Cattle and buffalo Breeds
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This document discusses types of buffaloes and cattle breeds found in Pakistan. It describes the Nili-Ravi and Kundhi breeds of water buffalo, noting their physical characteristics, production parameters, and reproductive performance. It also outlines two milch cattle breeds: the Sahiwal breed found in Punjab and the Red Sindhi breed found in Sindh and Baluchistan, providing details on their traits.
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Buffalo breeds by Dr B.Sunil kumar
This document describes various buffalo breeds found around the world. It provides details on the origin, distribution, physical characteristics and production performance of major Indian buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Bhadawari, Surti, Mehsana, Jaffarabadi, Nagpuri, Toda, Pandharpuri and Marathwada. It also briefly discusses other Asian, African and wild buffalo species. Key information on each breed's country of origin, identifying physical traits, milk yield levels and reproductive performance is outlined.
Breeds of cattle and buffalo
The document discusses various cattle and buffalo breeds found in India. It separates cattle breeds into three categories: milch breeds which are primarily dairy animals, milch and draught breeds which are used for both dairy and drafting purposes, and draught breeds which are used mainly for drafting. Some major milch breeds discussed are Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar, and Red Sindhi. Major milch and draught breeds include Ongole, Hariana, Kankrej, and Deoni. Amritmahal, Hallikar, and Kangayam are discussed as draught breeds. Exotic dairy breeds Jersey and Holstein Friesian are also mentioned. For buffalo breeds, Mur
Sheeep breeds
This document summarizes sheep breeds found in India. It describes indigenous breeds from different regions including the North-Western arid and semi-arid region. Some key breeds from this region discussed include Chokla/Raata Munda, Nali, Marwari, Magra, and Jaisalmeri which are well-adapted to the harsh climate and produce wool suited for carpets. Exotic breeds introduced to India like Merino and Rambouillet are also summarized briefly for their wool producing abilities.
Buffalo breeds 1
This document provides a classification of various buffalo breeds around the world based on their taxonomy, domestication, and locations. It discusses several Asian and African river and swamp buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Jaffarabad, Surti, Mehsana, Bhadawari, Nagpuri, Pandaripuri, Egyptian, Jimes, Khoozestani, Kerabao, and Tedong. It provides information on their physical characteristics and production traits like milk yield, lactation length, age at first calving, and calving interval.
Major economic traits of cattle and buffalo
Selection and judging of the breeding stocks are the first and foremost steps to start with any breeding programme. For this, a no. of phenotypic and behavioral traits are taken into consideration. Breeding plans for cattle and buffalo should aim to meet the quantitative and qualitative demands of milk and meat in the country. From a practical standpoint, traits with a measurable or at least readily recognizable economic value are generally to be given the most emphasis.The economic traits are typically those that affect either the income obtained or the costs of production. So, a thorough understanding of economic traits of livestock is of utmost importance.
IMPORTANT GOAT BREEDS IN INDIA
1. There are over 20 goat breeds found in India. The major goat farming regions are the northern temperate region, northern western arid and semi-arid region, and southern region.
2. Important goat breeds include the Jamunapari, known for its size and dual meat and milk purpose. The Beetal is considered superior to the Jamunapari for its prolificacy and adaptability. The Sirohi is native to Rajasthan and reared for both meat and milk.
3. Goat breeds are classified according to their functions which include milch breeds known for milk production like the Jamunapari and Mehsana, meat purpose breeds, and dual purpose breeds suitable for both
Management of dairy cattle
The document provides information on the care and management of lactating animals. It discusses the main components of management including feeding, watering, housing, reproductive management, and health care. For feeding, it describes the different feeding practices during early, mid, and late lactation stages. It emphasizes the importance of proper housing, hygiene, milking practices, and health management to maintain high production efficiency and ensure milk safety. Overall, the document outlines best practices for feeding, housing, breeding, health care, and general care of dairy animals.
Exotic cattle breeding
This document provides information on three cattle breeds: Friesian, Jersey, and Ayrshire. It describes their origins, morphological features, weights, milk production characteristics, and compares the key details between the breeds. The Friesian originated in Germany/Netherlands and is large and black-and-white. Jerseys originated on the Isle of Jersey and are smaller with varied coloration. Ayrshires are from Scotland and are brown and white with good grass to milk conversion. The document also briefly discusses common cattle diseases.
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Buffalo breeds by Dr B.Sunil kumar
This document describes various buffalo breeds found around the world. It provides details on the origin, distribution, physical characteristics and production performance of major Indian buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Bhadawari, Surti, Mehsana, Jaffarabadi, Nagpuri, Toda, Pandharpuri and Marathwada. It also briefly discusses other Asian, African and wild buffalo species. Key information on each breed's country of origin, identifying physical traits, milk yield levels and reproductive performance is outlined.
Breeds of cattle and buffalo
The document discusses various cattle and buffalo breeds found in India. It separates cattle breeds into three categories: milch breeds which are primarily dairy animals, milch and draught breeds which are used for both dairy and drafting purposes, and draught breeds which are used mainly for drafting. Some major milch breeds discussed are Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar, and Red Sindhi. Major milch and draught breeds include Ongole, Hariana, Kankrej, and Deoni. Amritmahal, Hallikar, and Kangayam are discussed as draught breeds. Exotic dairy breeds Jersey and Holstein Friesian are also mentioned. For buffalo breeds, Mur
Sheeep breeds
This document summarizes sheep breeds found in India. It describes indigenous breeds from different regions including the North-Western arid and semi-arid region. Some key breeds from this region discussed include Chokla/Raata Munda, Nali, Marwari, Magra, and Jaisalmeri which are well-adapted to the harsh climate and produce wool suited for carpets. Exotic breeds introduced to India like Merino and Rambouillet are also summarized briefly for their wool producing abilities.
Buffalo breeds 1
This document provides a classification of various buffalo breeds around the world based on their taxonomy, domestication, and locations. It discusses several Asian and African river and swamp buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Jaffarabad, Surti, Mehsana, Bhadawari, Nagpuri, Pandaripuri, Egyptian, Jimes, Khoozestani, Kerabao, and Tedong. It provides information on their physical characteristics and production traits like milk yield, lactation length, age at first calving, and calving interval.
Major economic traits of cattle and buffalo
Selection and judging of the breeding stocks are the first and foremost steps to start with any breeding programme. For this, a no. of phenotypic and behavioral traits are taken into consideration. Breeding plans for cattle and buffalo should aim to meet the quantitative and qualitative demands of milk and meat in the country. From a practical standpoint, traits with a measurable or at least readily recognizable economic value are generally to be given the most emphasis.The economic traits are typically those that affect either the income obtained or the costs of production. So, a thorough understanding of economic traits of livestock is of utmost importance.
IMPORTANT GOAT BREEDS IN INDIA
1. There are over 20 goat breeds found in India. The major goat farming regions are the northern temperate region, northern western arid and semi-arid region, and southern region.
2. Important goat breeds include the Jamunapari, known for its size and dual meat and milk purpose. The Beetal is considered superior to the Jamunapari for its prolificacy and adaptability. The Sirohi is native to Rajasthan and reared for both meat and milk.
3. Goat breeds are classified according to their functions which include milch breeds known for milk production like the Jamunapari and Mehsana, meat purpose breeds, and dual purpose breeds suitable for both
Management of dairy cattle
The document provides information on the care and management of lactating animals. It discusses the main components of management including feeding, watering, housing, reproductive management, and health care. For feeding, it describes the different feeding practices during early, mid, and late lactation stages. It emphasizes the importance of proper housing, hygiene, milking practices, and health management to maintain high production efficiency and ensure milk safety. Overall, the document outlines best practices for feeding, housing, breeding, health care, and general care of dairy animals.
Exotic cattle breeding
This document provides information on three cattle breeds: Friesian, Jersey, and Ayrshire. It describes their origins, morphological features, weights, milk production characteristics, and compares the key details between the breeds. The Friesian originated in Germany/Netherlands and is large and black-and-white. Jerseys originated on the Isle of Jersey and are smaller with varied coloration. Ayrshires are from Scotland and are brown and white with good grass to milk conversion. The document also briefly discusses common cattle diseases.
IMPORTANT SHEEP BREEDS IN INDIA
The document provides information on important sheep breeds found in India. It discusses sheep breeds from northern, southern, and western regions of India. Some key breeds mentioned include the Gaddi from Himachal Pradesh known for its long wool, the Marwari from Rajasthan which produces 1.6 kg of wool on average, and the Sonadi breed found in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Details are provided on the physical characteristics, wool production capabilities, and geographical distribution of various Indian sheep breeds.
Dairy farm cattle management
The document discusses the Rural Dairy Farmer Empowerment Program. It covers various topics related to dairy farming including principles of dairy farm management, factors affecting dairy herd production and health like nutrition, cow comfort and reproduction. It also discusses facilities, environment, calf rearing, breeding, milking methods and organic milk production. The key aspects covered are the three factors of nutrition, comfort and reproduction that determine dairy cow health and productivity and the life cycle of a dairy cow from birth to dry periods that can largely be managed through scheduled activities.
Breeds of pig
This document discusses different breeds of pigs found in Nepal and other parts of the world. It provides details on the physical characteristics, reproduction traits, growth rates, and uses of various local Nepali breeds like Jangali Bandel, Pygmi Bandel, Hurra, Banmpudke, and Dharane Kalo Banggur. It also describes commercial breeds from other countries commonly used for meat production like Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, Tamworth, Landrace, Poland China, and Meishan. The Meishan breed from China is noted for its extremely high prolificacy with large litter sizes.
Calf management
This document discusses management practices for calves, including neonatal calf care after birth, colostrum feeding, housing and environment, weaning, disease management, and vaccinations. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of neonatal care like checking vital signs at birth, feeding colostrum in the first 24 hours to provide antibodies, providing a stress-free environment for housing, and vaccinating to protect calves due to their immature immune systems. The goal of these practices is to reduce calf mortality rates and support healthy development.
Breeds of cattle in india
This document provides information on various cattle breeds found in India. It discusses milch, dual purpose and drought breeds. Key milch breeds described include Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi and Tharparker. Some dual purpose breeds covered are Hariana, Ongole and Kankrej. Drought breeds mentioned include Hallikar, Amritmahal, Khillari and Kangayam. For each breed, details are given on origin, physical characteristics and traits like milk yield. The document serves as a reference for the different types of cattle breeds reared across India.
INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC BREEDS OF LIVESTOCK
This document provides information on various cattle and buffalo breeds found in India, including their home tracts, weights, and key features. It discusses important indigenous milch, dual-purpose, and drought-purpose cattle breeds such as Sahiwal, Gir, and Kherigarh. It also covers exotic dairy cattle breeds like Jersey and Brown Swiss. Key indigenous buffalo breeds described are Murrah, Surti, Nili Ravi, and Mehsana. The document concludes with details on goat breeds like Malabari, Berari, Mehsana, Osmanabadi, Marwari, and exotic dairy goat breeds Saanen and Toggenburg.
Brooding and management
This document discusses brooding management for raising baby chicks. It covers the objectives of brooding, types of brooders, preparing the brooding area, and the importance of environment control. Natural brooding involves using broody hens, while artificial brooding uses equipment like heat sources, reflectors, and guards. Different heating sources and brooder types are described. Optimal brooding temperatures and the importance of ventilation and humidity control are also outlined. Feeding, vaccination, and general chick care procedures during the brooding period are provided.
care and management of pregnant animals in ruminants and swine
This document provides information on the care and management of pregnant animals in ruminants and swine. It discusses that ruminants have specialized stomachs that allow them to digest plant matter through microbial fermentation. For cattle, it recommends identifying pregnancy after 90 days, providing gentle treatment and adequate feeding. For goats and sheep, it suggests separating pregnant animals and providing extra feeding in the later stages. For pregnant sows, it advises giving special attention one week before farrowing by providing space, feed and water and disinfecting pens before moving sows in.
Session 2 Restraint Principles Sheep
This document provides information on terminology, behavior, and restraint techniques for sheep, goats, and pigs. It defines common terms for each species and their production purposes. Details are given on their normal behaviors and what to be aware of when handling each animal. Methods for capture, restraint, and specific positions for various procedures are described. Safety tips are emphasized, such as using minimal restraint needed and having an escape route when working with pigs.
Lecture 4: Calf management
This document provides guidelines for calf rearing, including colostrum feeding, milk feeding amounts and schedules, housing, and general health management. The key recommendations are to feed colostrum within the first 8 hours, provide 8-10% of birth weight in milk daily for 8 weeks, house calves individually until 1 month old, and clean and disinfect housing and equipment regularly. Basic principles like cleanliness, adequate colostrum and nutrition, and preventing stress are essential to successful calf rearing.
Dairy breeds
This document discusses the characteristics of various dairy cattle breeds found in India. It describes the origins, distinguishing physical traits, and milk production capacities of important native breeds like Sahiwal, Gir and Tharparkar as well as exotic breeds introduced to India such as Holstein Friesian and Jersey. It also examines hybrid breeds developed in India through crossbreeding native and exotic cattle. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for the traits and production capacities of different dairy cattle breeds in India.
Duck breeds & turkeys
Ducks are mainly classified into two types - egg type and meat type breeds. The document describes the physical features and characteristics of various meat type duck breeds including Muscovy, Aylesbury, Pekins, and Rouen as well as egg type breeds like Khaki Campbell and Indian Runner. The Muscovy originated in Brazil and has unique traits such as hissing instead of quacking and laying eggs in clutches. The Pekin is one of the most popular meat breeds while the Aylesbury is known for its pure white plumage and use for meat. Indian Runners are considered the best egg producing breed, capable of laying over 300 eggs per year.
Animal breeding course
This document provides information about an animal breeding course taught by Abdirahman Awsamire at the University of Hargeisa. The course covers the historical development of animal breeding, identification of livestock breeds, genetic parameters, methods of selection, breeding programs, and conservation of animal genetic resources. The objective is for students to understand concepts of animal breeding including methods of selection, identification of livestock breeds, genetic parameters, relationship categories, and principles of breeding programs and genetic conservation.
Poultry Feed formulation
This document provides information on poultry feed formulation by Dr. C. Seenivasan. It discusses the process of quantifying feed ingredients to meet poultry nutrient requirements. It describes different feed types and classifications of ingredients including protein sources, energy sources, vitamins, and minerals. The document outlines the nutrient requirements for broilers and layers at different growth stages. It also discusses the poultry digestive system and key aspects of least cost feed formulation such as raw material and processing costs. Sample feed formulations are provided for broiler pre-starter, starter, and finisher feeds.
Unit 20 General principles of computation of ration.pptx
Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy discusses the importance of properly formulating animal rations to meet their nutritional requirements in a cost effective manner. Imbalanced feeding can result in low production, poor health, and lower profits for farmers. Properly formulated rations should be based on the animal's age, weight, function, and environmental conditions according to industry standards. The ration should contain a balanced mix of nutrients from various feedstuffs selected based on availability, price, and nutritional composition.
Transition cow management
The document discusses transition cow management, which refers to the three weeks before and after calving. This is an important period as the cow's metabolism and nutrient demands dramatically increase. How the cow copes during this transition period will impact her performance for the rest of the lactation cycle. The document outlines the goals, stages, and feeding recommendations for transition cows. It emphasizes the importance of meeting calcium and energy demands through close-up rations with proper DCAD levels to minimize health issues in fresh cows.
Feed and fodder By Abhishek Sharma
Non leguminous fodder-
1) Maize (Zea mays): Maize forage is more nutritious at milk stage. It is non leguminous kharif crop . it is a maintenance type fodder having 8-10% protein.
2) Jowar/sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare): Green jower contain 0.5% DCP,16% TDN, 0.13% Ca and 0.03% Phosphorus. For feeding of livestock it should be harvested at 50% flowering stage.
3) Bajra or Pearl Millet (Pennesetum typhoids) : It is harvested before flowering stage for feeding the animals. It contain 13% TDN and 0.9% DCP.
4) Oats (Avena sativa) : This is the non leguminous crop of the rabi season .It is the best crop for hay making. It is a maintenance type fodder having 7-9 % CP and 55 % TDN.
Leguminous fodder :
1) Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium): Berseem is one of the most important cultivated crop of India. Kashni is the weed crop grown along with berseem. It is grown in rabi season. It contain 15% CP and 60 % TDN. But excessive intake of berseem may lead to bloat condition.
2) Lucerne (Medicago sativa) : this is the productive type fodder it contain 12-15% CP and 55- 60 % TDN
3) Lobia or Cow pea (Vigna sinensis ): It contains on an average 15% CP and 30 % crude fiber on dry matter basis.
Concentrate:
1) Cereal grains- The cereal grains are high in starch and low in fibre. The DCP range between 7-10 % and TDN from 70-80%. The cereals are all deficient in Ca containing less than 1g/kg DM. the Phosphorus content is higher being 3-5g/kg . the cereal grains are deficient in Vitamin D.
2) Barley (Hordeum sativum): Barley being the second main rabi crop of India. It contains 7-8 percent DCP and 75-80 percent TDN, 0.07 percent Ca and 0.28 percent P. Barley is deficient in vitamin A, D and riboflavin but rich in niacin content.
3) Maize (Zea mays): Maize contains 7 percent DCP and 80 percent TDN. The yellow maize contains enough amount of carotene, hence good for feeding of livestock and poultry birds. It is deficient in lysine and methionine. Maize contains about 730 gm starch/ Kg DM, is very low in fibre and has a high metabolised energy value.
4) Gram: Gram contains 12 to 16 percent DCP and 78 percent TDN. Animals have great liking for this grain and so, used for preparing the concentrate mixture for feeding the livestock.
5) Jowar: Whole grains are usually fed to chickens. It contains 7 percent DCP and 74 percent TDN and high percentage of leucine.
Indigenous fowl in india
This document provides information on various indigenous fowl breeds found in India. It discusses 18 different breeds including Aseel, Kadaknath, Naked Neck, and Frizzle. For each breed, it describes their origin/distribution, physical characteristics, and performance attributes like body weight, egg production, and fertility. The document emphasizes the importance of indigenous breeds for their disease resistance and adaptability to local climates. It highlights the Aseel, Kadaknath, and Naked Neck breeds in more detail than the others.
Buffalo breeds
This document provides information on several buffalo breeds:
- Local buffalo are found in Sri Lanka and used for power in rice cultivation, producing 350-390kg milk per lactation.
- Nili Ravi buffalo are from Pakistan and known for milk production, averaging 1600kg per 250-day lactation. They have a black or brown color.
- Murrah buffalo originate from India and Pakistan and are considered the premier milking breed. They are jet black with short, backward curving horns. Females produce on average 1500-2000kg milk per lactation.
- Surti buffalo are from India and known as a milk type. They have sickle-shaped horns
BREEDS OF SWINE
This document summarizes several indigenous and exotic pig breeds. It describes 7 indigenous Indian breeds including Doom from Assam, Tenyi Vo from Nagaland, Zovawk from Mizoram, Niang Megha from Meghalaya, Ghungroo from West Bengal, Nicobari from Andaman and Nicobar islands, and Agonda Goan from Goa. It also describes two newly registered indigenous breeds - Mali from Tripura and Purnea from Jharkhand. Additionally, it provides details on several exotic pig breeds from UK, USA, and Denmark including Yorkshire, Berkshire, Landrace, Duroc, Hampshire, Tamworth, Chester White, and Hereford.
buffalobreeds1-141107235449-conversion-gate02 (1).pdf
The Murrah buffalo breed originated from regions in India and Pakistan. It is considered the premier milking buffalo breed. Murrah buffaloes are heavy-bodied with jet black color. They produce high quantities of milk, averaging 450-550 kg per lactation period. Murrah buffaloes require quality feed including green fodder, dry fodder, and concentrated supplements calculated based on milk production. They are an important livestock for dairy farming and agriculture in parts of India and elsewhere in Asia.
Buffalo breeds in Sri Lanka
The document discusses several breeds of domestic buffalo including their origins and characteristics. The local buffalo breed from Sri Lanka is described as small in size and used for power in rice cultivation. The Nili Ravi breed is from Pakistan and known for its large milk production of up to 1,600 kg per lactation. The Surti breed from India is identified by its sickle-shaped horns and produces between 1,500-2,000 kg of milk. The Murrah breed, originally from India, is praised for its high milk yields of over 2,000 kg and is used globally to improve dairy buffalo.
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IMPORTANT SHEEP BREEDS IN INDIA
The document provides information on important sheep breeds found in India. It discusses sheep breeds from northern, southern, and western regions of India. Some key breeds mentioned include the Gaddi from Himachal Pradesh known for its long wool, the Marwari from Rajasthan which produces 1.6 kg of wool on average, and the Sonadi breed found in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Details are provided on the physical characteristics, wool production capabilities, and geographical distribution of various Indian sheep breeds.
Dairy farm cattle management
The document discusses the Rural Dairy Farmer Empowerment Program. It covers various topics related to dairy farming including principles of dairy farm management, factors affecting dairy herd production and health like nutrition, cow comfort and reproduction. It also discusses facilities, environment, calf rearing, breeding, milking methods and organic milk production. The key aspects covered are the three factors of nutrition, comfort and reproduction that determine dairy cow health and productivity and the life cycle of a dairy cow from birth to dry periods that can largely be managed through scheduled activities.
Breeds of pig
This document discusses different breeds of pigs found in Nepal and other parts of the world. It provides details on the physical characteristics, reproduction traits, growth rates, and uses of various local Nepali breeds like Jangali Bandel, Pygmi Bandel, Hurra, Banmpudke, and Dharane Kalo Banggur. It also describes commercial breeds from other countries commonly used for meat production like Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, Tamworth, Landrace, Poland China, and Meishan. The Meishan breed from China is noted for its extremely high prolificacy with large litter sizes.
Calf management
This document discusses management practices for calves, including neonatal calf care after birth, colostrum feeding, housing and environment, weaning, disease management, and vaccinations. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of neonatal care like checking vital signs at birth, feeding colostrum in the first 24 hours to provide antibodies, providing a stress-free environment for housing, and vaccinating to protect calves due to their immature immune systems. The goal of these practices is to reduce calf mortality rates and support healthy development.
Breeds of cattle in india
This document provides information on various cattle breeds found in India. It discusses milch, dual purpose and drought breeds. Key milch breeds described include Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi and Tharparker. Some dual purpose breeds covered are Hariana, Ongole and Kankrej. Drought breeds mentioned include Hallikar, Amritmahal, Khillari and Kangayam. For each breed, details are given on origin, physical characteristics and traits like milk yield. The document serves as a reference for the different types of cattle breeds reared across India.
INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC BREEDS OF LIVESTOCK
This document provides information on various cattle and buffalo breeds found in India, including their home tracts, weights, and key features. It discusses important indigenous milch, dual-purpose, and drought-purpose cattle breeds such as Sahiwal, Gir, and Kherigarh. It also covers exotic dairy cattle breeds like Jersey and Brown Swiss. Key indigenous buffalo breeds described are Murrah, Surti, Nili Ravi, and Mehsana. The document concludes with details on goat breeds like Malabari, Berari, Mehsana, Osmanabadi, Marwari, and exotic dairy goat breeds Saanen and Toggenburg.
Brooding and management
This document discusses brooding management for raising baby chicks. It covers the objectives of brooding, types of brooders, preparing the brooding area, and the importance of environment control. Natural brooding involves using broody hens, while artificial brooding uses equipment like heat sources, reflectors, and guards. Different heating sources and brooder types are described. Optimal brooding temperatures and the importance of ventilation and humidity control are also outlined. Feeding, vaccination, and general chick care procedures during the brooding period are provided.
care and management of pregnant animals in ruminants and swine
This document provides information on the care and management of pregnant animals in ruminants and swine. It discusses that ruminants have specialized stomachs that allow them to digest plant matter through microbial fermentation. For cattle, it recommends identifying pregnancy after 90 days, providing gentle treatment and adequate feeding. For goats and sheep, it suggests separating pregnant animals and providing extra feeding in the later stages. For pregnant sows, it advises giving special attention one week before farrowing by providing space, feed and water and disinfecting pens before moving sows in.
Session 2 Restraint Principles Sheep
This document provides information on terminology, behavior, and restraint techniques for sheep, goats, and pigs. It defines common terms for each species and their production purposes. Details are given on their normal behaviors and what to be aware of when handling each animal. Methods for capture, restraint, and specific positions for various procedures are described. Safety tips are emphasized, such as using minimal restraint needed and having an escape route when working with pigs.
Lecture 4: Calf management
This document provides guidelines for calf rearing, including colostrum feeding, milk feeding amounts and schedules, housing, and general health management. The key recommendations are to feed colostrum within the first 8 hours, provide 8-10% of birth weight in milk daily for 8 weeks, house calves individually until 1 month old, and clean and disinfect housing and equipment regularly. Basic principles like cleanliness, adequate colostrum and nutrition, and preventing stress are essential to successful calf rearing.
Dairy breeds
This document discusses the characteristics of various dairy cattle breeds found in India. It describes the origins, distinguishing physical traits, and milk production capacities of important native breeds like Sahiwal, Gir and Tharparkar as well as exotic breeds introduced to India such as Holstein Friesian and Jersey. It also examines hybrid breeds developed in India through crossbreeding native and exotic cattle. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for the traits and production capacities of different dairy cattle breeds in India.
Duck breeds & turkeys
Ducks are mainly classified into two types - egg type and meat type breeds. The document describes the physical features and characteristics of various meat type duck breeds including Muscovy, Aylesbury, Pekins, and Rouen as well as egg type breeds like Khaki Campbell and Indian Runner. The Muscovy originated in Brazil and has unique traits such as hissing instead of quacking and laying eggs in clutches. The Pekin is one of the most popular meat breeds while the Aylesbury is known for its pure white plumage and use for meat. Indian Runners are considered the best egg producing breed, capable of laying over 300 eggs per year.
Animal breeding course
This document provides information about an animal breeding course taught by Abdirahman Awsamire at the University of Hargeisa. The course covers the historical development of animal breeding, identification of livestock breeds, genetic parameters, methods of selection, breeding programs, and conservation of animal genetic resources. The objective is for students to understand concepts of animal breeding including methods of selection, identification of livestock breeds, genetic parameters, relationship categories, and principles of breeding programs and genetic conservation.
Poultry Feed formulation
This document provides information on poultry feed formulation by Dr. C. Seenivasan. It discusses the process of quantifying feed ingredients to meet poultry nutrient requirements. It describes different feed types and classifications of ingredients including protein sources, energy sources, vitamins, and minerals. The document outlines the nutrient requirements for broilers and layers at different growth stages. It also discusses the poultry digestive system and key aspects of least cost feed formulation such as raw material and processing costs. Sample feed formulations are provided for broiler pre-starter, starter, and finisher feeds.
Unit 20 General principles of computation of ration.pptx
Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy discusses the importance of properly formulating animal rations to meet their nutritional requirements in a cost effective manner. Imbalanced feeding can result in low production, poor health, and lower profits for farmers. Properly formulated rations should be based on the animal's age, weight, function, and environmental conditions according to industry standards. The ration should contain a balanced mix of nutrients from various feedstuffs selected based on availability, price, and nutritional composition.
Transition cow management
The document discusses transition cow management, which refers to the three weeks before and after calving. This is an important period as the cow's metabolism and nutrient demands dramatically increase. How the cow copes during this transition period will impact her performance for the rest of the lactation cycle. The document outlines the goals, stages, and feeding recommendations for transition cows. It emphasizes the importance of meeting calcium and energy demands through close-up rations with proper DCAD levels to minimize health issues in fresh cows.
Feed and fodder By Abhishek Sharma
Non leguminous fodder-
1) Maize (Zea mays): Maize forage is more nutritious at milk stage. It is non leguminous kharif crop . it is a maintenance type fodder having 8-10% protein.
2) Jowar/sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare): Green jower contain 0.5% DCP,16% TDN, 0.13% Ca and 0.03% Phosphorus. For feeding of livestock it should be harvested at 50% flowering stage.
3) Bajra or Pearl Millet (Pennesetum typhoids) : It is harvested before flowering stage for feeding the animals. It contain 13% TDN and 0.9% DCP.
4) Oats (Avena sativa) : This is the non leguminous crop of the rabi season .It is the best crop for hay making. It is a maintenance type fodder having 7-9 % CP and 55 % TDN.
Leguminous fodder :
1) Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium): Berseem is one of the most important cultivated crop of India. Kashni is the weed crop grown along with berseem. It is grown in rabi season. It contain 15% CP and 60 % TDN. But excessive intake of berseem may lead to bloat condition.
2) Lucerne (Medicago sativa) : this is the productive type fodder it contain 12-15% CP and 55- 60 % TDN
3) Lobia or Cow pea (Vigna sinensis ): It contains on an average 15% CP and 30 % crude fiber on dry matter basis.
Concentrate:
1) Cereal grains- The cereal grains are high in starch and low in fibre. The DCP range between 7-10 % and TDN from 70-80%. The cereals are all deficient in Ca containing less than 1g/kg DM. the Phosphorus content is higher being 3-5g/kg . the cereal grains are deficient in Vitamin D.
2) Barley (Hordeum sativum): Barley being the second main rabi crop of India. It contains 7-8 percent DCP and 75-80 percent TDN, 0.07 percent Ca and 0.28 percent P. Barley is deficient in vitamin A, D and riboflavin but rich in niacin content.
3) Maize (Zea mays): Maize contains 7 percent DCP and 80 percent TDN. The yellow maize contains enough amount of carotene, hence good for feeding of livestock and poultry birds. It is deficient in lysine and methionine. Maize contains about 730 gm starch/ Kg DM, is very low in fibre and has a high metabolised energy value.
4) Gram: Gram contains 12 to 16 percent DCP and 78 percent TDN. Animals have great liking for this grain and so, used for preparing the concentrate mixture for feeding the livestock.
5) Jowar: Whole grains are usually fed to chickens. It contains 7 percent DCP and 74 percent TDN and high percentage of leucine.
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- 1. TYPES & BREEDS OF LOCAL, EXOTIC & CROSSBRED BUFFALOES & CATTLE Prepared By Dr Usman Khlaid Goraya DVM (IUB)
- 2. BUFFALOES • Family: Bovidae • Species: (Bos Bubualus bubalis): Types of buffaloes: Cape buffalo of Africa Water buffalo: Near & Middle east Swamp or marsh buffalo: Far East. • differ from each other in body appearance, habits & temperament. •
- 3. • Buffalo found in Indo-Pak subcontinent belongs to the water buffalo group • Although raised for milk production, Pakistani buffaloes are considered to be triple purpose domestic animals (milk, meat & draught)
- 4. NILI-RAVI • Home Tract: • Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Okara, Sahiwal, Multan, Bahawalpur and Bahwalnagar • Physical Characters: Massive & wedged shape, Black and/or white muzzle, lower parts of 4 legs, fore head & switch of tail (PUNJKALIAN) Small curly horns and walleye
- 5. • Production Parameters: • Maturity: Males; 30 months, • female: 36 months, • Milk yield: 1800-2500 liters with a 6.5% fat, • Body weight: Males: 550-650Kg, • Females: 350-450Kg. • Growth rate: 800-1000gm/d.
- 6. • Reproductive Performance • Age at 1st calving, 47 months • lactation length, 312 days • dry period, 198 days • service period, 211 days • calving interval 520 days • gestation period 30610 days
- 8. KUNDI • Home Tract: • both sides of river Indus from Kashmore to Shah Bandar (Sindh). • Physical Characters: • Massive jet-black, • Horns broad at the base and taper up ward and in ward (fish hook shape) • Broad fore head, short neck & medium sized ears.
- 9. Production Parameters: Maturity • Males, 30 months; • Female, 36 months • Milk yield: 1700-2200 liters with a 6% butterfat. Body weight: • Males, 500-600Kg; • Females, 300-400Kg.
- 10. • Age at 1st calving, 54 months • lactation length, 335 days • dry period, 226 days • service period, 274 days • calving interval 581 days • gestation period 30610 days
- 13. BREEDS OF CATTLE • Family: Bovidae. • European cattle non-humped: Bos taraus • Pakistani cattle • Humped (Zebu): Bos indicus • Typess: 3 on the basis of the purpose for which it is mainly kept.
- 14. MILCH BREEDS
- 15. SAHIWAL • Home Tract: • Faisalabad, Okara & Sahiwal & Multan (Punjab). • Physical Characters: • Medium in size, fleshy body, • Females reddish dun color, males have darker color around orbit, neck & hindquarter. • Males: stumpy horns Females: generally poled. Ears: Medium sized & dropping, Hump in males is massive but nominal in females. Switch of tail: black.
- 16. • Milk yield; 1500-2200 liters with a 4.5% butterfat. • Body weight: Males: 400-500Kg, Females: 300-350Kg. • Average GR is 0.4-0.5 Kg males & 0.3 to 0.35 Kg females.
- 17. • Age at maturity 850 days • age at 1st calving 3½ to 4 years • lactation length 275 days • dry period 142 days • calving interval 412 days • gestation period 28010 days
- 20. RED SINDHI • Home Tract: • Karachi, Thata, Dadu, Hyderabad (Sindh) & Lasbella (Baluchistan) • Physical Characters: • Medium in size, compact body & red color; Males: darker around shoulders, Hindquarters are round, switch of tail black, Ears medium sized & dropping, • Hump in males well developed & ears are fine & small,
- 21. • Milk yield: 1500-2000 liters with a 4.0% butterfat. • Body weight: – Males 425-525Kg; – Females 300-350Kg. • Average growth rate is 0.3 Kg in males & 0.23 Kg in females.
- 22. • Age at 1st calving, 1180 days • lactation length, 275 days • dry period, 180 days • calving interval 430 days • gestation period 28010 days
- 25. 25 Nili-Ravi
- 26. 26 Kundhi
- 27. 27 Sahiwal
- 28. 28 Red Sindhi