This document discusses cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion. Pericardial effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity. Cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by excess accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, reducing ventricular filling and causing hemodynamic compromise. Causes include rapidly developing issues like trauma or surgery, or long term issues like infections, tumors, or hypothyroidism. Symptoms include breathlessness, chest pain, and fatigue. Treatment for severe cases involves pericardiocentesis, while milder cases may be treated conservatively with oxygen, fluids, rest, and drugs.

1. TOPIC:- CARDIAC
TAMPONADE

2. PERICARDIAL EFFUSION:-
An abnormal collection of fluid in the pericardial
cavity is called Pericardial effusion. The normal amount of
fluid present in pericardial space is about 20 to 50 ml.
CARDIAC TAMPONADE:-
Clinical syndrome caused by excess accumulation of
fluid in pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular
filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise is called
cardiac tamponade.

3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:-
INCREASE PERICARDIAL FLUID
PRESSURE ON RIGHT SIDE OF HEART
DECREASE VENOUS RETURN
PULLING OF BLOOD TO THE PULMONARY
CAPILARRY
DECREASE SV AND CO
CARDIAC ARREST

4. CAUSES:-
A) RAPIDLY DEVELOPING
 Physical Trauma (blunt or sharp)
 Myocardial infraction causing rupture
 After heart surgery
 Aortic dissection
B)LONG TERM DEVELOPING
 Pericarditis (infective due to bacterial, TB, HIV or uremic)
 Neoplastic
 Hypothyroidism

5. SYMPTOMS:-
 Breathlessness
 Chest pain
 Abdominal pain
 Fatigue
 Fever
 Cough
 palpitation

6. SIGNS:-
 Hypotension
 Raised JVP
 Decreased heart sound
 Trachycardia
 Paradoxical pulse
 Hepatomegaly
 Chest wall trauma evidence
BECK’S TRAID

7. INVESTIGATIONS:-
 CXR P/A view

8. INVESTIGATION Conts:-

9. INVESTIGATION Conts:-

10. INVESTIGATION Conts:-
 CBC with ESR
 RFT and LFT
 PT/ INR
 RA- factor
 HIV screening
 Mantoux test
 Pericardial fluid study

11. TREATMENT:-
For acute and severe condition:-
PERICARDIOCENTESIS
Followed by treatment of underlying
complication and its cause.

13. TREATMENT cont…:-
IF NOT SO SEVERE THEN CONSERVATIVE
MANAGEMENT DONE BY:-
a. Oxygen inhalation.
b. Volume expansion with blood, plasma or saline to
maintain adequate intravascular volume.
c. Bed rest with leg elevation to increase venous return.
d. Inotropic drugs i.e. dobutamine
e. Antibiotic according to cause.
f. Prepare the patient for cardio thoracic surgery(if needed)

14. THANK YOU