CAROTID SINUS presentation__.ppt
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The carotid sinus is a dilation at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery where it splits into the internal and external carotid arteries. It contains baroreceptors that regulate blood pressure. The carotid bodies are located behind the carotid sinus and contain chemoreceptors that respond to changes in blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels. Carotid sinus massage is used clinically to diagnose arrhythmias by stimulating the vagus nerve, which can slow heart rate due to the carotid sinus's role in blood pressure regulation.
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The document discusses cardiac tamponade, which is defined as significant compression of the heart by accumulating pericardial fluid. The pericardium normally contains around 50 ml of fluid and surrounds the heart to maintain its shape and reduce friction. In cardiac tamponade, excess fluid builds up in the pericardial sac, increasing pressure on the heart and impairing its contraction and filling. This decreases cardiac output and blood pressure. Symptoms include decreased heart sounds, distended neck veins, and shortness of breath. Causes include viral pericarditis, kidney failure, and cancer. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram and EKG. Treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain fluid from around
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Anatomy, physiology & patophysiology of the cardiovascular
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- 2. The carotid sinus, also known as the carotid bulb. is a neurovascular structure that appears as a dilation at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, and the beginning of the internal carotid artery. It is the reflex area of carotid artery. Carotid Sinus Location: In the posterior part of the coronary sulcus on the diaphragmatic or posterior surfaces of the heart.
- 4. • Carotid sinus acts as a baroreceptor or pressure receptor and regulates BP.
- 5. Carotid bodies • Its a small oval reddish anatomical structure situated behind the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. • It receive a very rich nerve supply especially from the glossopharyngeal nerve. • Carotid body act as a chemoreceptor and respond to changes in the oxygen, carbondioxide, and pH content of blood.
- 7. Carotid Sinus Massage • Carotid sinus massage is a simple bedside maneuver that helps to clarify the type and sometimes the mechanism of different rhythm disturdisturbances. • The major indication for carotid sinus massage is the diagnosis of tachyarrhythmias in which the atrial activity is either absent or intermittently present. • Carotid sinus massage is also useful in some patients with normal heart rates; increased vagal tone may normalize a bundle branch block or localize the site of type I second-degree atrioventricular block. • Major diagnostic test for carotid sinus hypersensitivities.
- 9. • In patients whose aaortic sinus are hypersensitive, the sudden rotation ofhead may cause the slowing of the heart which is called as bradycardia.This particular condition is carotid sinus syndrome. • In the events of supra ventricular tachycardia, which may be controlled by a gentle carotid sinus massage , because of an inhibitory signals by the vagus nerve on the heart.
- 10. • The carotid artery is divided into 2 : • The external carotid artery which includes the carotid sinus and carotid bodies. • The internal carotid artery which inclues thesuperior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, superficial temporl artery.
- 12. THANK YOU