Trojans are malicious software that masquerade as legitimate programs to gain access to systems and steal information without the owner's consent. They function by tricking users into installing programs that then allow remote access. Trojans can delete or change files, steal passwords and bank details, run or end processes, and erase hard drives. They typically connect via a client-server model, using direct or inverse connections to bypass firewalls. Common infection methods include downloading infected programs, visiting malicious websites, and opening attachments in emails. Antivirus software can help identify and remove Trojans to prevent further harm.