This document provides an overview of pericardial disease, including the anatomy and functions of the pericardium. It discusses acute pericarditis and its typical features, treatment with NSAIDs and colchicine, and recurrent pericarditis. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are explained, including their causes, signs, and echo findings. Constrictive pericarditis is characterized by chronic scarring and fibrosis of the pericardium leading to diastolic dysfunction. Surgical pericardiectomy is the definitive treatment for constrictive pericarditis.
The document discusses various pericardial diseases including acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on the anatomy and functions of the pericardium, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic tests, and management of these conditions. Key points include that pericardial diseases can present with non-specific symptoms, clinical suspicion is important for diagnosis, and treatment depends on underlying etiology and presence of hemodynamic compromise. Differentiating constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy is important as treatment approaches differ significantly.
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition caused by excess fluid in the pericardial space, which surrounds the heart. This fluid buildup increases pressure on the heart and impairs its ability to fill with blood. Symptoms include decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves echocardiography, electrocardiography, and chest x-rays. Treatment requires removing the fluid via pericardiocentesis or surgery to relieve pressure on the heart. Complications can include cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, and death if not treated promptly.
The document discusses the anatomy, functions, pathophysiology, etiologies, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pericardial diseases including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Key points include: the pericardium has visceral and parietal layers separated by pericardial fluid; pericarditis can be caused by infection, autoimmune disorders, neoplasms or trauma; tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates under pressure, compressing the heart; constrictive pericarditis involves fibrosis and scarring that restricts diastolic filling.
This document provides an overview of pericardial diseases. It begins with the anatomy and functions of the pericardium. It then discusses various pericardial diseases like acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. For acute pericarditis, it describes the key symptoms of chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and ECG changes. It also outlines the diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, including the use of echocardiography, medications, and pericardiocentesis.
pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupturegufuabdikadir96
consists of P.E,cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupture and describes their definitions, pathophysiologies, clinical manifestations, dx, medical-surgical mgt and nursing mgt
for more inquiries/feedback; gufuabdikadir96@gmail.com
The document discusses various pericardial diseases including normal anatomy, pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Key points include:
- Pericardial effusions can lead to cardiac tamponade by exerting pressure on the heart and restricting filling.
- Cardiac tamponade is diagnosed using echocardiogram, chest x-ray and equalized diastolic pressures on catheterization.
- Constrictive pericarditis involves thickened pericardium constraining all chambers and is diagnosed using characteristic hemodynamic tracings on catheterization.
This document discusses various pericardial diseases including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, chronic constrictive pericarditis, and tuberculous pericardial diseases. Acute pericarditis is often caused by viral infections and presents with chest pain. A pericardial friction rub may be heard. Pericardial effusion can occur with any disease causing pericarditis and may lead to cardiac tamponade, presenting with Beck's triad of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous distention. Chronic constrictive pericarditis results from fibrosis and scarring of the pericardium, limiting
The document discusses various pericardial diseases including acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on the anatomy and functions of the pericardium, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic tests, and management of these conditions. Key points include that pericardial diseases can present with non-specific symptoms, clinical suspicion is important for diagnosis, and treatment depends on underlying etiology and presence of hemodynamic compromise. Differentiating constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy is important as treatment approaches differ significantly.
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition caused by excess fluid in the pericardial space, which surrounds the heart. This fluid buildup increases pressure on the heart and impairs its ability to fill with blood. Symptoms include decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves echocardiography, electrocardiography, and chest x-rays. Treatment requires removing the fluid via pericardiocentesis or surgery to relieve pressure on the heart. Complications can include cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, and death if not treated promptly.
The document discusses the anatomy, functions, pathophysiology, etiologies, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pericardial diseases including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Key points include: the pericardium has visceral and parietal layers separated by pericardial fluid; pericarditis can be caused by infection, autoimmune disorders, neoplasms or trauma; tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates under pressure, compressing the heart; constrictive pericarditis involves fibrosis and scarring that restricts diastolic filling.
This document provides an overview of pericardial diseases. It begins with the anatomy and functions of the pericardium. It then discusses various pericardial diseases like acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. For acute pericarditis, it describes the key symptoms of chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and ECG changes. It also outlines the diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, including the use of echocardiography, medications, and pericardiocentesis.
pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupturegufuabdikadir96
consists of P.E,cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupture and describes their definitions, pathophysiologies, clinical manifestations, dx, medical-surgical mgt and nursing mgt
for more inquiries/feedback; gufuabdikadir96@gmail.com
The document discusses various pericardial diseases including normal anatomy, pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Key points include:
- Pericardial effusions can lead to cardiac tamponade by exerting pressure on the heart and restricting filling.
- Cardiac tamponade is diagnosed using echocardiogram, chest x-ray and equalized diastolic pressures on catheterization.
- Constrictive pericarditis involves thickened pericardium constraining all chambers and is diagnosed using characteristic hemodynamic tracings on catheterization.
This document discusses various pericardial diseases including acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, chronic constrictive pericarditis, and tuberculous pericardial diseases. Acute pericarditis is often caused by viral infections and presents with chest pain. A pericardial friction rub may be heard. Pericardial effusion can occur with any disease causing pericarditis and may lead to cardiac tamponade, presenting with Beck's triad of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous distention. Chronic constrictive pericarditis results from fibrosis and scarring of the pericardium, limiting
The document discusses various pericardial diseases including the pericardium, pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis.
The key points are:
- The pericardium is a fibrous sac surrounding the heart that has two layers and limits heart motion. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium that can be acute or associated with myocardial involvement.
- Pericardial effusions involve fluid accumulation in the pericardial space and are classified based on their size. Large effusions can cause electrical alternans on ECG and be diagnosed by echocardiography.
- Card
This document discusses pericardial diseases, including their diagnosis and management. It covers several conditions such as acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. It describes the signs, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches for each condition. The document provides detailed information on evaluating, diagnosing, and managing common pericardial diseases.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the pericardium and various pericardial diseases. It describes the pericardium's functions in maintaining cardiac structure and output. It then covers acute pericarditis and its symptoms of chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and ECG changes. Pericardial effusion and its causes are discussed along with cardiac tamponade, which results from excessive fluid accumulation compressing the heart. Diagnosis involves echocardiography and treatment involves drainage of excessive fluid in tamponade.
The document discusses diseases of the pericardium, including acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. It describes the anatomy and functions of the pericardium, symptoms and signs of different pericardial diseases, diagnostic tests including ECG, echo, CT and treatment approaches.
This document discusses various types of pericardial disease including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. It describes the anatomy and functions of the pericardium, signs and symptoms of different conditions, diagnostic testing including EKG and echocardiogram, and treatments including medications, pericardiocentesis, and surgery. Specific causes of pericardial disease including infectious, post-MI, and autoimmune etiologies are outlined.
CARDIAC TAMPONADE ( Cardiac emergency) • Cardiac Tamponade is a life threatening complication caused by excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardium. Or • Compression of all cardiac chambers due to excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid leading to compromised cardiac out put.
This document discusses cardiac tamponade, including its anatomy, physiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac tamponade is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs diastolic filling. It presents with symptoms like chest pain, dyspnea and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnosis is made through echocardiography, ECG changes and chest x-ray. Treatment involves drainage of pericardial fluid, usually through pericardiocentesis, along with medical management including oxygen, medications and ventilation.
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardium that compresses the heart. Echocardiography is important for diagnosing tamponade and guiding treatment. Key echocardiographic signs include chamber collapse, increased ventricular interdependence seen on Doppler imaging, and inferior vena cava plethora. Echocardiography can also guide pericardiocentesis procedures to drain fluid from the pericardium. It is a useful non-invasive tool for both diagnosing and managing cardiac tamponade.
1. Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, while cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by excess fluid in the pericardial space, reducing heart filling and function.
2. Causes of pericardial effusion include infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, trauma, and uremia. Symptoms vary depending on the rate and amount of fluid accumulation but can include chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension in tamponade.
3. Diagnosis involves echocardiography, which can detect fluid and signs of tamponade like heart chamber collapse. Treatment of tamponade requires pericardiocentesis
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardium and compresses the heart. It can result from various causes such as viral pericarditis, cancer, kidney failure, and chest trauma. Symptoms include decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, distended neck veins, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain the fluid with the aim of improving heart function and relieving symptoms. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, administering oxygen, IV fluids, antibiotics, and inotropic drugs if needed.
The document discusses cardiac tamponade, which is defined as significant compression of the heart by accumulating pericardial fluid. The pericardium normally contains around 50 ml of fluid and surrounds the heart to maintain its shape and reduce friction. In cardiac tamponade, excess fluid builds up in the pericardial sac, increasing pressure on the heart and impairing its contraction and filling. This decreases cardiac output and blood pressure. Symptoms include decreased heart sounds, distended neck veins, and shortness of breath. Causes include viral pericarditis, kidney failure, and cancer. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram and EKG. Treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain fluid from around
An acute myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked causing damage to heart muscle. Diagnosis involves ECGs, blood tests of cardiac markers, and symptoms like chest pain. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through medications and preventing further complications. Nursing interventions for an MI aim to support cardiac output and tissue perfusion, manage pain and activity levels, and provide education on lifestyle changes and medication management upon discharge.
The document summarizes pericardial diseases. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the pericardium, acute pericarditis including symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and pericardial effusion and tamponade. Acute pericarditis is usually self-limited and treated with NSAIDs. Larger effusions may require hospitalization. Pericardial effusion can progress to tamponade, where fluid accumulation compresses the heart and impairs filling.
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding...shivabhaibarot1978
The pericardium is a fibroelastic sac surrounding the heart made up of two layers. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium which causes chest pain when the irritated layers rub together. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, tuberculosis, cancers, drugs, radiation, or other conditions. Symptoms include chest pain worsened by deep breathing that improves with leaning forward. Diagnosis involves physical exam, ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests, and sometimes CT, MRI or catheterization.
Cardiac tamponade is caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs its filling. It is characterized hemodynamically by decreased intracardiac volumes and increased diastolic filling pressures. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing tamponade by showing fluid around the heart and collapse of the ventricles. Initial treatment involves fluid resuscitation while definitive treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain fluid or surgery in refractory cases.
Cardiac tamponade is caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs its filling. It is characterized hemodynamically by decreased intracardiac volumes and increased diastolic filling pressures. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing tamponade by showing fluid around the heart and collapse of the ventricles. Initial treatment involves resuscitating the patient with fluids and inotropes, while needle pericardiocentesis is often needed for definitive treatment by draining the pericardial fluid. Constrictive pericarditis involves thickening and scarring of the pericardium that restricts heart filling over time.
The pericardium is composed of two layers that surround and lubricate the heart. Acute pericarditis is commonly caused by viruses or acute myocardial infarction and presents with retrosternal chest pain that worsens with breathing or movement. Pericardial effusions can occur and be detected on echocardiogram. Large effusions can cause cardiac tamponade, where increased intrapericardial pressure limits heart function. Tamponade requires drainage by pericardiocentesis for treatment. Tuberculous pericarditis is a rare cause that requires antitubercular drugs and steroids. Chronic constrictive pericarditis involves fibrosis and scarring, with symptoms of right-
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, reducing cardiac filling and output. It can develop acutely or subacutely. Echocardiography is key for diagnosis, showing pericardial effusion, chamber collapse, and respiratory variations in flow velocities. Treatment involves drainage of fluid, usually by pericardiocentesis under ultrasound guidance. Subxiphoid approach carries liver/vessel injury risk but is safest in emergencies, while apical is easiest but risks heart wall puncture. Drainage resolves tamponade, and catheters are typically removed within 2 days if drainage is low.
1. The document discusses a demo class on myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack. It defines MI as the death of heart muscle from interrupted blood supply.
2. Risk factors for MI include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lack of physical activity, and more. Causes are typically coronary artery disease, blood clots, or coronary artery spasms.
3. Diagnostic tests discussed are electrocardiogram, stress test, echocardiogram, coronary angiography and more to evaluate symptoms, location, and extent of MI.
The document discusses various pericardial diseases including the pericardium, pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis.
The key points are:
- The pericardium is a fibrous sac surrounding the heart that has two layers and limits heart motion. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium that can be acute or associated with myocardial involvement.
- Pericardial effusions involve fluid accumulation in the pericardial space and are classified based on their size. Large effusions can cause electrical alternans on ECG and be diagnosed by echocardiography.
- Card
This document discusses pericardial diseases, including their diagnosis and management. It covers several conditions such as acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. It describes the signs, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches for each condition. The document provides detailed information on evaluating, diagnosing, and managing common pericardial diseases.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the pericardium and various pericardial diseases. It describes the pericardium's functions in maintaining cardiac structure and output. It then covers acute pericarditis and its symptoms of chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and ECG changes. Pericardial effusion and its causes are discussed along with cardiac tamponade, which results from excessive fluid accumulation compressing the heart. Diagnosis involves echocardiography and treatment involves drainage of excessive fluid in tamponade.
The document discusses diseases of the pericardium, including acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. It describes the anatomy and functions of the pericardium, symptoms and signs of different pericardial diseases, diagnostic tests including ECG, echo, CT and treatment approaches.
This document discusses various types of pericardial disease including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. It describes the anatomy and functions of the pericardium, signs and symptoms of different conditions, diagnostic testing including EKG and echocardiogram, and treatments including medications, pericardiocentesis, and surgery. Specific causes of pericardial disease including infectious, post-MI, and autoimmune etiologies are outlined.
CARDIAC TAMPONADE ( Cardiac emergency) • Cardiac Tamponade is a life threatening complication caused by excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardium. Or • Compression of all cardiac chambers due to excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid leading to compromised cardiac out put.
This document discusses cardiac tamponade, including its anatomy, physiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac tamponade is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs diastolic filling. It presents with symptoms like chest pain, dyspnea and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnosis is made through echocardiography, ECG changes and chest x-ray. Treatment involves drainage of pericardial fluid, usually through pericardiocentesis, along with medical management including oxygen, medications and ventilation.
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardium that compresses the heart. Echocardiography is important for diagnosing tamponade and guiding treatment. Key echocardiographic signs include chamber collapse, increased ventricular interdependence seen on Doppler imaging, and inferior vena cava plethora. Echocardiography can also guide pericardiocentesis procedures to drain fluid from the pericardium. It is a useful non-invasive tool for both diagnosing and managing cardiac tamponade.
1. Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, while cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by excess fluid in the pericardial space, reducing heart filling and function.
2. Causes of pericardial effusion include infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, trauma, and uremia. Symptoms vary depending on the rate and amount of fluid accumulation but can include chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension in tamponade.
3. Diagnosis involves echocardiography, which can detect fluid and signs of tamponade like heart chamber collapse. Treatment of tamponade requires pericardiocentesis
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardium and compresses the heart. It can result from various causes such as viral pericarditis, cancer, kidney failure, and chest trauma. Symptoms include decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, distended neck veins, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain the fluid with the aim of improving heart function and relieving symptoms. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, administering oxygen, IV fluids, antibiotics, and inotropic drugs if needed.
The document discusses cardiac tamponade, which is defined as significant compression of the heart by accumulating pericardial fluid. The pericardium normally contains around 50 ml of fluid and surrounds the heart to maintain its shape and reduce friction. In cardiac tamponade, excess fluid builds up in the pericardial sac, increasing pressure on the heart and impairing its contraction and filling. This decreases cardiac output and blood pressure. Symptoms include decreased heart sounds, distended neck veins, and shortness of breath. Causes include viral pericarditis, kidney failure, and cancer. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram and EKG. Treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain fluid from around
An acute myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked causing damage to heart muscle. Diagnosis involves ECGs, blood tests of cardiac markers, and symptoms like chest pain. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through medications and preventing further complications. Nursing interventions for an MI aim to support cardiac output and tissue perfusion, manage pain and activity levels, and provide education on lifestyle changes and medication management upon discharge.
The document summarizes pericardial diseases. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the pericardium, acute pericarditis including symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and pericardial effusion and tamponade. Acute pericarditis is usually self-limited and treated with NSAIDs. Larger effusions may require hospitalization. Pericardial effusion can progress to tamponade, where fluid accumulation compresses the heart and impairs filling.
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding...shivabhaibarot1978
The pericardium is a fibroelastic sac surrounding the heart made up of two layers. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium which causes chest pain when the irritated layers rub together. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, tuberculosis, cancers, drugs, radiation, or other conditions. Symptoms include chest pain worsened by deep breathing that improves with leaning forward. Diagnosis involves physical exam, ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests, and sometimes CT, MRI or catheterization.
Cardiac tamponade is caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs its filling. It is characterized hemodynamically by decreased intracardiac volumes and increased diastolic filling pressures. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing tamponade by showing fluid around the heart and collapse of the ventricles. Initial treatment involves fluid resuscitation while definitive treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain fluid or surgery in refractory cases.
Cardiac tamponade is caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs its filling. It is characterized hemodynamically by decreased intracardiac volumes and increased diastolic filling pressures. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing tamponade by showing fluid around the heart and collapse of the ventricles. Initial treatment involves resuscitating the patient with fluids and inotropes, while needle pericardiocentesis is often needed for definitive treatment by draining the pericardial fluid. Constrictive pericarditis involves thickening and scarring of the pericardium that restricts heart filling over time.
The pericardium is composed of two layers that surround and lubricate the heart. Acute pericarditis is commonly caused by viruses or acute myocardial infarction and presents with retrosternal chest pain that worsens with breathing or movement. Pericardial effusions can occur and be detected on echocardiogram. Large effusions can cause cardiac tamponade, where increased intrapericardial pressure limits heart function. Tamponade requires drainage by pericardiocentesis for treatment. Tuberculous pericarditis is a rare cause that requires antitubercular drugs and steroids. Chronic constrictive pericarditis involves fibrosis and scarring, with symptoms of right-
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, reducing cardiac filling and output. It can develop acutely or subacutely. Echocardiography is key for diagnosis, showing pericardial effusion, chamber collapse, and respiratory variations in flow velocities. Treatment involves drainage of fluid, usually by pericardiocentesis under ultrasound guidance. Subxiphoid approach carries liver/vessel injury risk but is safest in emergencies, while apical is easiest but risks heart wall puncture. Drainage resolves tamponade, and catheters are typically removed within 2 days if drainage is low.
1. The document discusses a demo class on myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack. It defines MI as the death of heart muscle from interrupted blood supply.
2. Risk factors for MI include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lack of physical activity, and more. Causes are typically coronary artery disease, blood clots, or coronary artery spasms.
3. Diagnostic tests discussed are electrocardiogram, stress test, echocardiogram, coronary angiography and more to evaluate symptoms, location, and extent of MI.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
3. Anatomy
Pericardium
is an avascular sac surrounding the heart
composed of a double layer with thickness
1mm.
- Outer fibrous pericardium
- Inner serous pericardium
- Parietal and visceral layer
The cavity normally contain from 10 to 50
ml of clear plasma ultrafiltrate between the
two layers.
4. Function of pericardium
• 1.Stabilization of the heart within the thoracic cavity .It is attached to
the diaphragm, sternum and the cartilage of the ribs which limiting
the heart’s motion.
• 2.Protection of the heart from mechanical trauma and infection from
adjoining structures.
• 3.The pericardial fluid functions as a lubricant and decreases friction
of cardiac surface during systole and diastole.
• 4.Prevention of excessive dilation of heart especially during sudden
rise in intra-cardiac volume (e.g. acute aortic or mitral regurgitation)
5. Acute pericarditis
Acute inflammation of pericardium usually due to idiopathic, viral infection.
It is the most common form of pericardial disease and represents around 5 % of
non-ischemic chest pain attending in the ER .
7. Typical features of Acute Pericarditis
• Chest Pain < 85-90 %
• Friction Rub < 40% ( disappear when effusion
develop)
• Classic ECG 60 %
• Effusion ( Echo) 60 %
Not useful in early stage of dry pericarditis.
The presence of any 2 of these in context of the appropriate clinical
history is needed to diagnose acute pericarditis.
8. Presentation
Chest pain :
Pericardium is well innervated such that pericardial inflammation may
produce severe pain and trigger vagally mediated reflexes. The pericardium
also secretes prostaglandins that modulate cardiac reflexes and coronary
tone.
Acute onset , Sharp, Stabbing, continues precordial chest pain radiating to
the shoulder
Relieved by sitting up and leaning foreword and aggravated by laying down
and cough.
Pain originated from 2 places either from big vessels or apex of the heart
from the diaphragm innervation.
12. Investigation
Labs
CBC: May shows Leukocytosis
Inflammatory markers : ESR and CRP may be elevated
Elevated Cardiac enzyme may indicate associate Myocarditis.
(So Cardiac enzyme and troponin trending and is important If still positive do Echo and if there no abnormal
wall motion then treated as pericarditis ,and if positive then it is a mandatory to cath the patient to confirm the
Dx. )
14. Predictors of poor prognosis
• Major:
• Fever < 38 C
• Subacute onset
• Large pericardial effusion
• Cardiac tamponade
• No response to NSAID in 1 w
• Minor:
• Myopericarditis
• Immunosuppression
• Trauma
• Oral anticoagulation therapy
• d
Improved
Acute
Pericarditis
Risk
Markers
Absent
Risk
Markers
Present
Admi
t
Start
Empiric
Therapy
No
Improvemen
t
Search
Alterati
ve
Etiology
Continue
OP
Follow-
up
15. Aspirin 750 – 1000 mg every 8h 1 – 2 weeks
Ibuprofen 600 mg every 8h 1 – 2 weeks
Indomethacin 50 mg every 8h 1 – 2 weeks
Acute Pericarditis Therapy
Colchicine 0.5 mg* 3 months
*Once (<70 kg) or twice daily (≥70 kg)
One from each
box
Use gastric
protection (PPI)
Duration of
therapy can be
guided by
symptoms and
CRP
17. Recurrent Pericarditis
1st Line: NSAID + Colchicine Guided by CRP taper NSAID over several weeks,
Colchicine x 6m
2nd Line: Triple therapy with
steroid
Taper steroid over 6 – 12m
Taper NSAID next, then Colchicine x 6m
3rd Line: Immunomodulation IVIG, Anakinra or AZT taper agent one at a time
4th Line: Pericardiectomy
18. Myopericarditis
(So Cardiac enzyme and troponin trending and is important If still positive do Echo and if there no abnormal wall motion then treated as pericarditis ,and if positive then it is a mandatory to cath the patient to confirm the Dx. )
• Hospitalization
• MRI to Confirm no extensive myocarditis
• Consider coronary angio to exclude CAD
• Return to competition (6 months after onset )
19. Pericardial effusion
Accumulation of fluid between the
visceral and parietal layers of serous
pericardium
• Trivial : 50 – 100 cc fluid is only seen in
systole
• Small : 100 cc
• Moderate : 500 cc
•Large : 1000 cc
20. Etiology
1. Inflammation from infection, immunologic process.
2. Trauma causing bleeding in pericardial space.
3. Noninfectious conditions such as:
a. increase in hydrostatic pressure e.g. congestive heart failure.
b. increase in capillary permeability e.g. hypothyroidism
c. decrease in plasma oncotic pressure e.g. cirrhosis.
d. Uremic pericarditis
1. 4. Decreased drainage of pericardial fluid due to obstruction of
thoracic duct as a result of malignancy or damage during surgery.
26. Etiology
Pericardial pressures > intracardiac pressures
• Most common causes :
– Malignancy
– Idiopathic pericarditis (Viral ? )
– Renal failure.
– Bleeding following cardiac Surgery ,early post MI (before fibrosis
formation while the wall is weak ) and
- trauma .
- TB.
27.
28. Clinical Features
Symptoms
Acute : confusion / agitation
Tachycardia (sensitivity, 77%)
• Signs ( Becks triad)
- hypotension
- elevated JVP (sensitivity, 76%)
- muffled heart sounds
Pulsus paradoxus : insp drop in SBP > 10 mmhg Pulsus paradoxus also seen in CP,
COPD, asthma (with pericardial effusion) >10mmHg (sensitivity, 82%).
Cardiomegaly on chest radiograph (sensitivity, 89%).
29. Kussmaul’s sign
What is Kussmaul's sign of JVP?
is the paradoxical increase in JVP that occurs
during inspiration. Jugular venous pressure
normally decreases during inspiration
because the inspiratory fall in intrathoracic
pressure creates a “sucking effect” on venous
return.
It is a good tool to differentiate it with severe
Right HF.
30. Investigation
ECHO
findings suggestive of cardiac tamponade –
examine the right side of the heart and IVC
- A pericardial effusion >25mm (but smaller
pericardial effusions can cause tamponade)
- Diastolic right ventricular collapse (high
specificity clip in mobile)
- Systolic right atrial collapse (earliest sign clip
in computer)
- A Dilated inferior vena cava with minimal
respiratory variation (high sensitivity clip in
mobile ).
35. Cardiac tamponade
Absent Y wave is due to ventricular
relaxation.
Ventricles can't relax when the
pericardium is full of fluid, leading
to the absence of y descent.
36. Constrictive pericarditis
• Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory process, often
characterized by chronic scarring, fibrosis and calcification of the
pericardium.
• associated with diastolic dysfunction, eventually leading to low
cardiac output and heart failure.
40. Treatment
• Treat the underline couse ex : TB , Malignancy
• Surgical pericardiectomy is the definitive management the earliest the
better.
41. Take away…
• Symptoms may be non cardiac
• Chronic Pericarditis and Pericardial effusion will mimic right heart
failure.
• In any RHF symptoms rule out pericardial disease
• Because treatment is completely different (diuretics, digoxin)
• Clinical suspicion is essential for diagnosis
• Correct diagnosis is imperative
• Potential for permanent cure