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775420115-SWINE-PRODUCTION-AND-MANAGEMENT-Lec-1.pptx

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SWINE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVE: To understand the principles and management procedures in swine production; the parameters for an efficient swine; and the difficulties and problems encountered. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME: 1. Explain the animal husbandry systems along with the factors limiting animal health, welfare and production within the systems. 2. Develop attitude to continually seek new knowledge and ability to provide high quality veterinary care and community service. Units for lecture and laboratory 3 units (2 units lecture; 1 unit laboratory)
Swine Production in the Philippines Swine Production in the Philippines has been a profitable business for Filipinos through the decades. Its popularity is evidently seen among backyards of rural families. An average Filipino family usually raises a small number of pigs to augment their daily needs. While both parents are busy with their work, children may help in raising a few piglets until they reach their marketable age. No wonder, more hogs are produced in backyards compared to commercial piggeries. Despite the challenges facing the swine industry (e.g. diet relying heavily on expensive concentrates; susceptibility to numerous diseases and parasites), still many people are venturing into this enterprise.
Swine Production is the largest among the livestock and poultry industries of the country. It is the second largest contributor to the country’s agriculture next to rice, accounting for 18.28 % of the total value of agricultural production. Swine production plays a major role in ensuring the country’s food security by providing about 60 %percent of the total animal meat consumption of Filipinos. The country’s total swine inventory as of January 1, 2016, was 12.48 million heads. This was 3.98 % higher than last year’s inventory of 12.00 million heads. Stocks in backyard farms went up by 2.27 %. Likewise, stocks in commercial farms grew by 7.15 % compared to the 2015 level. About 64.0 % of the total stocks were raised in backyard farms and the rest were in commercial farms, (Philippine Statistics Authority).
a) The volume of pig production from April to June 2023 was recorded at 422.72 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This indicates an annual increase of 1.0 % from the 418.40 thousand metric tons, liveweight output in the same period of 2022. Central Visayas was the top producer of hog with 54.44 thousand metric tons, liveweight or 12.9 % share to the total hog production during the period. Completing the top five regions with the highest volume of hog production at liveweight during the quarter were the following: a. Calabarzon = 53.84 thousand metric tons; b. Northern Mindanao = 50.98 thousand metric tons; c. Central Luzon = 42.35 thousand metric tons; and d. Western Visayas = 42.03 thousand metric tons.
• Definitions Backy ard farm refers to any farm or household whether farming or non-farm ing raising at least one head of animal and does not qualify as a com mercial farm . Commercial farm refers to any livestock farm which satisfied at least one ofthe following conditions: • tending at least 21 heads of adult and zero head of young • tending at least 41 heads of young animals • tending at least 10 heads of adult and 22 heads of young Concepts and Definitions • Backyard Farm refers to any farm or household whether farming or non-farming raising at least one head of animal and does not qualify as a com mercial farm. • Commercial Farm refers to any livestock farm which satisfied at least one of the following conditions: • Tending at least 21 heads of adult and zero head of young • Tending at least 41 heads of young anim als • Tending at least 10 heads of adult and 22 heads of young Concepts and Definitions • Backyard Farm refers to any farm or household whether farming or non-farming raising at least one head of animal and does not qualify as a com mercial farm. • Commercial Farm refers to any livestock farm which satisfied at least one of the following conditions: • Tending at least 21 heads of adult and zero head of young • Tending at least 41 heads of young anim als • Tending at least 10 heads of adult and 22 heads of young
WHY ENGAGE IN SWINE PRODUCTION? Swine provides red meat for the human diet and convert feed to meat more efficiently than cattle or sheep. A beef steer requires about 9pounds of feed to produce a pound of beef, a lamb requires about 8 pounds, while a hog requires from 4-5 pounds of feed per pound of live weight. Swine are prolific, commonly producing 2 litters/year from 6-12 pigs/litter. Swine can convert some wastes and by-products into meat. Examples are garden waste and some types of garbage such as food and scraps. Very little labor is required. It is possible to get by with a small investment for buildings and equipment. Returns come quickly. a gilt (young female swine) may be bred at eight months, and the pigs are ready for slaughter six months after farrowing. Swine are an excellent source of home processed meats due to ease of dressing and to the superior curing and keeping qualities of pork.
COMMON BREEDS OF PIGS 1. Large White (Yorkshire) Large entirely white breed with medium, erect ears. It was seen as a robust animal with strong legs and body posture. They adapt well to confinement but not to rugged conditions. The Yorkshire sow are excellent milkers, wean large litters, have superior mothering ability, with excellent results in meat quality, fertility, piglet survival and viability, feed consumption and growth rate. Yorkshires are known for their muscle, with a high proportion of lean meat and low backfat. soundness and durability are additional strengths.
Large White (Yorkshire)
2. Landrace This breed is white, short-legged, and has medium to large drooping ears. Sows have excellent mothering ability and litter size. They are heavy milkers thus they produce pigs with superior growth rate and feed utilization efficiency. When crossed with other breeds, they produce pigs of highly acceptable carcass quality. However, they can't adapt to rugged conditions because of their weak feet and legs.
Landrace Boar
Landrace are utilized as grandparents (GP) in the production of F1 parent stock females that are utilized in a terminal Crossbreeding Program. They excel in litter size, birth and weaning weight, rebreeding interval, durability and longevity. Landrace produces F1 females that exhibit 100% maternal heterosis when mated to a Yorkshire.
3. Duroc The duroc color is of varying shades of red. The sows are prolific and are good mothers. They produce pigs that are superior in growth rate and in feed conversion. Their performance under rugged conditions is better than any of the white breeds.
Origin - Developed in the U.S. from two strains of red hosts: the Jersey Red of New Jersey and Duroc of New York. Color - A solid red color ranging from a very light gold to a very dark red. Ears - Small to medium size and drooping. Important Traits - Excellent rate of gain and feed efficiency.
Duroc gilt
4. Hampshire They are black with a white belt around the shoulder; short- legged; lack body thickness. The sows are noted for weaning a high percentage of the pigs farrowed and are adaptable to very rugged conditions. The growth rate, however, has generally been average or below.
Hampshire
5. Berkshire • These are black with four white feet. Some have white in the face and tail. ears are erect and inclined forward as the animal grows older. • This breed is meaty and adaptable to rugged conditions. the length, depth and balance of their body are good but they lack good growth and are not efficient in converting feed to gain weight. • The sows are not as prolific as the other breeds.
Berkshire
6. Pietrain This is a meaty type of pig with black and white spots on its body. The hams, shoulders and loins are well- shaped. The ears are erect. Its carcass has a high lean meat percentage, but poor body constitution. Its efficiency in converting feed to gain weight is not good and it is something of a slow grower. Pietrain is only worthwhile in crosses but not as a pure breed, because it is highly susceptible to stress.
7. POLAND CHINA In the early 1800s, Poland China hogs originated in Ohio. Today, Poland China hogs are known for their large frame, length of body, leanness and muscle. They also are excellent feeders, gaining well under good care and management. They also are quiet in their disposition.