This document discusses the geometry of card wires used in carding machines. It covers the different types of wires including cylinder, doffer, licker-in, and flat top wires. Important parameters that affect carding quality like tooth depth, pitch, base thickness, front and back angles are explained. Different steel alloys used in manufacturing card wires based on their applications are also outlined. Maintaining optimal wire geometry tailored to fiber characteristics is key to efficient fiber control and high quality carding.

1. Seminar
On
Development in Card Wire
And
Wire geometry
BY:-
MUKUL CHANDEL
M.TECH T.T

2. WHAT IS ALL ABOUT ?
• INTRODUCTION
• CLOTHING AREA
• IMPORTANT PERAMETERS
• POSSIBLE ACTION BETWEEN TWO SUFACES
• USE OF STEEL ALLOY

3. INTRODUCTION
• There are two rules of carding
• The fibre must enter the carding machine, be
efficiently carded and taken from it in as little time
as possible
• The fibre must be under control from entry to exit
• Control of fibres in a carding machine is the
responsibility of the card clothing

4. Following Are The Five Types Of
Clothing Used In a Carding
Machine
• Cylinder wire
• Doffer wire
• Flat tops
• Licker-in wire
• Stationary flats

5. CYLINDER WIRE
• Cylinder clothing play a major role in cotton
processing when it comes to optimal
reduction of neps and dirt particles. The
quality of a cylinder wire itself, in turn, is
primarily determined by a high precision
during manufacturing and the selection of
optimum tooth geometries.

6. DOFFER WIRES
• The doffer is a collector and it needs to have a
sharp tooth to pick up the condensed mass of
fibres circulating on the cylinder. It also
requires sufficient space between the teeth to
be efficient in fibre transfer from the cylinder,
consistent in the transfer rate and capable of
holding the fibre under control until the
doffer's stripping motion takes control.

7. LICKERIN WIRES
• Licker-in with its comparatively small surface
area and small number of carding teeth,
suffers the hardest wear of all in opening the
tangled mass of material fed to it.

8. FLAT TOPS
• Flats fabric and hooks - simply a clever design
• Flat tops mainly consist of the flats fabric and
of the hooks. Both of them have an enormous
influence on carding quality.

9. IMPORTANT PERAMETERS
• Tooth depth
• Carding angle
• Base width
• Wire height
• Tooth pitch
• Tooth point dimensions

11. TOOTH DEPTH
1. Shallowness of tooth depth reduces fibre loading and holds the
fibre on the cylinder in the ideal position under the carding action of
the tops. The space a fibre needs within the cylinder wire depends
upon its Micronaire/denier value and staple length. should have to be
reduced.
2. The recent cylinder wires have a profile called "NO SPACE FOR
LOADING PROFILE"(NSL).With this new profile, the tooth depth is
shallower than the standard one and the overall wire height is
reduced to 2mm , which eliminates the free blade in the wire. This
free blade is responsible for fibre loading.

12. TOOTH PITCH
1. Each fibre has a linear density determined by its diameter to
length ratio. Fine fibres and long fibres necessitates more
control during the carding process. This control is obtained
by selecting the tooth pitch which gives the correct contact
ratio of the number of teeth to fibre length.
2. Exceptionally short fibres too require more control, in this case
, it is not because of the stiffness but because it is more
difficult to parallelise the fibres with an open tooth pitch
giving a low contact ratio.

13. BASE THICKNESS
1. The rib thickness of the cylinder wire controls the carding "front"
and thus the carding power. Generally the finer the fibre, the finer
the rib width. The number of points across the carding machine is
determined by the carding machine's design, production rate and
the fibre dimensions. General trend is towards finer rib thicknesses,
especially for high and very low production machines.
2. Rib thickness should be selected properly, if there
are too many wire points across the machine for a
given cylinder speed, production rate and fibre
fineness, "BLOCKAGE" takes place with disastrous
results from the point of view of carding quality.
In such cases, either the cylinder speed has to be Increased .

14. WIRE HEIGHT

15. FRONT ANGLE
1. Front angle not only affects the carding action but
controls the lift of the fibre under the action of
centrifugal force. The higher the cylinder speed , the
lower the angle for a given fibre.
2. If the front angle is more, then it is insufficient to
overcome the centrifugal lift of the fibre created by
cylinder speed. Therefore the fibre control is lost, this
will result in increasing flat waste.
3. If the front angle is less, then it will hold the fibres and
create excessive recycling within the carding machine
with resulting over carding and therefore increased
fibre damage and nep generation.

16. WORKING CARDING ANGLE
FRONT ANGLE
BACK ANGLE

17. BACK ANGLE
• A lower back angle reduces fibre loading, but
a higher value of back angle assists fibre
penetration.
• Between the two extremes is an angle which
facilitates both the reduction in loading and
assists fibre penetration and at the same time
gives the tooth sufficient strength to do the
job for which it was designed.

18. HARDNESS OF WIRE
• The cylinder wire needs to be hard at the tip of
the tooth where the carding action takes place.
• The hardness is graded from the hard tip to the
soft rib.
• High carbon alloy steel is used to manufacture a
cylinder wire and it is flame hardened.
• Rib should not be hardened, otherwise, it will
lead to mounting problems.

19. POSSIBLE ACTION BETWEEN TWO SUFACES WITH
CARDING WIRE

21. USE OF STEEL ALLOY IN
MANUFACTURING OF CARD WIRE
• BASED UPON APPLICATION AND DEMAND CARD WIRE IS
MANUFACTURED FROM DIFFERENT ALLOY STEEL :-
 ULTIMA (TUNGSTEN,VANADIUM ALLOY STEEL)
 CHROMA (CHROMINU ALLOY STEEL)
 PERFORMA (HIGH TENSILE SPECIAL ALLOY)

22. CONCLUSION
• Fact that carding is heart of spinning line.
• With the demand and requirement geometry
of card wires is changed in different
parameter.
• If quality of wire is good better will be carding
and then better will be the product.

23. c