Downloaded 62 times
More Related Content
Similar to Cardiac emergencies and it's nursing management
![Periodontal Treatment of Medically Compromised Patients [Autosaved].pptx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/periodontaltreatmentofmedicallycompromisedpatientsautosaved-240205114527-6e5affd6-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
More from RakhiYadav53
Cardiac emergencies and it's nursing management
- 1. Presentation on Cardiac Emergenciesand its Nursing Responsibilities Bsc (h) Nursing RAKCON
- 2. Content ■ Introduction ■ Definition ■Types or cardiac Emergencies ■ Clinical example ■ Research ■ Summary and conclusion
- 3. Introduction ■Cardiac emergency diseaseis the number one killer of adults prompts recognition and of appropriate treatment can save lives during three of the most deadly cardiac emergencies, sudden cardiac death, heart failure and acute pericarditis.
- 4.
- 6. Definition ■ Cardiovascular emergenciesare life threatening conditions that must be recognised immediately to avoid delay in treatment and minimise morbidity and mortality.
- 7. Types of CardiacEmergencies
- 8. 1 ANGINA PECTORIS ■Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome usually characterised by episodes or paroxyms of pain or pressure in the anterior chest.The cause is insufficient coronary blood flow resulting in a decreased oxygen supply where there is increased myocardial demand for oxygen.
- 9. This Photo byUnknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
- 11.
- 12. Risk factors ■ Diabetes ■Family history of coronary heart disease ■ High BP ■ Obesity ■ Smoking ■ Cold weather ■ Emotional stress, large meals.
- 13. Sign and symptoms ■Shortnessof breath ■A feeling of indigestion or heart burn ■Dizziness ■Nausea, vomiting ,sweating ■Palpitations ■Chest pain, indigestion ■Sudden breathing difficulties
- 14. Assessment and diagnostic findings ■1.ECG ■2EXERCISE STRESSTEST ■3.THALLIUM STRESSTEST ■4. CORONARY Angiography
- 17. Medical and surgicalmanagement ■Nitroglycerin-Nitrostat,nitrobid ■Calcium channel blockers-Amlodipine ■Anticoagulants -Heparin ■Beta blockers (eg. Propranol, atenolol etc)
- 18.
- 19.
- 20.
- 21. Definition ■Myocardial infarction Isalso known as acute coronary syndrome. ■Myocardial infarction is an emergent situation characterised by an acute onset of myocardial ischemia result in myocardial death
- 22.
- 23.
- 24. Assessment and diagnostic findings ■Physicalexamination ■Electrocardiogram ■Blood test ■Chest x - ray
- 25. Medical and surgicalmanagement ■ Anti platelet medicine -Aspirin ■ Nitroglycerin-Nitrostat,nitrobid ■ ACE-Enalapril,Benazepril ■ Beta blockers-Metoprolol ■ Coronary angioplasty ■ Coronary artery bypass grafting
- 26. Nursing management Assessfor chest pain not relieved by medication Monitor vital signs ,especially BP Assess for shortness of breath Assess for nausea and vomiting Perform physical examination Assess IV sites frequently
- 27.
- 28. Definition ■Heart failure isthe inability of heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the tissue for oxygen and nutrients. In past it is also known as congenital heart disease.
- 29.
- 30.
- 31. Assessment and diagnostic findings ■Chest x ray ■ ECG ■ Blood test ■ Echocardiogram ■ MUGA scan ■ Stress test
- 32. Medical and surgicalmanagement Angiotensin receptors blockers - Valsartan,Losartan . Calcium channel blockers- Amlodipine . Beta blockers-Metoprolol . ACE-Vasotec,Ramipril
- 33. Nursing management ■ Nursingassessment ■ Health history ■ Manage fluid volume ■ Improve myocardial contracting ■ Prevent complications ■ Maintain blood pressure and respiratory rate ■ Shecdule activites to conserve energy and reduce fatigue and dyspnea ■ Teach patient self care at home
- 34.
- 35. DEFINITION ■Pericardial effusion(accumulation of excessfluid in the pericardial sac) may accompany advanced Hf, pericarditis, metastatic carcinoma, cardiac surgery or trauma.
- 36.
- 37.
- 38. Assessment and diagnosticfindings ■ Physical examination ■ History collection ■ Ecg ■ Chest x ray
- 39. Medical and surgical management Toperform pericardiocentesis To perform pericardiotomy This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
- 40. Nursing management ■ Assessthe patient ■ Monitor vital signs ■ Monitor the patient for dyssrhthmia ■ Give semi-fowler position if needed ■ Give oxygen as indicated ■ Monitor urine output hourly
- 41.
- 42. Definition ■ Cardiogenic shockoccurs when increased cardiac output leads to inadequate tissue perfusion and initiation of the shock syndrome.
- 43.
- 44. Risk factors ■ Oldage ■ Have a history of heart failure ■ Diabetes ■ High BP ■ Existing cardiac disease
- 45.
- 46. ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS .Chest x ray . Echocardiogram . Cardiac catheterization
- 47. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT ■ Aspirin-Toreduce blood clotting ■ Anticoagulants- Heparin ■ Inortopic agents - Dopamine ■ Vasopressors -Adernaline ■ Coronary artery bypass surgery
- 48. Nursing management ■ Constantmonitoring ■ Patient is treated in intensive care unit ■ Carefully assess the p[atient ■ Observe cardiac rhythm ■ Monitor fluid status ■ Adjust medication and therapies based on assessment data
- 49.
- 50. Definition ■ Cardiac arrestoccurs when the heart ceases to produce an effective pulse and circulates blood.
- 51.
- 52. RISK FACTORS ■ Seizures ■Age ■ Family history of heart disease ■ Previous cardiac arrest
- 53.
- 54. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT ■CPR ■ Calcium channel blockers-Amlodipine ■ Vasopressors-Epinephrine ,dopamine ■ Coronary artery bypass surgery
- 55. Nursing management ■ Assessvitals of patient ■ Perform CPR ■ Give oxygen as indicated ■ Teach clients breathing exercises ■ Assess patient with medications.
- 56. Nursing diagnosis ■ 1.Acutepain related to imabalance between oxygen supply and increased myocardial demand Interventions- ■ Assess the location , duration and nature of pain ■ Assess the signs of hypoxia ■ Record vital signs ■ Administer nitroglycerin and analgesics to reduce pain
- 57. 2.Decreased cardiac outputrelated to impaired contractility and increased preload and afterload Interventions- ■ Assess pulse and BP ■ Assess the signs of restlessness ■ Give adrenaline if ordered ■ Encourage for small meals
- 58. 3.Impaired gas exchangerelated to altered pulmonary congestion Interventions- ■ Assess the respiratory rate ■ Maintain normal oxygen saturation ■ Administer prescribed medication
- 59. 4.Excess fluid volumerelated to sodium water retention Interventions- ■ Assess the fluid status of patient ■ Monitor I/O charting ■ Monitor daily weight to assess fluid status ■ Encourage for low sodium diet
- 60. Health teaching ■ Eathealthy diet ■ Exercise daily ■ Stop smoking and alcohol ■ stop chewing tobacco
- 61. CLINICAL EXAMPLE IDENTIFICATION DATAOF PATIENT NAME-Gopal SEX-male AGE-52yrs BEDNO-01 MRDNO.-55539 RELIGION-hindu MARITAL STATUS-married DIAGNOSIS- CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE
- 62. . GENERAL CONDITIONSOF PATIENT -Patient Is conscious and oriented Patient complain of Chest pain and shortness of breath T-97.8F P-90/MIN R-20b/min BP-129/94mmhg Patient has coated tongue and dry lips.
- 63. Doctor’s order ■ Nitroglycerin-30mg Action –To improve blood flow of the heart ■ Ecospirin -75mg Action -clot removal ■ Pantop -40 mg ■ Action –To treat acid reflux
- 64.
- 67. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION ■ Cardiovascularemergencies are life threatening disorders that must be recognised immediately to avoid delay in treatment and to minimise the morbidity and mortality rate.
- 68. BIbliography ■ Brunner andSuddharths textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing 5th edition Page no.- 626-647,762-764 ■ Https;www.reseach gate.net/publication/35602727 ■ Siddharth textbook of medica surgical nursing 11th edition pg no.-432-438 ■ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- 69.