A 19-year-old male student was referred for irritability, overtalkativeness, disturbed sleep, and paranoid beliefs about being tracked by his cousin after abruptly stopping regular cannabis use. He had a 3-year history of increasing cannabis use and dependence. Upon assessment, he was found to be experiencing insomnia, irritability, and persecutory delusions, consistent with an acute cannabis withdrawal syndrome and drug-induced psychosis.
1) Developing a national drug policy involves a complex process of formulation, implementation, and monitoring over time.
2) Careful planning is needed, including strategic and implementation plans, to achieve policy objectives.
3) All stakeholders must be involved throughout the process through consultation, dialogue, and negotiation.
4) Formulating and implementing drug policy is a highly political process that aims to improve access, efficiency, and responsiveness of the pharmaceutical sector.
This document discusses counterfeit medicines and measures to combat them. It defines counterfeit medicines according to WHO as those deliberately mislabeled regarding identity and/or source. The most common types of counterfeits are those without active ingredients or with incorrect quantities. Counterfeiting is prevalent in developing countries and online pharmacies. It poses dangers like treatment failure, toxicity, and drug resistance. Detection methods include chemical kits, barcodes, and Raman spectroscopy. Measures to combat counterfeits involve legislation, regulation, international cooperation, and awareness campaigns. Pharmacists play a role in preventing counterfeits from entering the supply chain.
This document provides guidance on gut decontamination methods for poisoned patients, including ipecac, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. It recommends that ipecac and gastric lavage should rarely be used. Activated charcoal is most effective if administered within one hour of ingestion for known poisons that can be bound by charcoal. Whole bowel irrigation may be useful for sustained-release preparations or potentially toxic heavy metal ingestions if started within 4 hours. Each method has specific guidelines around dosage, timing, and contraindications.
This document discusses drug use during pregnancy and lactation. It notes that drug use requires special consideration as it affects both the mother and child. Many pregnant or lactating women take drugs for acute or chronic conditions. The document provides details on common drug classes used in pregnancy, considerations for drug safety and effects during each trimester, placental drug transfer, effects of pregnancy on pharmacokinetics, considerations for drug use during lactation, and general principles for minimizing risk when drug use is necessary.
Case Studies (Clinical Pharmacy Assignment)
Case Studies
Case Study 1. Drug Related Problem
Case Study 2. Alcohol Toxicity
Case Study 3. Patient Counseling
Case Study 4. Peptic Ulcer
Case Study 5. Drug and the Newborn
Case Study 6. Night time Anxiety
Case Study 7. Clostridium Difficile
Case Study 8. Epilepsy and Pregnancy
Case Study 9. Parkinsonism
Case Study 10. Treatment May Be Worse Than Condition
This document discusses various factors that can cause birth defects and abnormal development, including drugs, chemicals, maternal diseases, infections, and environmental factors. It notes that while only around 2-3% of newborns have congenital malformations, the cause is unknown in 40-60% of cases. Known causes include genetic/chromosomal factors (10-15%), environmental agents (10%), and multifactorial origins (20-25%). Certain drugs are identified as known teratogens, like thalidomide, while others like oral hypoglycemics appear to be safe. The timing and type of exposure can influence the effects. Counseling is important to prevent unnecessary pregnancy terminations due to misperceptions of risk.
1) Developing a national drug policy involves a complex process of formulation, implementation, and monitoring over time.
2) Careful planning is needed, including strategic and implementation plans, to achieve policy objectives.
3) All stakeholders must be involved throughout the process through consultation, dialogue, and negotiation.
4) Formulating and implementing drug policy is a highly political process that aims to improve access, efficiency, and responsiveness of the pharmaceutical sector.
This document discusses counterfeit medicines and measures to combat them. It defines counterfeit medicines according to WHO as those deliberately mislabeled regarding identity and/or source. The most common types of counterfeits are those without active ingredients or with incorrect quantities. Counterfeiting is prevalent in developing countries and online pharmacies. It poses dangers like treatment failure, toxicity, and drug resistance. Detection methods include chemical kits, barcodes, and Raman spectroscopy. Measures to combat counterfeits involve legislation, regulation, international cooperation, and awareness campaigns. Pharmacists play a role in preventing counterfeits from entering the supply chain.
This document provides guidance on gut decontamination methods for poisoned patients, including ipecac, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. It recommends that ipecac and gastric lavage should rarely be used. Activated charcoal is most effective if administered within one hour of ingestion for known poisons that can be bound by charcoal. Whole bowel irrigation may be useful for sustained-release preparations or potentially toxic heavy metal ingestions if started within 4 hours. Each method has specific guidelines around dosage, timing, and contraindications.
This document discusses drug use during pregnancy and lactation. It notes that drug use requires special consideration as it affects both the mother and child. Many pregnant or lactating women take drugs for acute or chronic conditions. The document provides details on common drug classes used in pregnancy, considerations for drug safety and effects during each trimester, placental drug transfer, effects of pregnancy on pharmacokinetics, considerations for drug use during lactation, and general principles for minimizing risk when drug use is necessary.
Case Studies (Clinical Pharmacy Assignment)
Case Studies
Case Study 1. Drug Related Problem
Case Study 2. Alcohol Toxicity
Case Study 3. Patient Counseling
Case Study 4. Peptic Ulcer
Case Study 5. Drug and the Newborn
Case Study 6. Night time Anxiety
Case Study 7. Clostridium Difficile
Case Study 8. Epilepsy and Pregnancy
Case Study 9. Parkinsonism
Case Study 10. Treatment May Be Worse Than Condition
This document discusses various factors that can cause birth defects and abnormal development, including drugs, chemicals, maternal diseases, infections, and environmental factors. It notes that while only around 2-3% of newborns have congenital malformations, the cause is unknown in 40-60% of cases. Known causes include genetic/chromosomal factors (10-15%), environmental agents (10%), and multifactorial origins (20-25%). Certain drugs are identified as known teratogens, like thalidomide, while others like oral hypoglycemics appear to be safe. The timing and type of exposure can influence the effects. Counseling is important to prevent unnecessary pregnancy terminations due to misperceptions of risk.
Toxicology is the field that studies the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Key figures in the history of toxicology include Paracelsus, Rachel Carson, and Orfila. Important chemicals include mercury, DDT, and alcohol. Risk assessment involves hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Toxicokinetics describes what happens to a compound in the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, while toxicodynamics describes how the compound causes toxicity. Biotransformation can activate or deactivate compounds through phase I and phase II reactions.
The document categorizes and lists different types of drugs based on their pharmacological classification and mode of action. It discusses drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system, autacoids and related drugs, drugs for respiratory disorders, hormones and related drugs, drugs acting on the peripheral and central nervous system, cardiovascular drugs, drugs acting on the kidney and blood, gastrointestinal drugs, antibacterial drugs, antifungal/antiviral/antiprotozoal/anthelmintic drugs, anticancer drugs, and miscellaneous drugs. The document provides a broad overview of pharmacological drug categories.
This document outlines general principles for the treatment of poisoning and management of common drug poisonings. It discusses stabilization of airway, breathing, circulation and CNS depression as priorities. Evaluation, decontamination including gastric lavage and activated charcoal, and poison elimination methods are reviewed. Specific treatments for paracetamol, salicylate, organophosphate and other poisonings are provided. The document serves as a guide for clinicians on managing poisoning cases.
The document discusses the history of toxicology from ancient times to the modern era. It covers early studies of poisons dating back to 2700 BC in China and Egypt. Important figures mentioned include Socrates who was executed with hemlock poison, Avicenna in the 10th century who studied poisons and antidotes, and Paracelsus in the 16th century who is considered the father of toxicology. The document also discusses the development of toxicology as a scientific discipline in the 18th-20th centuries with contributors such as Orfila, Paul, and Rachel Carson.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
1) Antidotes work by forming inert complexes with poisons, accelerating detoxification, reducing toxic conversion, competing at receptor sites, blocking receptor sites, or bypassing toxic effects.
2) Common antidotes are activated charcoal, acetylcysteine, atropine, calcium gluconate, dimercaprol, digoxin immune fab, fomepizole, hydroxocobalamin, methylene blue, naloxone, pralidoxime, and sodium bicarbonate.
3) While supportive care is often sufficient, antidotes can be life-saving in acute poisoning by quickly counteracting toxic effects and reducing burden on the healthcare
This document discusses adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It defines ADRs and provides statistics on their frequency and impact. It discusses various factors that can influence ADRs, including patient characteristics like age and genetics. It also discusses drug properties and interactions that can lead to ADRs. The document classifies ADRs into types A-F based on mechanisms and timing. It provides many examples of common and serious ADRs to illustrate different types. The document emphasizes the importance of pharmacovigilance in monitoring and preventing ADRs.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small T-shaped plastic devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy for 12 years or more. There are two main types - copper IUDs last 10 years while hormonal IUDs release progestin and last 5 years. IUDs work by affecting sperm and egg movement and thickness of cervical mucus to prevent fertilization and implantation. They have few side effects and are over 99% effective while allowing for natural intercourse. Risks include heavier periods or cramps with copper IUDs and potential expulsion or perforation during insertion.
A brief presentation about the transport of drugs across the cell membrane including the many mechanisms and various transporters and a brief overview of the ABC and SLC superfamily of transporters.
This document discusses various types of anti-cancer drugs and their mechanisms of action. It describes six main categories: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, cytotoxic antibiotics, plant derivatives, hormones, and monoclonal antibodies. Alkylating agents form cross-links with DNA. Antimetabolites block metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis. Cytotoxic antibiotics directly damage DNA through intercalation or inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes. Plant derivatives like vinca alkaloids and taxanes inhibit microtubule formation. Hormones inhibit hormone-dependent tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies target specific proteins on cancer cells to induce immune-mediated killing or inhibit growth factor receptors.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY QUESTIONS PDF.
Clinical toxicolgy dealt with the toxicity of the medicine in the human body once used at the higher dose . beside of clinical toxicology there are forensic toxicology that dealwith environment . toxicology is the wide course that has many field of applications.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines and rational use of drugs. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the priority health care needs of the population. The WHO publishes a Model List of Essential Medicines every two years to guide countries in developing their own national lists. Educational, managerial, economic and regulatory strategies can be used to promote rational drug use and selection of cost-effective treatments. Pharmacists can play a role through drug selection, inventory control, patient education, and pharmaceutical care.
This document discusses various pharmacological treatments for infertility. It begins by defining infertility and discussing its prevalence in the population. It then covers hormonal causes of female infertility and various drug treatments for specific conditions like anovulation, PCOS, and corpus luteal phase defect. Key drugs discussed include clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, hCG, GnRH agonists and antagonists, and bromocriptine. Surgical treatments and assisted reproduction techniques are also briefly mentioned.
Drug interactions their types, examples and roleYousra Ashraf
Drug interactions occur when two or more substances administered together alter their effects on the body. There are two main types of drug interactions - pharmacodynamic interactions, which involve drugs acting on the same receptors or tissues, and pharmacokinetic interactions, which alter a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. Common examples of drug-drug interactions include aspirin increasing the effects of anticoagulants like warfarin and antibiotics affecting blood thinners. Food and disease can also interact with drugs. It is important for pharmacists to monitor for potential interactions and advise patients.
Antipsychotic drugs are primarily used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders by decreasing hallucinations, delusions, and permitting patients to function better. First-generation ("typical") antipsychotics like chlorpromazine work mainly by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Second-generation ("atypical") antipsychotics have fewer motor side effects and also block serotonin receptors. Clozapine was the first atypical drug and is effective for treatment-resistant cases but requires blood monitoring due to risk of agranulocytosis. Risperidone and olanzapine are also widely used atypical antipsychotics.
During pregnancy, most drugs can cross the placenta and expose the fetus to their effects, with factors like molecular weight, lipid solubility, and placental transporters influencing transfer. Physiologic changes in pregnancy can impact drug absorption, distribution, and metabolism in the mother. Certain drugs are known to cause adverse effects in the fetus like congenital malformations, growth issues, or neonatal withdrawal symptoms.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines. It begins by defining essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the majority of the population and should be available at all times in adequate amounts and affordable price. It then outlines the history of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, criteria for selecting essential medicines, guidelines for establishing national essential medicines programs, and advantages and disadvantages of essential medicines lists. It also summarizes recommendations from the 18th WHO Model List and 4th Essential Medicines List for Children from 2013.
This document discusses drug dependence and abuse. It defines drug abuse as the compulsive and harmful use of substances, and dependence as a compulsive need to use drugs to function normally and experience withdrawal without them. It explores reasons for drug use and the difference between abuse and dependence. Specific drugs discussed include nicotine, alcohol, and opioids. For each drug, modes of use, mechanisms of action in the body, effects, tolerance, dependence and treatment approaches are summarized.
The document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It provides information on different types of drugs like cannabis, narcotics, CNS depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. It describes drug use patterns in Pakistan and surveys on drug abuse from the 1980s to 1990s. It also discusses the neurological basis of addiction, sociological factors contributing to drug abuse, effects of addiction, and approaches to treatment and rehabilitation of addicts. Government legislation and efforts to control drug abuse through surveys and policy plans are also summarized.
Toxicology is the field that studies the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Key figures in the history of toxicology include Paracelsus, Rachel Carson, and Orfila. Important chemicals include mercury, DDT, and alcohol. Risk assessment involves hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Toxicokinetics describes what happens to a compound in the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, while toxicodynamics describes how the compound causes toxicity. Biotransformation can activate or deactivate compounds through phase I and phase II reactions.
The document categorizes and lists different types of drugs based on their pharmacological classification and mode of action. It discusses drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system, autacoids and related drugs, drugs for respiratory disorders, hormones and related drugs, drugs acting on the peripheral and central nervous system, cardiovascular drugs, drugs acting on the kidney and blood, gastrointestinal drugs, antibacterial drugs, antifungal/antiviral/antiprotozoal/anthelmintic drugs, anticancer drugs, and miscellaneous drugs. The document provides a broad overview of pharmacological drug categories.
This document outlines general principles for the treatment of poisoning and management of common drug poisonings. It discusses stabilization of airway, breathing, circulation and CNS depression as priorities. Evaluation, decontamination including gastric lavage and activated charcoal, and poison elimination methods are reviewed. Specific treatments for paracetamol, salicylate, organophosphate and other poisonings are provided. The document serves as a guide for clinicians on managing poisoning cases.
The document discusses the history of toxicology from ancient times to the modern era. It covers early studies of poisons dating back to 2700 BC in China and Egypt. Important figures mentioned include Socrates who was executed with hemlock poison, Avicenna in the 10th century who studied poisons and antidotes, and Paracelsus in the 16th century who is considered the father of toxicology. The document also discusses the development of toxicology as a scientific discipline in the 18th-20th centuries with contributors such as Orfila, Paul, and Rachel Carson.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
1) Antidotes work by forming inert complexes with poisons, accelerating detoxification, reducing toxic conversion, competing at receptor sites, blocking receptor sites, or bypassing toxic effects.
2) Common antidotes are activated charcoal, acetylcysteine, atropine, calcium gluconate, dimercaprol, digoxin immune fab, fomepizole, hydroxocobalamin, methylene blue, naloxone, pralidoxime, and sodium bicarbonate.
3) While supportive care is often sufficient, antidotes can be life-saving in acute poisoning by quickly counteracting toxic effects and reducing burden on the healthcare
This document discusses adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It defines ADRs and provides statistics on their frequency and impact. It discusses various factors that can influence ADRs, including patient characteristics like age and genetics. It also discusses drug properties and interactions that can lead to ADRs. The document classifies ADRs into types A-F based on mechanisms and timing. It provides many examples of common and serious ADRs to illustrate different types. The document emphasizes the importance of pharmacovigilance in monitoring and preventing ADRs.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small T-shaped plastic devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy for 12 years or more. There are two main types - copper IUDs last 10 years while hormonal IUDs release progestin and last 5 years. IUDs work by affecting sperm and egg movement and thickness of cervical mucus to prevent fertilization and implantation. They have few side effects and are over 99% effective while allowing for natural intercourse. Risks include heavier periods or cramps with copper IUDs and potential expulsion or perforation during insertion.
A brief presentation about the transport of drugs across the cell membrane including the many mechanisms and various transporters and a brief overview of the ABC and SLC superfamily of transporters.
This document discusses various types of anti-cancer drugs and their mechanisms of action. It describes six main categories: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, cytotoxic antibiotics, plant derivatives, hormones, and monoclonal antibodies. Alkylating agents form cross-links with DNA. Antimetabolites block metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis. Cytotoxic antibiotics directly damage DNA through intercalation or inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes. Plant derivatives like vinca alkaloids and taxanes inhibit microtubule formation. Hormones inhibit hormone-dependent tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies target specific proteins on cancer cells to induce immune-mediated killing or inhibit growth factor receptors.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY QUESTIONS PDF.
Clinical toxicolgy dealt with the toxicity of the medicine in the human body once used at the higher dose . beside of clinical toxicology there are forensic toxicology that dealwith environment . toxicology is the wide course that has many field of applications.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines and rational use of drugs. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the priority health care needs of the population. The WHO publishes a Model List of Essential Medicines every two years to guide countries in developing their own national lists. Educational, managerial, economic and regulatory strategies can be used to promote rational drug use and selection of cost-effective treatments. Pharmacists can play a role through drug selection, inventory control, patient education, and pharmaceutical care.
This document discusses various pharmacological treatments for infertility. It begins by defining infertility and discussing its prevalence in the population. It then covers hormonal causes of female infertility and various drug treatments for specific conditions like anovulation, PCOS, and corpus luteal phase defect. Key drugs discussed include clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, hCG, GnRH agonists and antagonists, and bromocriptine. Surgical treatments and assisted reproduction techniques are also briefly mentioned.
Drug interactions their types, examples and roleYousra Ashraf
Drug interactions occur when two or more substances administered together alter their effects on the body. There are two main types of drug interactions - pharmacodynamic interactions, which involve drugs acting on the same receptors or tissues, and pharmacokinetic interactions, which alter a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. Common examples of drug-drug interactions include aspirin increasing the effects of anticoagulants like warfarin and antibiotics affecting blood thinners. Food and disease can also interact with drugs. It is important for pharmacists to monitor for potential interactions and advise patients.
Antipsychotic drugs are primarily used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders by decreasing hallucinations, delusions, and permitting patients to function better. First-generation ("typical") antipsychotics like chlorpromazine work mainly by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Second-generation ("atypical") antipsychotics have fewer motor side effects and also block serotonin receptors. Clozapine was the first atypical drug and is effective for treatment-resistant cases but requires blood monitoring due to risk of agranulocytosis. Risperidone and olanzapine are also widely used atypical antipsychotics.
During pregnancy, most drugs can cross the placenta and expose the fetus to their effects, with factors like molecular weight, lipid solubility, and placental transporters influencing transfer. Physiologic changes in pregnancy can impact drug absorption, distribution, and metabolism in the mother. Certain drugs are known to cause adverse effects in the fetus like congenital malformations, growth issues, or neonatal withdrawal symptoms.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines. It begins by defining essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the majority of the population and should be available at all times in adequate amounts and affordable price. It then outlines the history of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, criteria for selecting essential medicines, guidelines for establishing national essential medicines programs, and advantages and disadvantages of essential medicines lists. It also summarizes recommendations from the 18th WHO Model List and 4th Essential Medicines List for Children from 2013.
This document discusses drug dependence and abuse. It defines drug abuse as the compulsive and harmful use of substances, and dependence as a compulsive need to use drugs to function normally and experience withdrawal without them. It explores reasons for drug use and the difference between abuse and dependence. Specific drugs discussed include nicotine, alcohol, and opioids. For each drug, modes of use, mechanisms of action in the body, effects, tolerance, dependence and treatment approaches are summarized.
The document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It provides information on different types of drugs like cannabis, narcotics, CNS depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. It describes drug use patterns in Pakistan and surveys on drug abuse from the 1980s to 1990s. It also discusses the neurological basis of addiction, sociological factors contributing to drug abuse, effects of addiction, and approaches to treatment and rehabilitation of addicts. Government legislation and efforts to control drug abuse through surveys and policy plans are also summarized.
Make a difference within & beyond the hospital chose a career in psychiatry.Kingsley Okonoda
Psychiatry is the branch of Medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses and the promotion of mental well-being.
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in mental health, including substance use disorders. Psychiatrists are qualified to assess both the mental and physical aspects of psychological problems.
A knowledge of Psychiatry can help you to be relevant in all the fields of human endevour beyond the hospital.
This presentation shows you the pathway to becoming a Psychiatrist in Nigeria.
The document discusses drug abuse issues in the Philippines. It notes that drug abuse is a serious problem that destroys lives and communities. According to government statistics, the most common drugs abused are shabu, marijuana, and inhalants. The document also discusses risk factors for drug abuse like poverty, peer pressure, and easy access to drugs. It notes President Duterte's campaign to eliminate drug supply and demand through harsh enforcement measures.
Week 5 Focused SOAP Note and Patient Case Presentation Cosamirapdcosden
A 53-year-old Caucasian male presented with symptoms of psychosis including delusions of people outside trying to harm him and poisoning his food on TV. He reported insomnia, paranoia, and hearing voices for weeks. His medical history included diabetes. A differential diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional of persecution was considered. The patient was started on antipsychotic medication and referred for supportive therapy and monitoring of his symptoms and medication side effects.
I am thankful to Almighty Allah for blessing me with all the necessary resources for exploring my surrounding. Secondly I want to thank my parents for guiding and supporting me.
I am grateful to Mohammad Ali Jinnah University for providing me a platform from where I am able to explore my environment with ease. I wish I add more to the name of my prestigious university.
This report would have not been possible if Madam Ruksana Khalid- Administrator, Mumtaz Medical Clinic and Dr. Junaid Ahmed – Clinical Registrar, Pakistan Association of Mental Health had not given their precious time and valuable information.
This presentation will cover definition and classifications of psychosis and schizophrenia, symptom dimensions, etiopathogenesis, risk factors and prognosis and management approaches.
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder. This mental condition can manifest itself in a variety of ways. The predominant difficulties associated with schizophrenia are related to a person's thinking, which is unusual or bizarre. Because the person's thinking is intermittently disordered, a person with schizophrenia may have a variety of behaviors that appear odd or strange to others. In addition, the person's speech is irrational or disjointed.
The document discusses schizophrenia, providing facts and information about symptoms, types, treatment, and management. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population and often develops between ages 15-25. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
- There are positive symptoms like hallucinations and negative symptoms like lack of emotion. Different types include paranoid, disorganized, and catatonic.
- Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, social support, developing skills and routines. Long-term management is important as the disorder requires lifelong attention.
The document discusses substance related disorders and alcoholism. It defines key terms related to substance use and dependence. It also categorizes psychoactive drugs and lists their medical uses. The document discusses causes of substance disorders including biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. It provides signs of drug addiction and key nursing interventions for substance abuse treatment. Finally, it defines alcoholism and provides medical definitions of the disorder.
Chief Complaint Follow upHistory of Presenting IllnessMrJinElias52
Chief Complaint: Follow up
History of Presenting Illness:
Mr. Gerald is 58-year-old AA male admitted to SBGC on 10/8/21 due to history of HTN, chronic ETOH use, tobacco use, Wernicke's encephalopathy and unspecified psychiatric history. He was seen for follow up via telemedicine. He was selectively mute and could not talk to us much. Nodded head to most questions. Patient is a poor historian and has a history of given conflicting information. Staff report that appetite and sleep varies. He is being managed with Aricept 5mg for dementia and Cogentin 0.5mg for EPS. Ativan 1mg PRN for agitation. Nursing to continue to document behavior to direct further treatment plan. Verbalized understanding. No change in status. Denies suicidal or homicidal ideation. Denies any issue or discomfort currently. Patient denies current SI/HI/AVH/Paranoia/Delusion.
Current Medication: As per Matrix medication lists for medical.
Psychiatric medication: None
Past Psychiatric History: Unknown
Past Psychiatric Hospitalization: Unknown
History of Suicide Attempts or Thoughts- Unknown
Previous Psychiatric Medications: None PTSD: Y/N- Unknown.
Family Psychiatric History: Unknown
Medical History/Review of Systems: See Matrix for medical diagnosis.
Allergies Drug: NKDA.
Food Allergies: NKFA
Surgery: Y/N- Unknown. Sleep and Appetite Varies.
Normal Developmental History: None
Exposure to Drugs/medication/Alcohol: Y/N-Unknown
Speech/Language delays: Y/N- Yes
Sexual Abuse or Physical abuse: Y/N-Unknown
Social History: Unknown
Sexually active. Are you in relationship: Unknown?
Family Structure: Unknown
Favorite/Leisure activity: Y/N: Unknown
Educational History/Career: Unknown
Work history: Unknown
Substance Use History: Unknown.
Legal History: Y/N- Unknown
Mental Status Examination:
General Appearance: Neat & clean, casually dressed in good hygiene.
Eye contact: Normal Psychomotor Activity: Normal
Memory: Long term and short-term memory not intact. Attention: Reduced
SPEECH: Decreased speech in amount, rate, and volume.
MOOD: objectively Poor.
AFFECT: Flat and anxious.
THOUGHT PROCESS: Not appropriate.
THOUGHT CONTENT: Denies SI/HI.
PERCEPTIONS: Denies AVH sensorium.
INSIGHT: Poor
JUDGMENT: Poor
COGNITION: Poor
Language. normal.
Diagnosis:
F03.20 Dementia.
Suicidal ideation/HI - Denies Suicidal or homicidal ideation.
PROTECTIVE FACTORS: Family support
RISK ASSESSMENT: Low
SAFETY PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS: Notify staff if feeling Suicidal and call 911 for suicidal attempt.
Psychosis: - Denies Paranoia and delusional.
Prescription: No medication at this time.
Medication Education: Aricept 5mg at bed time for dementia. Cogentin 0.5mg for EPS. Ativan 1mg every 6hrs PRN.
Non-Pharmacological Education Recommended: Continue to use positive coping skills as needed. Identify triggers and address them proactively.
Plan: In 90 days, there will be improvement in memory and concentration.
Fall precaution in place
Follow up in 2 to 4 weeks.
NRNP/PRAC 6645 Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation ...
The document provides information about a 17-year-old male patient from Oman named Abdulla who is being treated for schizophrenia. It includes details about his symptoms, diagnosis, treatment history and current treatment plan. Specifically, it notes that Abdulla experiences hallucinations and delusions. He has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has been admitted to the hospital multiple times previously. His current treatment involves antipsychotic medications as well as psychosocial therapies to help manage his symptoms.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF CANNABIS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
CAUSES
HIGH RISK GROUP
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
D/D
PREPARATION OF CANNABIS
METHOD OF USE
CLINICAL PICTURES
CANNABIS INDUCED DISORDER
COMPLICATION
MANAGEMENT
BRAIN STORMING
REFERENCES
Running head ASSIGNMENT 2 PRACTICUM – ASSESSING CLIENTS .docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: ASSIGNMENT 2: PRACTICUM – ASSESSING CLIENTS 1
10
ASSIGNMENT 2: PRACTICUM – ASSESSING CLIENTS
Assignment 2: Practicum – Assessing Clients
Part 1: Comprehensive Client Family Assessment
Demographic information: T.C is a 73 years old African American male who was admitted after being discharged from another local hospital.
Presenting problem: The patient’s present problem is increased psychosis with auditory hallucination (AH).
History or present illness: The patient has a history of multiple hospitalizations, of which he refused to give further details. He was however diagnosed with increased psychosis with auditory hallucination and reports of being capable of hurting himself and others. He was planning to harm himself with an ice pick on the neck. He claims that he has been having auditory hallucinations telling him to harm himself. He was unable to state the onset of the symptoms of the presenting illness. He was not cooperating with the clinician.
Past psychiatric history: The patient has a history of multiple hospitalizations, which he refused to discuss further.
Diagnoses: Chronic mental illness
Suicidal gestures or attempts: None
Medical history: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), Hypertension (HTN), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), Seizure, Congestive heart failure (CHF).
Surgical history: None
Allergies: No known drug allergies
Current Medication:
· Aspirin oral 81 mg TC, PO daily for the management of CAD
· Rivaroxaban oral 10mg tablets PO daily for the management of CAV/MI
Substance use history: The patient claims to be using cocaine as much as he can, once a month. He claims to have started using the drug when he was 19 years old. He, however, refused to give the last day that he used the drug. He also smokes marijuana once a day and started using it when he was 17 years old. He smokes cigarettes at least 3 to 4 times a day.
Developmental history: The patient is a 73-year-old African American male. He is homeless. He is a Christian. His past daily activities include playing soccer and taking an active role in community services. All his early motor, social, language in addition to emotional milestones were within normal limits before being diagnosed with a psychological disorder.
Family psychiatric history: Negative family psychiatric history. There is no known history of any of the family members suffering from any psychiatric disorder, or under psychiatric medications or hospitalization. No other family member has ever displayed suicidal behavior or substance abuse.
Psychosocial history: The patient has a history of chronic mental illness and is non-compliant to medical treatment.
History of abuse/trauma: The patient has no reported history of abuse or trauma.
Review of systems:
General: No weight change, generally appears to be confused. He presented with poor insight and unable to respond to most questions during an assessment. He does not exercise as much as he used to.
Sk ...
This document discusses substance use among adolescents and teens. Some key points:
- 31% of those under 21 binge drink once a month, 80% drink, 70% smoke, 47% use marijuana, and 29% use other drugs. 2 million aged 12-17 have tried huffing.
- 25% of parents provide alcohol to their kids aged 12-20, and 25% allow drinking in the last 6 months.
- 80% of juveniles 10-17 have a substance abuse issue, 75% also have a mental disorder, and 92% of those using test positive for marijuana. Only 3.6% of those needing treatment receive it.
- Depression is more common in girls after pub
This document provides information on treating psychotic spectrum disorders in primary care psychology. It discusses the risks of psychosis across the lifespan and describes types of psychotic disorders like schizophrenia and their symptoms. It also summarizes guidelines for treating schizophrenia, the neurobiology of psychosis, and rationales for using cognitive behavioral therapy to treat psychosis symptoms. Key points covered include the roles of dopamine and serotonin in positive and negative symptoms, considerations in pharmacotherapy, relationships between trauma and psychosis, and approaches to CBT for psychosis.
There is a clear link between mental illness and substance abuse, with each condition potentially causing or exacerbating the other. Many people use drugs and alcohol to self-medicate the symptoms of mental illnesses like anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, prolonged substance use can worsen underlying mental health conditions. Effective treatment requires addressing both issues simultaneously. The high rates of co-occurrence indicate that those with mental illness are more vulnerable to developing addictions, and vice versa, as both conditions involve similar dysfunctions in the brain's reward and stress response systems.
Psychiatrists receive extensive training in medical school and residency on psychiatric medications, their uses, side effects, and interactions with other medications. They are trained to properly diagnose psychiatric diseases and determine when medication or psychotherapy is needed for a patient. In contrast, psychologists receive very little training on psychiatric medications during their education. They do not learn about medication side effects or interactions in depth. While psychologists are valuable colleagues, asking them to prescribe medications when they have not been properly trained could end up harming patients rather than helping them. Any shortage of psychiatric practitioners should be addressed by training more professionals, not expanding prescription authority without sufficient education.
The document discusses substance abuse among youth and provides information on different drugs and their effects. It notes that substance abuse is the uncontrolled, unprescribed use of any substance that can harm physical or mental health. Many youth do not see alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana as drugs, and over half of youth between 10-17 have tried at least one drug. The rise in HIV/AIDS and STDs among youth is linked to drug abuse.
Attitude knowledge & behaviour among physicians towardWALID SARHAN
A questionnaire was distributed to 115 physicians from various specialties in Jordan to assess their attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding psychiatry. 100 questionnaires were completed and returned. The questionnaire included 30 questions on attitudes toward psychiatry, knowledge of psychiatric disorders and treatment, and how physicians would handle personal or family psychiatric issues. Results found that while most physicians believe in psychiatry, many have limited knowledge and concerns about confidentiality, social stigma, and compatibility with religion influence willingness to consult psychiatrists. Recommendations include increasing psychiatry education and continuing medical education, improving awareness efforts, and further research.
Things which may diappear in next 10 years semi finalarnab ghosh
Currency notes and conventional banking may disappear within the next 10 years as digital transactions become more widely used. Set top boxes and wired chargers could also become obsolete as streaming devices and wireless charging see greater adoption. Vehicles that run on fossil fuels are projected to vanish as renewable energy sources and electric vehicles provide more sustainable transportation options in the future. Physical identity cards may no longer be needed if a single digital identity is established for universal use.
This document outlines guidelines for tuberculosis treatment under India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) using a daily drug regimen rather than the previous thrice-weekly regimen. It describes the treatment protocols for new and previously treated TB cases, including drug combinations, dosages, treatment duration and monitoring. A key change is the use of fixed-dose combination drugs packaged for daily administration over 4 weeks. Strict treatment supervision and support is emphasized to ensure patient adherence and cure.
The thin-fat phenotype seen in South Asians, especially Indians, may be due to small positive energy balances from lifestyle changes like reduced physical activity and consumption of high-fat, high-sugar foods. This can lead to excess fat accumulation even at a low BMI. Rural to urban migration increases risk as lifestyles transition. The thin-fat phenotype may represent a transitional phase as previously thin individuals gain weight on low muscle frames, rather than a unique genotype. Understanding its causes and interactions with an urbanizing environment is important for addressing metabolic disease risk in these populations.
This document provides guidelines for the management of snakebites in South-East Asia. It covers the epidemiology of snakebites in the region, describing the diverse venomous snake species and the variation in species between countries. Snakebite is a major public health issue, resulting in many deaths and disabilities annually. The document provides guidance on the clinical assessment and treatment of snakebite patients, including first aid, antivenom administration, and supportive care. It aims to equip medical professionals with the knowledge to effectively treat snakebites.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining good hygiene habits like handwashing to prevent the spread of diseases. It notes that germs can spread through direct contact with infected individuals or indirectly through surfaces they've touched. Proper handwashing with soap and water is the most effective way to kill germs and stop their transmission to keep yourself and others healthy.
Psoriatic arthritis is a common inflammatory disease that affects the joints and skin. It develops in up to 30% of patients with psoriasis. The document discusses the clinical features, epidemiology, and burden of psoriatic arthritis. It describes the different subtypes including oligoarticular, polyarticular, distal, arthritis mutilans, and axial subtypes. It also discusses diagnostic criteria, prevalence, disease manifestations including enthesitis and dactylitis, and the psychological and functional burdens on patients. Improved understanding of disease mechanisms has led to more effective targeted therapies.
Managing hep enceph in out ptn settingsarnab ghosh
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) refers to brain dysfunction caused by liver disease and can range from subclinical to coma. Minimal HE (MHE) and grade I HE are now classified as covert HE (CHE) due to difficulty distinguishing without tests. CHE affects 40-84% of cirrhotics and is associated with reduced quality of life, impaired skills, and survival. Treatment of CHE is justified given these consequences. Lactulose, rifaximin, probiotics, and diet modifications can improve CHE symptoms. Specialized tests are needed to diagnose MHE, while CHE screening tools like SIP-CHE can provide rapid assessment.
Hyperasthetic ataxic syn aftr thal infarctarnab ghosh
Three patients presented with acute onset of ataxic hemiparesis, hypesthesia, and paresthesia on the same side of the body, contralateral to a thalamic infarct. MRI showed lacunar infarction in the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus in all patients. The clinical symptoms resolved within 2 months. The article discusses how damage to the dentatorubrothalamic pathway causes ataxia, while initial edema compressing the corticospinal tract explains the brief hemiparesis. Sensory deficits are also attributed to the thalamic lesions.
Human intestinal microbiome in health and diseasesarnab ghosh
This document summarizes research on the human intestinal microbiome. It discusses how culture-independent techniques have revealed the enormous diversity of microbes in the human gut. The gut microbiota plays important roles in immunity, metabolism, and other bodily functions, and imbalances are associated with various diseases. The composition of the gut microbiota changes over a person's lifetime from birth through adulthood and old age due to factors like mode of birth, diet, antibiotic use, and age-related immune changes. Understanding these dynamics may lead to new disease treatments targeting the gut microbiome.
This study analyzed bleeding events among 5,170 patients from the CHANCE trial who received dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel plus aspirin) or aspirin alone for minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. A total of 101 bleeding events occurred, with no significant difference in rates between the treatment groups. However, patients with minor strokes had a higher risk of bleeding than those with transient ischemic attacks. Being elderly, male, and having a history of aspirin or proton pump inhibitor use were associated with greater bleeding risk, while higher body mass index was protective against bleeding.
This document provides an introduction to a review article about the clinical approach to diagnosing movement disorders. It discusses the prevalence of common movement disorders like Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. The key to diagnosis is accurately classifying the type of movement disorder present based on the clinical presentation. This involves defining the dominant abnormal movement as well as any associated neurological or non-neurological features. Once classified, the movement disorder can guide further diagnostic testing and help establish a differential diagnosis. The review will cover approaches to diagnosing akinetic-rigid syndromes and hyperkinetic disorders like tics, chorea, dystonia and tremor.
lesinurad in combination with allopurinol a randomised, double blind, placebo...arnab ghosh
Lesinurad in combination with allopurinol was superior to allopurinol alone in lowering serum uric acid levels in patients with gout and inadequate response to allopurinol. The study randomized 610 patients taking allopurinol to add either lesinurad 200 mg, lesinurad 400 mg, or placebo daily for 12 months. At month 6, significantly more patients achieved the target serum uric acid level of less than 6.0 mg/dL with lesinurad 200 mg (55.4%) and lesinurad 400 mg (66.5%) compared to allopurinol alone (23.3%). The lesinurad 200 mg dose showed a safety profile
This document provides diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), including:
1) Clinical criteria for typical and atypical CIDP with inclusion/exclusion factors.
2) Definite, probable, and possible electrophysiological criteria involving compound muscle action potential tests.
3) Supportive diagnostic criteria including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, MRI findings, nerve conduction studies, and nerve biopsy results.
It also outlines inclusion/exclusion criteria and supportive criteria specifically for diagnosing pure sensory CIDP without motor involvement.
- A young lady presented with headache, fever and gradual loss of vision with other neurological symptoms and was diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis based on investigations. She developed drug-induced liver injury during treatment and her anti-tubercular treatment was modified. She also developed seizures and hydrocephalus requiring VP shunt placement. Her condition is being closely monitored during anti-tubercular treatment and management of complications.
Terrorism & clinical medicine.namal 1arnab ghosh
The document discusses various biological agents that could potentially be used for terrorism purposes. It covers microbial bioterrorism, categories of biological weapons including category A, B and C agents. It then provides more detailed information about specific biological agents like anthrax, plague, smallpox, botulism toxin, tularemia and viral hemorrhagic fevers including their transmission, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.
Snake bites are a major public health issue in India, with the highest mortality rate in the world according to WHO estimates of 83,000 bites and 11,000 deaths annually. There are 216 species of snakes found in India, of which 52 are poisonous. The main poisonous snake families are the elapidae which includes cobras, kraits, and sea snakes; viperidae which includes Russell's vipers, saw-scaled vipers and sand vipers. Snake venom is mostly proteins including enzymes, toxins, and neurotoxins. Clinical effects of snake bites vary and can be categorized into 5 syndromes based on symptoms - local envenoming, bleeding/clotting disturbances, paralysis, renal failure
The document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of sepsis from 2012 and 2016. It outlines key differences between the 2012 and 2016 guidelines. The 2012 guidelines focused on early goal-directed therapy and resuscitation, while the 2016 guidelines emphasize monitoring for sepsis at the hospital level, obtaining cultures before antibiotics, shorter antibiotic durations, conservative fluid strategies, and incorporating palliative care principles earlier through discussions of goals of care. Investigational therapies aimed at modulating the immune response are also discussed.
A 35-year-old female presented with subacute onset right hemiparesis, fever, headache, and seizures over the past three days. Imaging revealed a cerebral venous thrombosis involving the superior sagittal and right sigmoid sinuses. She was treated with anticoagulation and antiepileptic medications.
1. A 25-year-old female presented with a 4-month history of fever, headache, and progressive vision loss. MRI brain showed features of meningoencephalitis. She was diagnosed with tubercular meningitis.
2. She was treated with ATT and steroids. A VP shunt was placed for elevated ICP. She developed ATT-induced hepatitis requiring modification of treatment.
3. On presentation, she had residual dysarthria, difficulty swallowing, and blindness. The plan was to gradually reintroduce ATT and continue physiotherapy.
A 47-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and vomiting for one day. He has a history of significant alcohol consumption. On examination, his abdomen was tender in the epigastric region. Laboratory tests revealed elevated amylase and lipase levels consistent with acute pancreatitis, likely due to alcohol use. A CT scan showed signs of acute necrotizing pancreatitis including pancreatic necrosis, peripancreatic fat stranding, and mild ascites. The patient's history and clinical signs were consistent with acute pancreatitis likely caused by alcohol abuse.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
BBB and BCF
control the entry of compounds into the brain and
regulate brain homeostasis.
restricts access to brain cells of blood–borne compounds and
facilitates nutrients essential for normal metabolism to reach brain cells
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)GeorgeKieling1
Home
Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
cannabis poisoning
1. SATURDAY CLINICAL MEETING
Presented by Sqn Ldr CS Bharath
Resident in Psychiatry
Moderated by Lt Col Amitabh Saha
Asst Prof in Psychiatry
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, AFMC19 Nov 2016
2. PATIENT INTRODUCTION
19 year old son of Officer
Hails from Delhi
Studying BSc Economics at Symbiosis College
Pune
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
3. REASON FOR REFERRAL
Was referred by AMA as he had become
Irritable and aggressive
Had begun to talk excessively and irrelevantly
Believed that someone was tracking his movements
Against the background of stopping cannabis use
6 days ago
Transferred to CH(SC): 27 Oct 2016
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
5. 19/11/2016
Closeness of relationship of the informant to
patient
Informant has no obvious conflict of interest
with patient
Informants presence during the occurrence of
phenomenon
How do you assess reliability of
information?
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
6. How do you assess reliability of
information?
19/11/2016
Status of Insight of patient
Presence of Co-morbid ailments like
Substance use disorders
Antisocial personality disorder
Any legal implications
Impairment in memory may be there:
Confabulation, dissociation
Contd…
Ref: Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP. 9th
Ed 2009. Pg 926
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
7. CHIEF COMPLAINTS
Regular use of cannabis
Disturbed sleep
Overtalkativeness
Irritability
Belief that a family member
was trying to control him and
-his family members through
Facebook and Whatsapp
3 Years
19/11/2016
4 Days
5 Days
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
8. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
19/11/2016
Started smoking cannabis at the age of 16 years,
during 11th
std under peer influence
Initially smoked 2-3 puffs, felt relaxed, light headed,
improved mood, “music sounded better, things started
making sense”
Thereafter, smoked one ‘joint’ once a week with
school friends
After a year, entered BSc Economics in an acclaimed
college in Pune, smoked a ‘joint’ thrice a week
Would reduce his “irritability and tension”
Had made 2-3 attempts to reduce smoking, but had
failed due to irresistible desire
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
10. What is Craving ?
19/11/2016
A strong desire or urge to use the substance
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual, 5th
Edition
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
11. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
19/11/2016
Increased his smoking to 2 joints thrice a week
in the peer group of friends on the basketball
team 1 year ago, introduced the drug to
novices
Performance began to fall, attendance
dropped and he failed in 3 of his eight 2nd
semester subjects 8 months ago
At about the same time began to smoke daily,
5-6 joints.
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
12. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
After losing a basketball match, patient was
dismayed and his level of cannabis intake
increased
‘Graduated’ to “Bong” usage to enhance the
“hit”
After his 3rd
semester exams on 22 Oct 16, quit
smoking suddenly as he was going to visit his
parents in a few days
15. What are the different ways of
consuming Cannabis?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
16. What are the different ways of
consuming Cannabis?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Respiratory route :
Hand rolled cigarettes or “joints”
Readymade “chillums”
Water bongs or pipes or “hookah”
Inhalation of heated “hashish oil” vapours
Oral route :
“Hashish” baked in brownies or cookies
THC dissolved in sesame oil as Gelatin capsules
Cooked in the form of “bhaang”
Dried powder or “Hashish balls” downed with water
17. What are the signs & symptoms of
Cannabis intoxication ?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
18. What are the signs & symptoms of
acute Cannabis Intoxication ?
Physical
Tachycardia
Postural hypotension
Conjunctival injection
Dry mouth
Increased appetite
Cognitive
Suspiciousness or
Paranoid ideation
Impaired judgment
Impaired Attention
Impaired Reaction Time
Affective
Euphoria
Disinhibition
Anxiety
Perceptual
Temporal Slowing
Auditory, Visual or
Tactile Illusions or
Hallucinations
De-personalisation &
De-realisation
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
20. What is Tolerance ?
19/11/2016
Tolerance is defined by either of the following:
Need for markedly increased amounts of the
substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
Markedly diminished effect with continued use or
the same amount of the substance
Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP. 9th
Ed 2009. Pg 928
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
21. Dependence criteria for addiction?
19/11/2016
A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the
substance
Impaired capacity to control substance-taking behaviour in
terms of onset, termination or level of use
Physiological withdrawal state when substance use is
reduced or ceased
Evidence of tolerance to the effects of the substance
Preoccupation with substance use, as manifested by
Giving up important alternative pleasures or interests
Great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain the
substance, take the substance, or recover from its effects
Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of
harmful consequences
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural
disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines.
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
22. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
INSOMNIA
Started the day after stopping cannabis
Insidious onset and progressive in nature
Significant initiation and maintenance difficulty
Spent hours on Whatsapp and Facebook
Slept for 2-3 hours in the whole day since last 05
days
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
23. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
h/o persistent irritability during the day gradually
progressive since last 5 days
Had numerous arguments with classmates over
trivial issues, unlike his usual self
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
25. What are the features of Cannabis
Withdrawal?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
26. What are the features of Cannabis
Withdrawal?
‘Physical Symptoms’
Headache
Chills
Stomach Pain
Sweating
Tremors
Sleep difficulty
(Insomnia or
disturbing dreams)
Decreased appetite or
Weight loss
‘Mental Symptoms’
Depressed mood
Restlessness
Irritability
Anger or Aggression
Craving for Cannabis
Anxiety
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
27. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
19/11/2016
Against the background of increased usage of
Facebook and Whatsapp, began to believe that a
cousin of his was plotting to harm him and his
parents via social media
Unable to describe exactly how he concluded so
Called his father to warn about his nefarious
designs, advised against using mobile phones to
avoid being harmed
The father sensed something was wrong and flew
to Pune immediately
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
28. What is this symptom?
19/11/2016
Made statements like:
“My cousin is tracking my every move, and I am
sure he will harm me and my parents ”
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
30. What is a delusion?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
31. What is a Delusion ?
19/11/2016
Firm or unshakable belief
Held on inadequate grounds
Despite evidence to the contrary
Not in keeping with the person’s educational,
social and cultural background
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Ref: Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP. 9th
Ed 2009
33. SUBSTANCE USE
19/11/2016
h/o recreational use of cigarettes 1-2 times/
months for past 03 years
Drinks 3-4 units of alcohol once in a few
months followed by a period of abstinence
Nondependent on either
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
34. What is a Gateway Drug?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
35. What is a Gateway Drug?
19/11/2016
Less dangerous drug that precedes, and can
lead to, future use of more dangerous hard
drugs
Eg. Tobacco, Cannabis, Alcohol
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
36. NEGATIVE HISTORY
No h/o-
Persistent pervasive low or high mood
Suicidal thoughts/ attempts
No h/s/o perceptual abnormality
No h/o Head injury/ Seizure/ Loss of
consciousness
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
37. PAST HISTORY
No h/o any other medical illness of significance
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
38. FAMILY HISTORY
19/11/2016
Middle Class (Defence) household hailing Delhi
Cordial relation with family members
h/s/o Bipolar Affective disorder in maternal uncle
No h/o any other medical or psychiatric illness in
family
55
19
52
24
55
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
39. PERSONAL HISTORY
DOB: 28 Sep 1997
Uneventful early childhood
Took keen interest in Basketball, football, table tennis
Captained his school basketball team
h/o use of cannabis for 1st
time in 11th
std as described
Was expelled from class and penalised for rolling a
‘joint’ in class
No h/o
Child abuse
Sexual exposure
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
40. PERSONAL HISTORY
19/11/2016
Completed 10th std with 9.0 CGPA
Scored 86.2% in12th
std
Joined 1st
Yr BSc Economics in Pune in
2015
Failed 3 subjects in the 2nd
semester
Occasional use of Alcohol and Tobacco
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
41. PREMORBID HISTORY…
Cheerful Extrovert
Numerous male & female friends, was popular
among his classmates and peers
Keen interest in contact sports
Thrill seeking behaviors
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
43. What is the importance of
evaluating Pre-morbid Personality?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Certain personality traits predispose to
Psychiatric illnesses
Histrionic Personality : Dissociative Disorders
Anti-social Personality : Substance use Disorders
Personality disorders need treatment in their
own right; may be masked by current/ overt
psycho-pathology
45. Summary of history
19/11/2016
19yr old 3rd
semester BSc student
Family h/o BPAD in Maternal uncle
Pre-morbidly an extrovert
With h/o regular increasing Cannabis use over 03
yrs
Had irritable mood, disturbed sleep,
overtalkativeness and delusions of persecution for
last 05 days
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
46. GENERAL EXAMINATION
Ht- 173cm Wt- 60kg BMI – 20 Kg/m2
Pulse- 86/min, Regular, Normal volume
BP- 128/78 mm Hg Right arm supine
No pallor, icterus, cyanosis, lymphadenopathy,
edema, clubbing
No digital tremors/moist palms
No swelling in the front of neck
No needle-tracks
No discoloration of teeth/lips/nails/ palms
No burn marks on fingers
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
47. What signs of Substance use should
one look for in Gen Examination?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
48. What signs of Substance use should
one look for in Gen Examination?
19/11/2016
Hyper-pigmentation of fingers, nails and teeth
Burns and scars on hands, face
Puncture marks for i/v drug use
Skin-popping
Nasal Septal
atrophy
Chronic rhinitis
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Benjamin J. Sadock. Chap: Signs & Symptoms in Psychiatry. Kaplan & Sadock’s
CTP 9th
Ed, 2009
49. SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
CNS –
Cranial Nerves – Normal, Fundoscopy- NAD
Motor system – Normal
Sensory system – Normal
Skull and spine - Normal
Abdomen – Soft, non-tender
CVS - S1S2 heard, no abnormal sounds
Respiratory System – Normal Vesicular Breath
Sounds, no abnormal sounds
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
50. What signs specific to
Substance use should one
look for in Systemic
Examination?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
51. What signs specific to Substance use should
one look for in Systemic Examination?
CNS
Impaired higher mental functions
Dysarthria
Cerebellar signs
CVS
Signs of Endocarditis in i/v drug
users
Roth’s spots
New or changed Cardiac murmurs
Osler’s Nodes
Resp
Signs of COPD in chronic
smokers
Wheeze
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Abdomen
Signs of chronic liver
disease in chronic
alcohol use
Alopecia
Gynaecomastia
Hepatomegaly/Cirrhosi
s
Spider Naevi
Palmar erythema
Testicular Atrophy
19/11/2016
52. MENTAL STATUS
EXAMINATION
Appearance and Behaviour :
Boisterous, irritable
Un-cooperative initially for interview
Did not observe social etiquette
Rapport difficult to establish
Psychomotor activity increased
Speech :
Increased rate, tone and volume
Irrelevant at times
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
53. MENTAL STATUS
EXAMINATION
Mood :
“Tension hai”
Fluctuates during the day
Affect :
Anxious, irritable when thwarted
Increased range and reactivity
Congruent
Thought :
Stream : Normal
Form : No loosening of association
Content : Delusion of persecution
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
54. What is Mood?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Benjamin J. Sadock. Chap: Signs & Symptoms in Psychiatry. Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP 9th
Ed,
2009 Lippincott W& W. Pg 927.
• Predominant, Pervasive and Sustained
emotional feeling tone that is experienced
internally by the patient
55. What are grades of elevated mood?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
56. What are grades of elevated mood?
Euphoria: Exaggerated feeling of well-being
that is inappropriate to apparent
circumstances
Elation: Affective state of joyous gaiety which
is not in keeping with life
circumstances
Exaltation: Feeling of elation together with
grandiose identity/ability
Ecstasy: Feeling of intense rapture or pleasure
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Benjamin J. Sadock. Chap: Signs & Symptoms in Psychiatry.
Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP 9th
Ed, 2009 Lippincott W& W. Pg 239.
58. What is Affect?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Affect is the expression of mood, i.e. what
the patient’s mood appears to the clinician
Benjamin J. Sadock. Chap: Signs & Symptoms in Psychiatry. Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP 9th
Ed,
2009 Lippincott W& W. Pg 927.
60. DISORDERS OF THINKING
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Classification
Disorders of the stream of thought
Disorders of the possession of thought
Disorders of the content of thinking
Disorders of the form of thinking
Fish psychopathology 3rd
edition, pg 46
61. STREAM OF THOUGHT
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Disorders of tempo
Flight of ideas
Inhibition or retardation of thinking
Circumstantiality
Disorders of the continuity of thinking
Perseveration
Thought blocking
Fish psychopathology 3rd
edition , pg 46
63. POSSESSION OF THOUGHT
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Thought alienation - patient has the
experience that their thoughts are under
the control of an outside agency or that
others are participating in their thinking
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal
Thought broadcasting
Fish psychopathology 3rd
edition , pg 46
65. DISORDERS OF FORM OF
THOUGHT ?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Transitory thinking - The grammatical and
syntactical structures are both disturbed in
transitory thinking
Derailment
Substitution
Omissions
Fish psychopathology 3rd
edition pg 47,48
66. DISORDERS OF FORM OF
THOUGHT ?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Derailment – Thought slides on to a
subsidiary thought
Substitution – A major thought is
substituted by a subsidiary
one
Omissions - Intention itself is interrupted
and there is a gapFish psychopathology 3rd
edition pg 47,48
67. DISORDERS OF FORM OF
THOUGHT ?
Drivelling thinking
Desultory thinking
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
68. DISORDERS OF FORM OF
THOUGHT ?
Drivelling thinking – the patient has a
preliminary outline of a complicated thought, but
loses preliminary organisation of the thought, so
that all the constituent parts get muddled
Desultory thinking - speech is grammatically
correct but sudden ideas force their way in from
time to time. continuity is loosened
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
69. MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
19/11/2016
Perception : No perceptual abnormality
Attention : Arousable
Digit Forward score : 4
Concentration : ill-sustained
Distractible; Serial 7 subtraction score: 3
Orientation
Time
Place
Person
Oriented
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
70. MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
19/11/2016
Memory
Immediate -
Recent
Remote
Judgment
Social
Test
Abstract thinking
Proverb interpretation
Similarity test
Intact
Impaired
Impaired
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Impaired
71. MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
19/11/2016
Insight: Absent 1/5
Bio-drives
Sleep : Duration markedly reduced, difficulty
falling asleep
Appetite : markedly reduced
Energy : Normal
Libido : Did not report or exhibit any
increase/decrease in sexual interest/activity
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
73. LEVELS OF INSIGHT
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
Level 1: Complete denial of illness
Level 2: Slight awareness of being sick, but
denying it at the same time
Level 3: Awareness of being sick, but blaming it
on external factors
Level 4: Intellectual Insight – Admission of
illness, recognition that symptoms are
due to irrational feelings or disturbances
Level 5: True emotional insight – Emotional
awareness of feelings and meaning of
symptoms, leads to change in future
behaviour
Benjamin J. Sadock. Chap: Signs & Symptoms in Psychiatry. Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP 9th
Ed, 2009
76. Formulation
19/11/2016
19 yrs old male with
Family history of Bipolar Affective disorder in
maternal uncle
Pre-morbid extrovert
In the background of regular use of Cannabis over
the past 03 years, achieving craving, tolerance,
loss of control and withdrawal symptoms during
this period
Presented with irritability, initial insomnia, delusion
of persecution when he attempted complete
abstinence from cannabis 05 days ago
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
81. How can we differentiate
between a Substance Induced
and a Primary Psychotic
Disorder?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
82. How to differentiate between a Substance
Induced and a Primary Psychotic Disorder?
19/11/2016
Temporal association between substance use
and the onset of of psychotic symptoms
Psychiatric condition prior to the onset of use
of substance
Course of psychotic symptoms in relation with
the course of substance use
Amelioration of psychotic symptoms on
cessation of substance use
Family history suggestive of genetic
predisposition to primary psychotic illness
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
83. What are the medical uses of
Cannabis?
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
84. MEDICAL USES OF CANNABIS
19/11/2016
Glaucoma
Crohn’s Disease and other chronic inflammatory
illnesses
Loss of appetite and weight loss in AIDS
Tourette’s Syndrome
Multiple Sclerosis
Intractable epilepsy assoc with MR in children
Asthma
Chemotherapy induced nausea in treatment of
Cancer
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
86. MANAGEMENT
19/11/2016
Psychotherapy (started later)
Structured milieu
Warmth, emotional support
Motivation Enhancement Therapy - (MET) is a
counseling approach that helps individuals
resolve their ambivalence about engaging in
treatment and stopping their drug use. This
approach aims to evoke rapid and
internally motivated change, rather than guide
the patient stepwise through the recovery
process.
Coping skills training and CBT
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
87. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL
THERAPY
19/11/2016DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY
CBT is a form of psychotherapy that attempts
to modify the interpretations of experiences
that determine feelings and behaviors
The premise of CBT is that cognition can
influence feelings and behaviors
CBT interventions help people to identify and
correct thoughts and misinterpretations of
experiences that are at the root of problematic
behavior
Kaplan & Sadock’s CTP 9th
Ed, 2009
88. AIM OF PRESENTATION
19/11/2016
Appraise about
Manifestations of Cannabis withdrawal
Awareness of features of Cannabis induced
psychosis
Behavioural and social disruption due to
substance use
Management approach
DEPT OF PSYCHIATRY