements of the frequency
response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network analyzer. Thus, results of this modeling are presented,
discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
COUPLER, POWER DIVIDER AND CIRCULATOR IN V-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUID...ijcsa
In recent years substrate integrated waveguide technology (SIW) has been applied successfully to the conception of planar compact components for the microwave and millimeter waves applications. In this study, a V-band substrate integrated waveguide coupler, power divider and circulator are conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, through this modeling, design considerations and results are discussed and presented. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make these devices structure easily integrated in planar circuits
Substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler in [10 1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high
performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar
technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this
study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized
in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and
allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
Recently there is growing interest in a new technol
ogy, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of
planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In thi
s study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are
conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considera
tions and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact si
ze and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
This paper presents a new type of wideband waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed patch antenna for millimeter wave (mmW). The antenna proposed applies to applications of 31-36 GHz Ka-band such as satellites communications. The SIW is intended with settings for particular slots. The antenna is constructed on Rogers RT5880 (lossy) with 2.2 dielectric constant, l.27 mm thickness, and 0.0009 loss tangent. It is simulated in the programming of computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The simulated results show that the SIW antenna resonates across 31 to 36 GHz bands, which means that this new antenna covers all applications within this range. The reflection coefficients in targeting range are below 10 dB. The antenna achieves good efficiency and gain with 80% and 8.87 dBi respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Leaky Wave Antenna Design Based on Half-mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide...IJECEIAES
A new type of leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) as the base structure is proposed in this paper. The structure consists of an array of slot, antenna designed to operate in X band applications from 8 to 12 GHz. HMSIW preserves nearly all the advantages of SIW whereas its size is nearly reduced by half. The antenna radiates one main beam that can be steered from the backward to the forward direction by changing frequency.
COUPLER, POWER DIVIDER AND CIRCULATOR IN V-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUID...ijcsa
In recent years substrate integrated waveguide technology (SIW) has been applied successfully to the conception of planar compact components for the microwave and millimeter waves applications. In this study, a V-band substrate integrated waveguide coupler, power divider and circulator are conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, through this modeling, design considerations and results are discussed and presented. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make these devices structure easily integrated in planar circuits
Substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler in [10 1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high
performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar
technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this
study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized
in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and
allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
Recently there is growing interest in a new technol
ogy, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of
planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In thi
s study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are
conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considera
tions and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact si
ze and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
This paper presents a new type of wideband waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed patch antenna for millimeter wave (mmW). The antenna proposed applies to applications of 31-36 GHz Ka-band such as satellites communications. The SIW is intended with settings for particular slots. The antenna is constructed on Rogers RT5880 (lossy) with 2.2 dielectric constant, l.27 mm thickness, and 0.0009 loss tangent. It is simulated in the programming of computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The simulated results show that the SIW antenna resonates across 31 to 36 GHz bands, which means that this new antenna covers all applications within this range. The reflection coefficients in targeting range are below 10 dB. The antenna achieves good efficiency and gain with 80% and 8.87 dBi respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Leaky Wave Antenna Design Based on Half-mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide...IJECEIAES
A new type of leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) as the base structure is proposed in this paper. The structure consists of an array of slot, antenna designed to operate in X band applications from 8 to 12 GHz. HMSIW preserves nearly all the advantages of SIW whereas its size is nearly reduced by half. The antenna radiates one main beam that can be steered from the backward to the forward direction by changing frequency.
Equivalent circuit modeling of slotted microstrip patch antennaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
SαS noise suppression for OFDM wireless communication in rayleight channel IJECEIAES
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of multicarrier transmission technique widely used in the modern wireless network to achieve high-speed data transmission with good spectral efficiency. However, in impulsive noise environement BER performances of these systems, originally designed for a Gaussian noise model, are much degraded. In this paper, a new symmetric-alpha-stable (SαS) noise suppression technique based conjointly on adaptive modulation, convolutional coding (AMC) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) filtering is presented. The proposed scheme is applied on OFDM system in Rayleigh fading channel. The transmissions are analyzed under different combinations of digital modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) and convolutional code rates (1/2, 2/3, 3/4). Simulation results show that our proposed hybrid technique provides effective impulsive noise cancelation in OFDM system and exhibits better BER performance.
Directional couplers are widely used as passive and active optical devices in fibre and integrated optics, and form the basis of components such as switches, modulators and wavelength filters. They consist of two closely-spaced parallel waveguides, whose separation is sufficiently small that power may be transferred between the modes propagating in the two guides through an interaction involving their evanescent fields. In this paper results are presented for a range of near infrared single mode silica directional couplers fabricated by electron beam irradiation. The effects of over cladding layers will be highlighted. Changes on coupling coefficient due to different cladding refractive indexes will also be examined. The coupled mode theory will be employed to fit the experimental results with prediction by theory. It is found that over cladding layer alters the transmission characteristics of silica directional couplers.
In this paper, a low pass filter based on T-Shaped resonator is presented. The T-Shaped resonator consists of meandered lines and rectangular patches. Also, the LC model and transfer function of the proposed resonator is presented. For suppression of spurious harmonics, a bandstop structure consists of hexangular patches and open stubs has been utilized. Finally, the wide stopband microstrip lowpass filter with cutoff frequency 2.72 GHz has been simulated, fabricated and measured. The LPF has good characteristics such as wide stopband and insertion loss lower than 0.18 dB in the passband region. The rejection level is less than -20 dB from 2.98 up to 21.3 GHz. The filter size is 10.5 mm×12.7 mm, or 0.131 λg× 0.158 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength. The measured and simulated results of the filter is in good agreement with each other, which show the merits of low insertion loss and wide stopband.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
26 GHz phase shifters for multi-beam nolen matrix towards fifth generation (5...journalBEEI
This paper presents the designs of phase shifters for multi-beam Nolen matrix towards the fifth generation (5G) technology at 26 GHz. The low-cost, lightweight and compact size 0° and 45° loaded stubs and chamfered 90°, 135° and 180° Schiffman phase shifters are proposed at 26 GHz. An edge at a corner of the 50 Ω microstrip line Schiffman phase shifter is chamfered to reduce the excess capacitance and unwanted reflection. However, the Schiffman phase shifter topology is not relevant to be applied for the phase shifter less than 45° as it needs very small arc bending at 26 GHz. The stubs are loaded to the phase shifter in order to obtain electrical lengths, which are less than 45°. The proposed phase shifters provide return loss better than 10 dB, insertion loss of -0.97 dB and phase difference imbalance of ± 4.04° between 25.75GHz and 26.25 GHz. The Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate thickness of 0.254 mm is implemented in the designs.
SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND COUPLER IN [10-1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
DESIGN OF V-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND...csandit
Recently there is growing interest in a new technology, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In this study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considerations and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
Recently there is growing interest in a new technol
ogy, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of
planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In thi
s study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are
conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considera
tions and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact si
ze and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits
DESIGN OF V-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND...cscpconf
Recently there is growing interest in a new technology, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it has been applied successfully to the conception of planar compact components for the microwave and millimeter waves applications. In this tudy, a V-band substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized by Ansoft FSS code. Thus, through this modeling, design considerationsand results are discussed and presented. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make these devices structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
T- Shape Antenna Design for Microwave Band Applications IJEEE
It’s been studied fractal antennas shows promising future. There are numerous kinds of antenna, the thirst for excelling in this area is ever increasing. In this paper a Fractal based Antenna is designed to achieve reduced size and multiband. Fractal antenna is simulated using EM wave simulator like HFSS (High frequency structured simulator) and is designed and developed for multiple applications. The proposed antenna is experimentally realized using FR Epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness h= 1.56 mm with coaxial feeding. The patch has the dimensions of 2.5 cm 2.5 cm. An experimental result of this antenna shows multiband characteristics having resonances at frequencies such as 2.4 GHz , 6.8 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.2 GHz,15.4 GHz with bandwidth of 230 MHz, 2 GHz, 600 MHz, 870 MHz and 2 GHz respectively. Further VSWR is also studied in this paper.
Equivalent circuit modeling of slotted microstrip patch antennaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
SαS noise suppression for OFDM wireless communication in rayleight channel IJECEIAES
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of multicarrier transmission technique widely used in the modern wireless network to achieve high-speed data transmission with good spectral efficiency. However, in impulsive noise environement BER performances of these systems, originally designed for a Gaussian noise model, are much degraded. In this paper, a new symmetric-alpha-stable (SαS) noise suppression technique based conjointly on adaptive modulation, convolutional coding (AMC) and Recursive Least Square (RLS) filtering is presented. The proposed scheme is applied on OFDM system in Rayleigh fading channel. The transmissions are analyzed under different combinations of digital modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) and convolutional code rates (1/2, 2/3, 3/4). Simulation results show that our proposed hybrid technique provides effective impulsive noise cancelation in OFDM system and exhibits better BER performance.
Directional couplers are widely used as passive and active optical devices in fibre and integrated optics, and form the basis of components such as switches, modulators and wavelength filters. They consist of two closely-spaced parallel waveguides, whose separation is sufficiently small that power may be transferred between the modes propagating in the two guides through an interaction involving their evanescent fields. In this paper results are presented for a range of near infrared single mode silica directional couplers fabricated by electron beam irradiation. The effects of over cladding layers will be highlighted. Changes on coupling coefficient due to different cladding refractive indexes will also be examined. The coupled mode theory will be employed to fit the experimental results with prediction by theory. It is found that over cladding layer alters the transmission characteristics of silica directional couplers.
In this paper, a low pass filter based on T-Shaped resonator is presented. The T-Shaped resonator consists of meandered lines and rectangular patches. Also, the LC model and transfer function of the proposed resonator is presented. For suppression of spurious harmonics, a bandstop structure consists of hexangular patches and open stubs has been utilized. Finally, the wide stopband microstrip lowpass filter with cutoff frequency 2.72 GHz has been simulated, fabricated and measured. The LPF has good characteristics such as wide stopband and insertion loss lower than 0.18 dB in the passband region. The rejection level is less than -20 dB from 2.98 up to 21.3 GHz. The filter size is 10.5 mm×12.7 mm, or 0.131 λg× 0.158 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength. The measured and simulated results of the filter is in good agreement with each other, which show the merits of low insertion loss and wide stopband.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
26 GHz phase shifters for multi-beam nolen matrix towards fifth generation (5...journalBEEI
This paper presents the designs of phase shifters for multi-beam Nolen matrix towards the fifth generation (5G) technology at 26 GHz. The low-cost, lightweight and compact size 0° and 45° loaded stubs and chamfered 90°, 135° and 180° Schiffman phase shifters are proposed at 26 GHz. An edge at a corner of the 50 Ω microstrip line Schiffman phase shifter is chamfered to reduce the excess capacitance and unwanted reflection. However, the Schiffman phase shifter topology is not relevant to be applied for the phase shifter less than 45° as it needs very small arc bending at 26 GHz. The stubs are loaded to the phase shifter in order to obtain electrical lengths, which are less than 45°. The proposed phase shifters provide return loss better than 10 dB, insertion loss of -0.97 dB and phase difference imbalance of ± 4.04° between 25.75GHz and 26.25 GHz. The Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate thickness of 0.254 mm is implemented in the designs.
SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND COUPLER IN [10-1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
DESIGN OF V-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND...csandit
Recently there is growing interest in a new technology, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In this study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considerations and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
Recently there is growing interest in a new technol
ogy, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it
has been applied successfully to the conception of
planar compact components for the
microwave and millimeter waves applications. In thi
s study, a V-band substrate integrated
waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are
conceived and optimized by Ansoft HFSS
code. Thus, through this modeling, design considera
tions and results are discussed and
presented. Attractive features including compact si
ze and planar form make these devices
structure easily integrated in planar circuits
DESIGN OF V-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND...cscpconf
Recently there is growing interest in a new technology, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), it has been applied successfully to the conception of planar compact components for the microwave and millimeter waves applications. In this tudy, a V-band substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized by Ansoft FSS code. Thus, through this modeling, design considerationsand results are discussed and presented. Attractive features including compact size and planar form make these devices structure easily integrated in planar circuits.
T- Shape Antenna Design for Microwave Band Applications IJEEE
It’s been studied fractal antennas shows promising future. There are numerous kinds of antenna, the thirst for excelling in this area is ever increasing. In this paper a Fractal based Antenna is designed to achieve reduced size and multiband. Fractal antenna is simulated using EM wave simulator like HFSS (High frequency structured simulator) and is designed and developed for multiple applications. The proposed antenna is experimentally realized using FR Epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness h= 1.56 mm with coaxial feeding. The patch has the dimensions of 2.5 cm 2.5 cm. An experimental result of this antenna shows multiband characteristics having resonances at frequencies such as 2.4 GHz , 6.8 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.2 GHz,15.4 GHz with bandwidth of 230 MHz, 2 GHz, 600 MHz, 870 MHz and 2 GHz respectively. Further VSWR is also studied in this paper.
Design of Linear Array Transducer Using Ultrasound Simulation Program Field-IIinventy
This paper analyze the effect of number of elements of linear array and frequency influence the
image quality in a homogenous medium. Linear arrays are most common for conventional ultrasound imaging,
because of the advantages of electronic focusing and steering. Propagation of ultrasound in biological tissues is
of nonlinear in nature. But linear approximation in far-field is promising solution to model and simulate the
real time ultrasound wave propagation. The simulation of ultrasound imaging using linear acoustics has been
most widely used for understanding focusing, image formation and flow estimation, and it has become a
standard tool in ultrasound research. . In this paper the ultrasound field generated from linear array transducer
and propagation through biological tissues is modeled and simulated using FIELD II program.
Characterization Of Switchable And Multilayered FSS Circuits Using The WCIP M...IJERA Editor
In this paper, we use the Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP) to study the Switchable and multilayered
FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) circuits. The Switchable part is used for the adjustment of the frequency of
the HF Electronics Circuits. This adjustment is applied by the integration of RF-MEMS switches. This system is
based on the use of circuit fabrication processes included. In order to initialize the iterative procedure, an
incident wave is defined in the spectral domain
A Compact Dual Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna For Wireless ApplicationsIJCNCJournal
This paper presents the design of a dual band rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA)
coupled to narrow slot aperture that is fed by microstrip line. The fundamental TE111 mode and
higher-order TE113 mode are excited with their resonant frequencies respectively. These
frequencies can be controlled by changing the DRA dimensions. A dielectric resonator with high
permittivity is used to miniaturize the global structure. The proposed antenna is designed to have
dual band operation suitable for both DCS (1710 - 1880 MHz) and WLAN (2400 - 2484 MHz)
applications. The return loss, radiation pattern and gain of the proposed antenna are evaluated.
Reasonable agreement between simulation and experimental results is obtained.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
An approach to design a rectangular microstrip patch antenna in s band by tlm...prj_publication
In this paper we have designed a rectangular microstrip antenna in ‘S’ band
transmission line model. The S band frequency ranges from 2 GHz to 4GHz for wireless
application. The desired frequency is chosen to be 2.4 GHz at which the patch antenna is
designed to improve the bandwidth. After calculating the various parameters such as width,
effective dielectric constant, effective length and actual length. The antenna impedance is
matched to 50 ohm using inset feed. The results are obtained (Input Impedance, reflection
coefficient, SWR and bandwidth) by using MATLAB software.
Two-section branch-line hybrid couplers based broadband transmit/receive switchIJECEIAES
This article introduces a broadband microstripline-based transmit/receive switch for 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. The designed switch aims to handle a signal of multiple frequencies to/from a multi-tuned radio-frequency coil that resonates at frequencies corresponding to the speed of precession of a wide range of atomic X-nuclei, at the same time and without tuning. These include 1H, 23Na, 13C, 31P, 19F, and 7Li used in magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a measure to the existence of many diseases. The fundamental and third harmonic center frequencies of the switch are adjusted to resonate at two broadbands covering a wide range of atomic X-nuclei. Two section branch-line hybrid couplers with phase inverters are designed to build the broadband switch. The designed switch used the minimum trace widths of transmission lines that reveal a compact size without increasing the heat and then the loss beyond specific values. The couplers and the switch S-parameters exhibited good return loss (<-10 dB), high isolation (<-40 dB), less insertion loss (<1 dB) and two clear wide bands covering many atomic X-nuclei used in diagnosis, at the same time and without the need for any tuning circuit during operation.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
expanding the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna by inserting a slotINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this work we were able to improve the reflection coefficient S11 and bandwidth BW of a rectangular microstrip antenna fed by a coaxial cable firstly by adjusting a the feed point and secondly by inserting a rectangular slot in the radiating element The results obtained using the HFSS software, have been compared by those published. These results are very satisfying.
Similar to Analysis of s band substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler (20)
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
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Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
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If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
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Charlie Greenberg, Host
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
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Topics covered:
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UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
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Analysis of s band substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler
1. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
DOI : 10.5121/ijcsea.2014.4201 1
ANALYSIS OF S-BAND SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED
WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER, CIRCULATOR AND
COUPLER
Rahali Bochra1
, Feham Mohammed1
and Junwu Tao2
1
STIC Laboratory, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
2
LAPLACE Laboratory, INP-ENSEEIHT Toulouse, University of Toulouse
ABSTRACT
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is a very promising technique with which we can
take the advantages of both waveguides and planar transmission lines. Therefore, in [2.1-3] GHz band
various microwave components and devices have been designed successfully using Ansoft HFSS software.
We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler and then made measurements of the frequency
response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network analyzer. Thus, results of this modeling are presented,
discussed and allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
KEYWORDS
Rectangular waveguide, microwave components, SIW, power divider, circulator, coupler, HFSS.
1. INTRODUCTION
Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is one of the most developed platforms so far
as it is quite easy to integrate conventional rectangular waveguide into planar circuits. Easy
integration and a high quality factor are interesting characteristics of the rectangular waveguide in
the technology SIW (RSIW)[1][2]. A large range of SIW components such as bends [3], filters
[4], couplers [5], duplexers [6], sixports junction [7], circulators [8] and phase shifters [9] has
been studied. Figure 1 illustrate the RSIW which is designed from two rows of periodic metallic
posts connected to higher and lower planes mass of dielectric substrate. Figure 2 and 3 shows the
similarity of the geometry and the distribution of the electric field between (RSIW) and the
equivalent rectangular wave guide [2] [3]. In this paper, [2.1-3] GHz band RSIW components are
proposed and optimized. They are essential for many microwave and millimeter-wave integrated
circuits and telecommunication systems.
2. FUNDAMENTAL RSIW CHARACTERISTICS
For designing (RSIW) (Figure 1) many physical parameters are necessary as d the diameter of
holes stems, p the spacing between the holes and W spacing between the two rows of holes.
Between the two metal planes of the dielectric substrate two rows of holes are drilled and
metalized permitting propagation for all modes TEn0 [5]. The lines of current along the lateral
walls of the RSIW are vertical, the fundamental TE10 mode may be propagated. Electrical
2. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
2
performance of RSIW and a conventional rectangular waveguide filled with dielectric of width
W [4] are similar.
Figure 1. Rectangular wave guide integrated into a substrate RSIW
For obtaining the same characteristics of the fundamental mode propagating in the RSIW (Figure
2) having the same height and the same dielectric, empirical equations [2] were derived in order
to determine the width of the equivalent rectangular wave guide
W = W −
.
(1)
p < √ε (2)
p < 4 (3)
λ =
c
f
Where λ is the space wavelength.
Period p must be low for reducing leakage losses between adjoining cylinders. We examined
through this study, the RSIW [2.1-3] GHz from a conventional waveguide [10], the feature
parameters are outlined in Table 1. We deduce the parameters of RSIW and the equivalent
waveguide (Figure 2) Table 1 from the approach cited in [2].
Table 1
Classic wave guide Equivalent wave guide RSIW
WR340,a=86.36mm,
b=43.18mm, ε =1
h=1.5mm, ε = 4.3
W =42.72mm
h=1.5mm,ε =4.3,
d=1mm,p=2mm, W =43.25mm
Figure 2. Equivalent rectangular waveguide and RSIW
3. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
3
HFSS tool [11] based on the finite element method (FEM) allows to optimize initial values W
given by (1), (2) and (3).It also helps give the scatter diagram and layout of the cartography of
the electromagnetic field of the TE10 mode. Through Figure 3 we note similarity between
electromagnetic field distribution of TE10 mode guided in equivalent rectangular waveguide and
RSIW.
Figure 3. Electric field distribution of the TE10 mode in the equivalent rectangular waveguide (a) and
RSIW (b) at the frequency f = 2.5 GHz
Also Figure 4 shows, between these two waveguides ,the coherence of the dispersion
characteristics . It is worth noting that the similarity of propagation is valid for all modes
TEn0.
1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Beta(rd/m)
Frequency GHz
TE10
mode Equivalent rectangular waveguide
TE20
mode Equivalent rectangular waveguide
TE10
mode RSIW
TE20
mode RSIW
Figure 4. Dispersion characteristics
3. RSIW-Microstrip Tapered Transition
For interconnect RSIW to the planar transmission lines the microstrip transition taper [12] is
employed .A tapered section is used to match the impedance between a 50 Ω microstrip line in
which the dominant mode is quasi-TEM and TE10 mode of the RSIW, their electric field
distributions are approximate in the profile of the structure.
From several formulas given [13] initial parameters W and L are determined and optimized with
HFSS [11] Table 2. Figure 5, 6 and 7 shows the proposed transitions of coplanar taper of
dimensions L , W to RSIW and mentioned the results of the RSIW simulation without transition
and with microstrip line to RSIW.
(a) (b)
4. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
4
Table 2
LT 61.5mm
WT 27.1mm
Wmst 3.6mm
L 39.8mm
Figure 5. Electric field distribution of TE10 mode at f = 2.5 GHz in the matched RSIW
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
ISij
IdB
Frequency GHz
IS11
I
Is12
I
Figure 6. Transmission coefficients S21 and reflection S11 of the RSIW
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
ISij
IdB
Frequency GHz
IS11
I
IS21
I
Figure 7. Transmission coefficients S21 and reflection S11
of the matched RSIW with taper
The reflection coefficient S11 remains below -15dB over 28.57% of the frequency band and the
transmission coefficient S21 is around - 0.46 dB across the entire band. Without any mechanical
assembly [14] [15], this concept [13] allows the design of a completely integrated planar circuit of
microstrip and waveguide on the same substrate.
4. DESIGN OF RSIW PASSIVE DEVICES
4.1. SIW Circulator
In high power, the circulator based on waveguide technology [8] is still the best solution for
protection microwave sources. The RSIW circulator geometry (Figure 8) have three access
5. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
5
separate of 120° from each other, around a central body of ferrite (nickel materials and lithium
ferrite) [8] [9]. An incoming wave from port 1, 2 or 3 cannot out by the access 2, 3 or 1,
respectively.
The ideal circulator is able to direct the energy to the next access, the third being isolated. Its S
matrix (4):
[S] =
0 0 e
e 0 0
0 e 0
(4)
In this paper the circulator was designed by using cylindrical metal rods (Tables 1 and 2) with L =
20mm and the saturation magnetization of ferrite material is [9] 4πMs = 5000 Gauss. Its relative
dielectric constant is 13.7 and a radius R calculated by [8].
R =
.
(5)
Where c and ω are respectively the velocity of light in the free space and the operation
frequency [8]. The ferrite radius and height are R =6mm h =1.5mm.
Figure 9 illustrates the distribution of the electric field of the TE10 mode circulator RSIW
simulated by Ansoft HFSS [11] in [2.1-3] GHz band. The frequency response of RSIW circulator,
transmission coefficients S21, reflection coefficients S11 and isolation coefficients S31 are reported
through the Figure 10. The reflection loss S11 below -15 dB occupy more than 23% of the
bandwidth against by the insertion loss S21 is in the range of -0.53 dB, while the maximum of the
isolation S31 is -29.72 dB. At frequency of 2.59 GHz, the two figures 9 and 10 confirm traffic
property of the device [14].
Figure 8. RSIW circulator
Figure 9. Electric field distribution of the TE10 mode of the RSIW circulator at f = 2.67 GHz
6. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
6
2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3,0
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
ISij
IdB
Frequency GHz
IS11
I
IS21
I
IS31
I
Figure 10. Parameters Sij of RSIW circulator
4.2. SIW Power Divider
The power dividers [16] are commonly used to deliver copies of a signal in a system, there are
mainly two types T and Y [14] [15]. Our study focuses on the three ports power dividers with
equal power division ratio where the half power (-3 dB) of an input signal is provided to each of
the two output ports, its S matrix is shown in equation (6)
[S] =
S S S
S S S
S S S
(6)
The analyzed power divider (Figure 11), designed in the [2.1-3] GHz band, is based on three
RSIW of length L=21.3mm connected to form a T. To minimize reflection losses at the input port
an inductive metal cylinder of radius r and position xp is added to this power divider. It is
generally useful to fix the radius r to the corresponding available practical value of diameter
drills, and then change xp to reduce the reflection losses below -15 dB. With added microstrip
transition to each port we can integrate power divider directly into a microstrip circuit.
Figure 11. RSIW power divider
The input wave (port 1) is distributed equally into two parts which output to port 2 and port 3
(Figure 12). Figure 13 indicates that S11 is less than -15 dB between 2.1 GHz and 2.68 GHz which
is more than 24.26 % of the bandwidth. The optimal values of the inductive cylinder are r =
1.2mm, xp=20.57mm. Transmission coefficients S21 and S31 fluctuate between -3.44dB and -
3.61dB being very acceptable levels.
7. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
7
Figure 12. Electric field distribution of the TE10 modeat f = 2.4GHz in the RSIW power divider with
inductive cylinder
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
ISij
IdB
Frequency GHz
IS11
I
IS21
I
IS31
I
Figure 13. Parameters Sij in the RSIW power divider with inductive cylinder
4.3. SIW Coupler
Couplers [5] have been widely used as key components for routing, dividing and combining the
signals in the microwave system. Great interest and effort have been directed to the development
of different types of directional couplers [17] important element in power dividing/combing
networks. The RSIW directional coupler (-3 dB) (Figure 14) is realized by two RSIW with a
common wall on which an aperture is utilized to realize the coupling between these two guides.
The geometry of the coupler [15] is based on an even/odd mode analysis, where β and β are the
propagation constants of the TE10 and TE20 modes, respectively. The phase difference ∆φ (7)
∆φ = (β -β )W (7)
To each port the tapered transition between the 50Ω microstrip line and the RSIW coupler is
added integrating this component directly into a microstrip circuit. The S matrix (8):
[S] =
√
0 1 j 0
1 0 0 j
j 0 0 1
0 j 1 0
(8)
8. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
8
Figure 14 . RSIW coupler
The coupler parameters are finely tuned using HFSS [11] to achieve wide-band performance
(Table 3).
Table 3
L 112mm
W 30mm
L 8mm
W 50mm
L 3mm
Figures 15 and 16 show clearly the directional coupler character in the [2.1-3] GHz band where
we have the levels of reflection and isolation below -15dB with more than 23.46% of the
bandwidth, and which the insertion loss S21 and coupling S31 fluctuate between -6.50 dB and -
7.84 dB. The simulation results prove the good performance of this integrated structure.
Figure 15. Electric field distribution of TE10 mode for RSIW coupler at f=2.9 GHz
9. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
9
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
ISij
IdB
Frequency GHz
IS11
I
IS21
I
IS31
I
IS41
I
Figure 16. Frequency response of the RSIW directional coupler
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-180
-150
-120
-90
-60
-30
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
phasedifferencebetween(S12
-S13
)°
Frequency GHz
S phase difference between (S12
-S13
)°
Figure 17. Simulated phase difference
Figure 17 shows the simulated phase difference between two output ports. It can be seen the
phase difference is distributed in the range 90.14°~94.66°of within the frequency band of 2.41 to
3.14 GHz.
We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler (figure 18) and then made measurements of
the frequency response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network analyzer. We were able to take
the measurements (Figure 19), modules of the reflection coefficients S11, transmission
coefficients S12, coupling and isolation coefficients S13 and S14. These values were then plotted on
graphs and compared with simulated values.
Figure 18. Prototype of SIW coupler
10. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
10
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
ISij
IdB
Frequency GHz
IS11
I
IS21
I
IS31
I
IS41
I
Figure 18. Measured parameters Sij of coupler SIW
The simulated results and the measured results are compared, we note clearly through the Figures
19 (a, b, c, d) a good agreement between simulated and measured values. The results show
precisely the directional behaviour of the circuit in a bandwidth of more than 26.11%,
corresponding to less than -15 dB reflections. In this band insertion and coupling are respectively
on average - 6.46 dB and -7.68 dB. However, the maximum isolation is - 40.02 dB at2.97GHz.
The slight difference between the simulated and measured results from the fact that we did not
take into account losses (in the substrate, the metal walls and radiation between the metal rods)
during the simulation in HFSS using the finite element method which is rigorous.
We can see that the measured insertion loss is sometimes better than the simulated one. This may
be explained by the fact that the substrate loss tangent at 10 GHz given by the manufacturer is
used in the simulation.
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
IS11
IdB
Frequency GHz
Measure
Simulation
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
IS12
IdB
Frequency GHz
Measure
Simulation
a) réfection coefficients b) Transmission coefficients
11. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
11
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
IS13
IdB
Frequency GHz
Measure
simulation
2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3,0 3,1 3,2
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
IS14
IdB
Frequency GHz
Measure
Simulation
c) Couplage coefficients d) Isolation coefficients
Figure 19 (a, b, c, d). Comparison of measured coefficients Sij with those simulated
The proposed directional coupler S-band is totally realized by metallic rods in single-layer
substrate, and take the advantages of compact size, low-weight and low-cost. It is a favorable
choice for designing microwave planar circuits. Prototype of the directional couplers is designed,
fabricated using a PCB process and measured with a VNA. Measured results show the directional
coupler has good performance in broad operating bandwidths.
3. CONCLUSIONS
Through this paper we have investigated a [2.1-3] GHz band substrate integrated waveguide
passive components. We have used Ansoft HFSS software to design three RSIW components, the
circulator, the power divider and coupler. We then proceeded to the realization of the coupler
and then made measurements of the frequency response in the range [2.1-3] GHz using a network
analyzer .We note clearly a good agreement between simulated and measured values. The
simulation results have shown the good performance of these integrated structures.
REFERENCES
[1] Deslandes and K. Wu, “Design Consideration and Performance Analysis of Substrate Integrated
Waveguide Components,” Europ. Microw. Conf., pp.1-4, Oct. 2002.
[2] Rahali Bochra, Feham Mohammed, Junwu TAO, “Design of optimal chamfered bends in Rectangular
Substrate Integrated Waveguide”, IJCSI, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8,
Issue 4, No 2, July 2011.
[3] Rahali Bouchra and Feham mohammed , “Coupler, Power Divider and Circulator in V-Band
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology” IJCSA International Journal on Computational
Sciences & Applications Vol.3, No.6, December 2013 .
[4] A. Adabi and M. Tayarani , “Substrate Integration of Dual Inductive Post Waveguide Filter”,
Electrical Engineering Department IUST University Narmak, Tehran, Iran Progress In
Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 7, 321–329, 2008.
[5] Rahali Bouchra and Feham mohammed ,” Design of K-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide
Coupler, Circulator and Power Divider” IJIEE International Journal of Information and Electronics
Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2014.
[6] Z. C. Hao, W. Hong, J. X. Chen, X. P. Chen and K. Wu, “Planar diplexer for microwave integrated
circuits“, IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 152, No. 6, December 2005.
[7] Xinyu Xu, Renato G. Bosisioand and Ke Wu, “A New Six-Port Junction Based on Substrate
Integrated Waveguide Technology”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.
53, No. 7, July 2005.
12. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.4, No.2, April 2014
12
[8] Wenquan Che, Xiao Jing Ji,Edward K. N. Yung, “Miniaturized Planar Ferrite Junction Circulator in
the Form of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide”, International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-
Aided Engineering 2007 .
[9] Y. J. Ban “Tunable Ferrite Phase Shifters Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technique“
Département de Génie Electrique Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Décembre 2010.
[10] Rahali Bouchra “Contribution à la Modélisation Electromagnétique des structures Complexes
Hyperfréquences en Technologie SIW”, Thèse de doctorat, Département de Génie Electrique et
Electronique, Faculté de Technologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid de Tlemcen Algérie Mai 2013.
[11] User’s guide – High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), v11.0 Ansoft Corporation.
[12] Rahali Bouchra and Feham mohammed,”Substrate Integrated Waveguide Power Divider, Circulator
and Coupler in [10-15]GHz Band” IJIST International Journal of Information Sciences and
Techniques, Vol. 4, No. 1/2, March 2014 ISSN (Online):2249-1139 .
[13] Rahali Bouchra and Feham mohammed,”Design of Ku-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Phase
Shifter ” IJIEE International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, May
2014 ISSN (Online): 2010-3719 .
[14] Nathan Alexander Smith “Substrate Integrated Waveguide Circuits and Systems”,Thesis for the
degree of Master of Engineering , Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McGill
University Montréal, Québec, Canada , May 2010.
[15] Teis Coenen, “Analysis and Design of Post Wall Waveguides for Applications in SIW” , PhD Thesis,
the Telecommunication Engineering group of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and
Computer Science of the University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands,2010.
[16] Simon Germain, Dominic Deslandes , Ke Wu “Development of Substrate Integrated Waveguide
Power Dividers”, Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, Vol.3, pp.1921-1924, 2003.
[17] Tarik Djerafi,“Etude et Réalisation de Matrices à Commutation de Faisceaux en Technologie Guide
D’ondes Integré au Substrat”, These de ph.D Genie Electrique, Département de Génie Electrique
Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, avril 2011.
Authors
Rahali Bouchra received a Magister degree in physics electronics from, University of
Tlemcen (Algeria), in 1986, and the PhD degree in Electromagnetic Modeling of Complex
Structures in Microwave Technology SIW in 2013.Since 1982, she has been Assistant
Professor and been involved in several research projects at STIC laboratory. Her main area
of interest is the simulation of microwave circuits in SIW technology.
Feham Mohammed received the Dr. Eng. degree in optical and microwave
communications from the University of Limoges (France) in 1987, and his PhD in Science
from the University of Tlemcen (Algeria) in 1996. Since 1987, he has been Assistant
Professor and Professor of microwave and communication Engineering. He has served on
the Scientific Council and other committees of the Electronics and Telecommunication
Departments of the University of Tlemcen. His research interest now is mobile networks
and services.