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Carpentry
This document discusses various topics related to woodworking and carpentry. It defines key terms like board foot, which is a unit used to measure lumber. It also lists common woodworking tools categorized into testing tools, marking tools, holding tools, cutting tools, smooth facing tools, boring tools, and fastening tools. Additionally, it explains different types of wood joints like mortise joints, tenon joints, and dovetail joints which involve fitting pieces of wood together.
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Carpentry
- 1. Presented by: NicolasO. Geotina Polytechnic University of the Philippines
- 3. Timber sawed into boards, planks, or other structural members of standard or specified length. Is the art of combining pieces of lumber to support weight or to resist pressure. The wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material.
- 4. Board Foot meansone square foot of wood of one inch thick. The formula used to find board foot is: 𝒕𝒉𝒊 𝒄 𝒌𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒙 𝒘𝒊 𝒅 𝒕𝒉 𝒙 𝒍 𝒆 𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝑩𝑶𝑨𝑹𝑫 𝑭𝑶𝑶𝑻 = 𝟏𝟐
- 5. 1.The thickness andwidth of lumber is in inches while the length is in feet of even length. 2.Lumber of nominal sizes from 2” x 2” and lower, are no longer computed in board foot, but in linear foot. 3.The price of lumber is variable depending upon: a. Length. b. Width. c. Kind of lumber.
- 6. Common: A. Testing Tools D. Cutting Tools 1. Square 1. Saws 2. Level 2. Chisel 3. Bevel E. Smooth Facing Tools 4. Plumb Bob 1. Plane B. Marking Tools F. Boring Tools 1. Lead 1. Twist Drill Pencil/Chalk G. Fastening Tools 2. Scriber 1. Hammer 3. Compass 2. Wrench C. Holding Tools 3. Screw Driver 1. Clamp
- 13. The union oftwo or more smooth or even surfaces admitting two or more pieces of lumber to a closed fitting or junction. Joinery – is the art of joint making Mortise Joint – Mortise is defined as a space in lumber joint hollowed out to receive a tenon or the like. Tenon Joint – is a projection to be inserted into a socket or mortise in another lumber to make joint. Dovetail Joint – is defined as partially housed tapered mortise and tenon joint. The word dovetail is used figuratively.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Making things from wood is one of the oldest occupations in the world. The craft of the carpenter and joiner has a real and tangible tradition behind it. Carpentry is the art of combining pieces of lumber to support weight or to resist pressure.
- #3 What come into your mind when you hear the word Carpentry?
- #4 Lumber - Timber sawed into boards, planks, or other structural members of standard or specified length.Timber - the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building materialPlywood – is related product of wood which is light in weight and strong that screw or nail can be driven close to the edges without danger of splitting.Note: Plywood thickness varies from 3.2 mm (1/8); 4.7 mm
- #5 Note: Commercial Lengths is 8 ft., 10 ft., and 12 ft.,
- #6 The thickness and width of lumber is in inches while the length is in feet of even length. In short, odd number is unknown in the language of lumber in terms of length. For example, a structural that is needed for a span of 4,000 meters is 13 ft, if odd length is not recognized in the dictionary of lumber then the order will be 14 ft.Lumber of nominal sizes from 2” x 2” and lower, are no longer computed in board foot, but in linear foot. Meaning, the length of wood in feet will be multiplied by the unit price. Board foot computation is set aside.The price of lumber is variable depending upon: a. Length. The longer the wood the higher is the unit price. b. Width. The wider the width the higher is the unit price. c. Kind of wood. Good wood command good price, bad wood lower price.
- #7 Common:Testing Tools 1. Square – is a standard right angle tools used for marking and testing works. 2. Level – I used for both guiding and testing the works to a vertical or horizontal position 3. Bevel - 4. Plumb Bob – is a metal tool used to check a vertical line. The word plumb means perpendicular to a horizontal line. B. Marking Tools 1. Lead Pencil/Chalk – Used for marking rough works 2. Scriber – made of hard end steel with sharp point designed to mark fine lines. 3. Compass – used to described an arc of a circle.C. Holding Tools 1. Clamp – holding tools regarded as rigid and strong enough in pressing tightly the materials together.D. Cutting Tools 1. Saws-toothed cutting tools 2. Files – metal tools of different shape and size used for abrading, reducing, smothering and cutting metals, woods or other materials. 3. Chisel – indispensable tool in carpentry works considered as the most abused tool.E. Smooth Facing Tools 1. Plane – guided sharp edge cutting toolsF. Boring Tools 1. Twist Drill – designed for drilling small holesG. Fastening Tools 1. Hammer – used to fix or connect parts of the work together with nails, screw, bolts, etc. 2. Wrench – is a tool with a handle a jaw which may be fitted to the head of a nut used to tighten or loosen bolts. 3. Screw Driver – hand tool with a head and shank used for turning screw.
- #8 Common:Testing Tools 1. Square 2. Level 3. Bevel 4. Plumb BobB. Marking Tools 1. Lead Pencil/Chalk 2. Scriber 3. CompassC. Holding Tools 1. ClampD. Cutting Tools 1. Saws 2. ChiselE. Smooth Facing Tools 1. PlaneF. Boring Tools 1. Twist DrillG. Fastening Tools 1. Hammer 2. Wrench 3. Screw Driver
- #14 Joinery – is the art of joint makingMortise Joint – Mortise is defined as a space in lumber joint hollowed out to receive a tenon or the like.Tenon Joint – is a projection to be inserted into a socket or mortise in another lumber to make joint.Dovetail Joint – is defined as partially housed tapered mortise and tenon joint. The word dovetail is used figuratively.