The document provides an overview of the major systems that power a car, including the engine, fuel system, exhaust system, cooling system, drivetrain, suspension, electrical system, body, brakes, and heating/AC system. It describes the key components of each system, such as pistons, crankshaft, and valves in the engine. The summary explains how the engine uses a four-stroke process involving intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes to combust fuel and turn the crankshaft. It also notes that modern cars use liquid cooling systems to regulate engine temperature.
The automobile can be considered to consist of five basic components : (a) The Engine or Power Plant : It is source of power. (b) The Frame and Chassis : It supports the engine, wheels, body, braking system, steering, etc. (c) The transmission which transmits power from the engine to the car wheels.
The automobile can be considered to consist of five basic components : (a) The Engine or Power Plant : It is source of power. (b) The Frame and Chassis : It supports the engine, wheels, body, braking system, steering, etc. (c) The transmission which transmits power from the engine to the car wheels.
This slides are about inline injection pump and calibration of the pumps .The working of the pump is described in simple words and with examples of daily usable devices.
Electronic fuel injection vs carburettorsSalman Ahmed
These slides give you an idea of the different types of fuel injection systems that have been used throughout time.
A comparison between carburettors and EFI has been also looked on.
A car engine mount holds the engine in certain position with less noise and vibration, and stabilizes the engine in the engine bay. It may be a small part of your vehicle, but its importance is very high. Once it wears out or malfunctions means, several problems will arise which will turn your journey unsafe from the start to end. Go through the slides to know what these problems are and how it affects the engine.
The suspension System of an automobile is one which separates the wheel/axle assembly from the body. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks & vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
Explained about what is automatic transmission in automobiles, their types, components used in automatic transmission and their functions in Automobile Industry.
Description of various types of clutches and gear boxes has been given in the following sections of this unit. The term ‘Transmission’ is used for a device which is located between clutch and propeller shaft. It may be a gear box, an over drive or a torque converter, etc.
For Video on Transmission System Click The Link Below:-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EPsdRP2nXI
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Transmission is a part of the car which connects the engine to the wheels. When car speeds up, the engine can not speed up in the same proportion, so there are gears involved which match the engine speed to the wheel speed so that we can drive faster or slower than the engine speed.
Präsentation des in Deutschland bisher einzigen Mutmachbuches für Personen, die entweder ein neues Hüftgelenk benötigen oder schon eines haben. Siehe auch http://www.Mut-zur-neuen-Hüfte.de
This slides are about inline injection pump and calibration of the pumps .The working of the pump is described in simple words and with examples of daily usable devices.
Electronic fuel injection vs carburettorsSalman Ahmed
These slides give you an idea of the different types of fuel injection systems that have been used throughout time.
A comparison between carburettors and EFI has been also looked on.
A car engine mount holds the engine in certain position with less noise and vibration, and stabilizes the engine in the engine bay. It may be a small part of your vehicle, but its importance is very high. Once it wears out or malfunctions means, several problems will arise which will turn your journey unsafe from the start to end. Go through the slides to know what these problems are and how it affects the engine.
The suspension System of an automobile is one which separates the wheel/axle assembly from the body. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks & vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
Explained about what is automatic transmission in automobiles, their types, components used in automatic transmission and their functions in Automobile Industry.
Description of various types of clutches and gear boxes has been given in the following sections of this unit. The term ‘Transmission’ is used for a device which is located between clutch and propeller shaft. It may be a gear box, an over drive or a torque converter, etc.
For Video on Transmission System Click The Link Below:-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EPsdRP2nXI
Please Subscribe To Our YouTube Channel:-
http://www.youtube.com/user/TheEngineeringScienc?sub_confirmation=1
Transmission is a part of the car which connects the engine to the wheels. When car speeds up, the engine can not speed up in the same proportion, so there are gears involved which match the engine speed to the wheel speed so that we can drive faster or slower than the engine speed.
Präsentation des in Deutschland bisher einzigen Mutmachbuches für Personen, die entweder ein neues Hüftgelenk benötigen oder schon eines haben. Siehe auch http://www.Mut-zur-neuen-Hüfte.de
THIS PPT IS MAINLY BASED ON HOW THE ELCTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT VEHICLES AND IN THIS WE HAVE DISCUSSED DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES IN DIFFERENT VEHIOCLEWS AND THEIR MODELS ALSO AND THEIR SYSTEMS ALSO IN THE VEHICLES AND THEIR COMPONENTS AND THEIR USES ARE ALSO MENTIONED IN THIS PPT SO IT IS USEFUL FOR BOTH MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONICS STUDENTS
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
2. Welcome to Car Basics! Here you will embark on great adventure i.e. learning all about the basics of the major system that power your car. Introduction
14. Your average car engine will have 4,6 or 8 pistons. You can think of piston as similar to “plungers” moving up and down within their cylinders. On the top side of the piston is the combustion chamber, where fuel and air are mixed together before being ignited. On the other side of the piston is the crankcase, which is full of oil. Your air and fuel are kept separate from the oil by “O-Ring” style rubber seals 1.Piston
15. 2. Crankshaft The crankshaft is connected to piston by a rod. As the piston moves up and down, the crankshaft rotates and converts the up and the down motion into rotatory motion. In other words, it helps turn the wheels.3. Valvetrain The valvetrain is made up of valves, rocker arms, pushrods, lifters and the cam shaft. The job of the valvetrain is to let the air and fuel in and out of the engine at the appropriate time. This is accomplished by synchronizing the cam shaft to the crankshaft with a belt or a chain.
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17. The average car today uses what is known as a “4-stroke” or “4 cycle” engine. What this means is that there are four separate events that happen in your engine as it runs: Intake stroke Compression stroke Power stroke Exhaust stroke How it all works
18. 1. Intake strokeAn intake valve is opened by the camshaft, and the piston moves down inside the cylinder creating a vacuum which sucks air and fuel into the combustion chamber.
19. 2. Compression stroke The intake valve closes as the piston moves up the cylinder. This creates a seal that allows the air and fuel to be compressed.
20. 3. Power stroke As the piston nears the top of the cylinder, the spark plug fires and ignites the compressed air and fuel. The force of ignition drives the piston back down into the cylinder again, turning the crankshaft..
21. 4. Exhaust strokeOnce the piston reaches the bottom of the cylinder again, the exhaust valves opens. Leftover air and gas are sent out to the exhaust system.
22. If any part of your fuel system breaks down, your engine will not. Therefore it is very important to keep your fuel system well-maintained and address any problem that come up soon as possible. Let’s look at the parts: Fuel tank Fuel pump Fuel filter Fuel injectors (newer cars) Carbonator (older cars) Your Car’s Fuel System
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24. 1. Fuel Tank Pretty self-explanatory! The fuel tank is where your car’s fuel is stored. Inside the tank is a sending unit which tells your gas gauge how much fuel is left in the tank.2. Fuel Pump On newer model cars, the fuel pump is usually installed inside the fuel tank. On older model cars, the fuel pump may be attached to the engine or on the frame rail between the tank and engine.3. Fuel Filter Fuel filters may be located before or after the fuel pump (and in some cars, there are two fuel filters – one before the pump, and one after). Intake valves tend to get clogged and fuel filters serve to clean this build up out of the gasoline.
25. 4. Fuel Injectors Fuel injection is used in the majority foreign and domestic cars produced after 1986. The fuel injector is a small, electric valve. The opening and closing of this valve is controlled by a computer.5. Carburetor On older model cars, a carburetor is used to help mix air and fuel. It’s a very inefficient process , and carburetors are notorious for breaking down. This is why most manufactures switched to fuel injection.
26. Your exhaust system carries away the gasses created by engine combustion. The whole system consist of five components: Exhausted Manifold Oxygen Sensor Catalytic Converter Muffler Exhaust Pipe Your Car’s Exhaust System
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28. 1. Exhaust Manifold The exhaust manifold attaches to the cylinder head, taking the exhaust from each piston, and routing it through one pipe.2. Oxygen Sensor A component of fuel-injection system, the oxygen sensor monitors the level of oxygen present in the exhaust and makes adjustment to fuel input in order to maximize fuel economy. An oxygen sensor is usually mounted near the exhaust manifold.
29. 3.Catalytic Converter The catalytic converter acts somewhat like a filter in that it’s job is to convert harmful byproducts of the process into less harmful ones. Namely, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are converted to water vapor and carbon dioxide. Your catalytic converter should be located between your exhaust manifold and muffler.4.Muffler The muffler “muffles” the sound of your engine’s combustion and exhaust process. Sound is reduced by “bouncing” the exhaust against internal baffles to reduce its energy.5.Exhaust Pipe Once your gas has turned to vapor within the exhaust system, it is carried out of your car through the exhaust pipe.
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31. As you can imagine, your car’s engine gets super hot while running. Normal operating temperature for the average fuel burning engine is around 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, but temperatures may go up as high as 4,000 degrees F. during the combustion process. A cooling system is necessary for a couple of reason: To prevent temperature high enough to melt engine parts. To stabilize engine temperature at the most efficient level regardless of environmental conditions. While some heat is carried away by the exhaust system. It’s not enough to protect the pistons and cylinders. Your Car’s Engine-Cooling System
32. Most automobiles use what is known as a “liquid-cooling” system. In other words, a liquid ‘coolant’ is circulated to absorb and carry away heat from the engine.This liquid is then sent o the radiator, where it is “re-cooled” again and sent back out for another pass through the engine.Let’s look at the parts involved in the cooling system:1. Hoses2. Fan Belt3. Radiator4. Water Pump
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34. 1. HosesHoses are used to carry the liquid coolant.2. Fan Belt A Fan belt is used to drive the water pump, which circulates the coolant through the system.3. Radiator The radiator cools your coolant.4. Water Pump The water pump, which is driven by your engine via fan belt, is responsible for pushing the coolant to circulate
35. The drive train (also sometimes referred to as the ‘power point’) serves two functions: Drive power from the engine to the drive wheel. Vary the amount of torque. We use the expression “drive wheel” to refer to the actual “driven wheels” of a vehicle. For instance, an automobile with 2-wheel drive is designed to power 2 drive wheels (either the two front wheels or the back wheels), while the remaining wheels on the vehicle roll out but do not actually power the car forward. There are two sets of gears in the drive train: Transmission Differential Your car’s Drive Train
36. TransmissionThe transmission is used to adjust gear ratio. This is similar to (but more complex than) the gear-switching of a bicycle. Automotive transmission require multiple ratio gearboxes to maintain the same engine RPM’s at different speeds.Differential The differential is used to help the wheels turn at different speeds.Now , we can break the transmission down even further because there are 2 types of transmission you are probably familiar with:1.. Manual 2. Automatic.
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38. Manual Transmission Manual transmission usually have 4 or 5 speeds. Most use manual clutches, but there are a few models out there that actually use an electric clutch with a manual stick shift. Manual transmissions require the driver to shift the gears.Automatic Transmissions Automatic transmissions typically use 3 “forward” gears. Each gear is intended to balance speed and torque for the current driving conditions (starting, acceleration, driving up hill, etc). In automatic transmissions, though, is that the gear-shifting process is controlled by oil pressure. A “shift valve”, controlled by oil pressure, is employed to shift the gears to meet the immediate driving conditions. Your AXLE may be located at the either the front or the rear depending on whether you have front or rear wheel drive. Power from the engine is delivered to the axle by DRIVESHAFT.
42. Torsion springs Also include in the suspension system: shocks, struts and sway bars. Your Car’s Suspension System
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46. The electrical system in today’s cars are complex, and there are dozens of things that can go wrong at any times with the major devices as well as auxiliary devices such as radios, chargers, defrosters, power windows and so on. The Big Three things that you need to pay attention to are: The Battery The Starter Motor The Alternator Your Car’s Electrical System
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48. The Battery Your battery stores power to start your car, as well as run all the secondary devices like radios and clocks.The starter Motor The starter motor is a DC solenoid used to start the car’s engine.The Alternator The alternator manages current to keep your car charged while running (it is powered by the engine), and to restore charge to the battery.
49. In old days, car body’s were almost entirely metal. These days, however, most car bodies are composite of fiberglass and plastic around a metal frame. Common body problem may include: Rust – In this case, we’re talking about rust from the inside out. This is a bigger problem with older model cars. Accidents – Repairs can get pricey on newer model cars due to their construction. A metal bumper, for example, can be ‘banged’ back into some cases. Plastic bumpers, however, usually have to be replaced in full. Paint – UV rays from the sun can damage paint over time. Scratches and dings from rocks, hail or other debris can create chips in the paint leading to further deterioration. Your Car’s Body
50. If you have a newer model car or truck, it is likely that you have disc brakes on all braking wheels, rather than drums. Older models braking system typically employ disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the back wheels. Why disk brakes? Disc brakes are lighter and perform better than drums in terms of wear and tear. This is because the disc brakes are gripped on either side by the brake pads, similar to the brakes on a cycle. The wear form the heat and friction is distributed evenly. Your Car’s Brakes System
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52. A standard brake system consist of 4 main components:1.. Disc and or drums and rotors2. Friction pads3. Master cylinder and brake cylinders4. Brake Fluid The master cylinder connects to your brake pedal via a “push rod”. This push rod is then connected to each brakes cylinder by steel brake lines and the rubber hoses that carry the hydraulic brake fluid. Pressure applied to the brake pedal activates the master cylinder pistons which pump brake fluid through the system.
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54. The first thing to note is that your heating and AC system is designed to: Add heat to the inside environment, or Remove heat from the inside environment In other words, the cooling of your AC is not achieved by “creating cold”, but by removing heat and moisture from the air until the desired temperature is achieved. Your Car’s Heat and AC
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56. Your Car’s heating and AC system consist of the following:1. Heater core or ‘secondary’ radiator2. Compressor3. Evaporator4. Condenser5. Fan6. Hoses 7. Liquid refrigerant (Freon, usually R-12 or R-134)In order to heat your car, the system circulates air around the heater core then return it back into the interior of the vehicle. Simple enough, right?The AC system is more elaborate. It starts with the evaporator, which receivesthe air pulled from the interior of the car via a fan. Meanwhile, your compressor is moving refrigerant through a condenser and back to the evaporator.In other words, your AC removes heat from the air by removing the water vapor it on a continual basis as it circulates through the system and back into car.
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58. Oil lubricates the moving parts of your engine, protecting them from the wear of friction and high temperatures. What is important here , though, is nit any of the parts of the system but itself. The biggest thing you can do to extend the life of your vehicle is to have the oil changed on regular basis. Most manufactures recommend you get an oil changed every 2 to 3 months or every 2,000 to 3,000 miles. It is vitally important that you use the correct grade and viscosity of oil for your driving conditions. Very cold driving conditions require a thinner viscosity ( the thinner the oil, the faster it heats up) while very hot conditions may require multi-grade or higher viscosity oil Your Car’s Oil
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60. Car Basics for Beginners. Everything You’ve Always Wanted to Ask Your Mechanic.Retrieved January 26, 2010, from http://automobile.for-beginners-only.com Reference
61. Prepared by: Utkarsh Kushwah B-Tech (Automotive Design) 2009-13 University of Petroleum & Energy Studies