Immunotherapy, a type of cancer treatment designed to eradicate disseminated cancer by harnessing the potential of the immune system. Immunotherapy agents do not directly attack the tumour but instead mobilize the immune system -this can be achieved through various approaches that utilize adaptive or innate immunity. The main types of immunotherapy can be broadly subdivided into non-antigen-specific and antigen-specific categories. Non-antigen-specific strategies include nonspecific immune stimulation and Immune checkpoint inhibitors, whereas antigen-specific strategies include adoptive cell transfer of autologous cancer-specific T cells and various therapeutic vaccination approaches.
n overview of current immunotherapy therapies used to treat cancer. Also provides MOA of various medications, and updates on SITC guidelines for metastatice melanoma.
Therapeutic prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Interleukins for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BCG for Bladder Cancer.
Vaccination Strategies: Oncolytic virus for melanoma, Dendritic Cell therapy for CA Prostate.
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors. PD1 and PD L1 inhibitors.
Adoptive Cell Therpay. CAR T Cell Therapy
Clinical efficacy. Costs.
This PPT is about immune system and immune therapy, some basic knowledge about Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR technology and its application on tumor therapy.
chimeric antigen receptor, its structure and role in killing tumor cells,mechanism of antitumor killing, car's in clinic,evolution of cars and new chimeric antigen models
n overview of current immunotherapy therapies used to treat cancer. Also provides MOA of various medications, and updates on SITC guidelines for metastatice melanoma.
Therapeutic prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Interleukins for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BCG for Bladder Cancer.
Vaccination Strategies: Oncolytic virus for melanoma, Dendritic Cell therapy for CA Prostate.
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors. PD1 and PD L1 inhibitors.
Adoptive Cell Therpay. CAR T Cell Therapy
Clinical efficacy. Costs.
This PPT is about immune system and immune therapy, some basic knowledge about Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR technology and its application on tumor therapy.
chimeric antigen receptor, its structure and role in killing tumor cells,mechanism of antitumor killing, car's in clinic,evolution of cars and new chimeric antigen models
This presentation is part of MIU CE Pharmacy Program and is designed primarily for pharmacists with the following learning objectives:
1- Explain the mechanisms of action behind immune response to cancer and the application of immunotherapy in cancer treatment
2- Distinguish new and emerging immunotherapy classes and individual agents efficacy, safety to therapy in cancer treatment
3-Strategies to counsel and assist patients to overcome barriers to therapy, including Treatment side effects to improve adherence to therapy
A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
In this presentation, I discuss a new standard of treatment in cancers which is immunotherapy. I also discuss the few cancers for which it has been approved.
A detailed ppt about cancer immunotherapy.
includes:-
Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting
Dentritic cell vaccines
Antibody therapy
Combined therapy
immune blockades
Cytokine therapy
T cell therapy
Include latest research finding about therapy.
This presentation is part of MIU CE Pharmacy Program and is designed primarily for pharmacists with the following learning objectives:
1- Explain the mechanisms of action behind immune response to cancer and the application of immunotherapy in cancer treatment
2- Distinguish new and emerging immunotherapy classes and individual agents efficacy, safety to therapy in cancer treatment
3-Strategies to counsel and assist patients to overcome barriers to therapy, including Treatment side effects to improve adherence to therapy
A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
In this presentation, I discuss a new standard of treatment in cancers which is immunotherapy. I also discuss the few cancers for which it has been approved.
A detailed ppt about cancer immunotherapy.
includes:-
Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting
Dentritic cell vaccines
Antibody therapy
Combined therapy
immune blockades
Cytokine therapy
T cell therapy
Include latest research finding about therapy.
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Types of tumor antigens recognized by T cells
Immune mechanisms of tumor rejection
How tumors evade immune responses?
Novel therapeutic approaches (immunotherapies)
a short presentation about the types of treatments used in cancer therapy, including traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy. also a short talk about side effects and administration of the CTX drugs.
With the passage of time, PROTACs technology has entered an unprecedented stage of development in recent years. Scientists gradually see the absolute advantages of this technology, which can not only transform non-drug target (undruggable) into feasible drug target (druggable) but also resolve the problem of drug resistance of existing targets. In recent years, we have made great efforts to develop the (PROTAC) platform of protein degradation technology to provide research tools for small molecules targeting so-called non-proprietary drugs, in order to better help customers and help customers in the process of new drug research and development. According to the different requirements of customers, BOC Sciences can design, synthesize, optimize PROTAC molecules, establish analytical methods and carry out the biological evaluation.
Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a widely used technology using computational tools and resources for the storage, management, analysis and modeling of compounds. It relies on digital repositories for study of designing compounds with physicochemical characteristics, predicting whether a given molecule will be combined with the target, and if so how strongly. Computer based methods can help us to search new hits in drug discovery, screen many irrelevant compounds at the same time and study the structure-activity relationship of drug molecules.
In fact, many of the drugs available today contain active ingredients extracted from natural products. Since 1994, nearly half of all drugs were discovered using natural products. Furthermore, between 2005 and 2007, there were 13 new drugs based on natural products that entered the commercial market, including the following 5 new products: small molecule ixabepilone, retapamulin, trabectedin, and the peptides exenatide and ziconotide. Clearly, natural product drug discovery programs continue to play a significant role in the clinical development of new therapies in the biopharmaceutical industry.
A simplified definition of autophagy is that it is an exceedingly complex process which degrades modifed, superfluous (surplus), or damaged cellular macromolecules and whole organelles using hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosomes. Autophagy can be defined in more detail as a regulated process of degradation and recycling of cellular constituents participating in organelle turnover, resulting in the bioenergetic management of starvation.
Dna encoded library technology-boc sciencesBOC-Sciences
DNA encoded library (DEL) is a new screening platform commonly used to discover small-molecules that interfere with the activity of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. DNA-encoded chemical libraries are hybrid-type collections of combinatorial organic molecules, individually coupled to distinctive DNA fragments.
The inhibition and function of heat shock protein 90BOC-Sciences
Hsp90, short for heat shock protein 90, is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation of oncogenic signaling proteins. In addition to other molecules involved in cell cycle regulation and immune responses. It supports for the appropriately folding of other proteins, offers help in protein degradation and also stabilizes some proteins needed for tumor growth.
Immunotherapy is treatment that uses certain parts of a person’s immune system to fight diseases such as cancer. The main types of immunotherapy now being used to treat cancer include: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Monoclonal antibodies, Cancer vaccines and Nonspecific immune stimulation.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a very important class of highly potent drugs designed as a targeted therapy for the treatment of people who has cancer. It represents an innovative therapeutic application that includes the unique, high specificity and antitumor activity of monoclonal antibodies which are tumor-specific but not very cytotoxic, with the cell killing activity of small molecule drugs that are too toxic to be used on their own. Scientists could optimize the features of both components by linking monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic agents.
A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are coupled with the aid of a metal catalyst. Now, we talk about several coupling reactions include (not exhaustive): Wurtz reaction, Glaser coupling, Ullmann reaction, Grignard reaction, Heck reaction, Sonogashira coupling, Stille reaction and Suzuki reaction.
Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period. Here, we sort out the recent research of diabetes.
New drugs for treating multiple types of cancers boc sciencesBOC-Sciences
Recently, at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology at the United States in 2017, researchers from multinational reported and exchanged their latest study results, the most noteworthy of which was the development of new drugs for the treatment of multiple types of cancers. Here, we sort out about this.
Recent advances of alzheimer's disease boc sciencesBOC-Sciences
Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. Here, we sort out the recent advences of Alzheimer's Disease.
The Herpes virus family includes 8 different enveloped DNA-containing viruses that only affect human beings. The viruses are known by numbers as human herpes virus 1 through 8.
Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. Systolic pressure indicates the force of the blood in the arteries as the heart beats. Diastolic pressure is the force of blood in the arteries as the heart relaxes. There are several classes of antihypertensive medications including thiazide-type diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, renin inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.
Hypotheses and Research of Alzheimer's disease-BOC SciencesBOC-Sciences
There are numerous hypotheses regarding Alzheimer's disease's pathogenesis including formation and metabolic disorders of amyloid-β, cholinergic hypothesis, abnormal Tau protein phosphorylation, the metal ions hypothesis, the involvement of oxidative stress, and others. There are several important targets under research about Alzheimer's disease. They are β-secretase, γ-secretase, Tau, Amyloid-βand Microtubule/Tubulin. BOC Sciences has directed sincere efforts toward providing customers with high quality small molecule reagents for Alzheimer's disease research.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
3. LOGO
Introduction
Cancer immunotherapy (sometimes called immuno-
oncology) is the artificial stimulation of the immune
system to treat cancer, improving on the system’s
natural ability to fight cancer. Immunotherapy agents
do not directly attack the tumour but instead mobilize
the immune system -this can be achieved through
various approaches that utilize adaptive or innate
immunity.
www.bocsci.com
4. LOGO
Types of Cancer Immunotherapy
Non-antigen-specific
Cancer Immunotherapy
Antigen-specific
www.bocsci.com
nonspecific immune stimulation
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Adoptive cell transfer of autologous cancer-
specific T cells
Various therapeutic vaccination approaches.
5. LOGO
Nonspecific immune
stimulation
Non-antigen-specific
www.bocsci.com
Immune checkpoint
inhibitors
They are proteins in the immune
system that either turn up a
signal or turn down a signal,
Helping keep immune responses
in check and can keep T cells
from killing cancer cells. When
these proteins are blocked, the
“brakes” on the immune system
are released and T cells are able
to kill cancer cells better.
Nonspecificimmune stimulation
can be achieved with agents that
stimulate immune effector cells
such as T cells and APCs (for
example, DCs), or inhibit and/or
deplete immunoregulatory cells
such as TReg cells.
6. LOGO
Adoptive T-cell therapy
www.bocsci.com
Adoptive T cell therapy is a form of passive immunization by the transfusion of
T-cells (adoptive cell transfer). They are found in blood and tissue and usually
activate when they find foreign pathogens.
Cancer specific T-cells can be
obtained by fragmentation and
isolation of tumour infiltrating
lymphocytes, or by genetically
engineering cells from peripheral
blood. The cells are activated and
grown prior to transfusion into the
recipient (tumour bearer).
7. LOGO
Cancer, Immunity, and Adoptive
Cell Therapy
www.bocsci.com
Tumor-specific T cells (green) can recognize over-expressed antigens, neo-antigens derived
from germline mutations, or so-called cancer germline antigens expressed de novo during
carcinogenesis. However, several processes exist to suppress anti-cancer responses. T cell-
intrinsic mechanisms such as loss of functionality and expression of checkpoint proteins
(PD-1, CTLA-4) lead to T cell exhaustion. Tumor-intrinsic mechanisms include secretion of
suppressive factors such as TGF-B, or expression or checkpoint ligands. Furthermore,
tumors recruit suppressive cells such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated
macrophages that further inhibit T cell responses
8. LOGO
How therapeutic cancer vaccines work
www.bocsci.com
Therapeutic cancer vaccines can be designed in a number of ways. For example,
tumour antigens can be administered in combination with a virus or bacteria, which
stimulates the immune system’s antigen-presenting cells-dendritic cells-to pick them
up in vivo.
9. LOGO
FDA-approved antibodies
www.bocsci.com
Antibody Brand name Type Target Approval date Approved treatment(s)
Alemtuzumab Campath humanized CD52 2001
B-cell chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)
Atezolizumab Tecentriq humanized PD-L1 2016 bladder cancer
Avelumab Bavencio human PD-L1 2017
metastatic Merkel cell
carcinoma
Ipilimumab Yervoy human CTLA4 2011 metastatic melanoma
Ofatumumab Arzerra human CD20 2009 refractory CLL
Nivolumab Opdivo human PD-1 2014
unresectable or metastatic
melanoma， squamous non-
small cell lung cancer，
Renal cell carcinoma,
colorectal cancer,
hepatocellular carcinoma,
classical hodgkin lymphoma
Pembrolizumab Keytruda humanized PD-1 2014 metastatic melanoma
Rituximab
Rituxan,
Mabthera
chimeric
CD20
1997 non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Durvalumab Imfinzi human PD-L1 2017
bladder cancer non-small cell
lung cancer
Cancer immunotherapy: Monoclonal antibodies
10. LOGO
Immunotherapy by Cancer Type
Brain CancerBladder Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Esophageal Cancer
Leukemia
Pancreatic Cancer
Breast Cancer
Childhood Cancer Colorectal Cancer
Kidney CancerHead and Neck Cancer
Lung CancerLiver Cancer
Multiple Myeloma
Prostate Cancer
Melanoma
Ovarian Cancer
Lymphoma
SarcomaStomach Cancer
www.bocsci.com
