In this webinar:
Dr. Michele Ardolino, Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and Scientist Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, discusses: The body has a phenomenal weapon to fight infections and cancer: the immune system. This seminar focuses on how the immune system recognizes and shapes cancer and on how research in tumor immunology led to the development of life-saving and revolutionizing immuno-therapies.
The webinar is followed by a question & answer session.
View the video:
https://youtu.be/-a7DfHT8dU8
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A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
chimeric antigen receptor, its structure and role in killing tumor cells,mechanism of antitumor killing, car's in clinic,evolution of cars and new chimeric antigen models
A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
chimeric antigen receptor, its structure and role in killing tumor cells,mechanism of antitumor killing, car's in clinic,evolution of cars and new chimeric antigen models
n overview of current immunotherapy therapies used to treat cancer. Also provides MOA of various medications, and updates on SITC guidelines for metastatice melanoma.
This PPT is about immune system and immune therapy, some basic knowledge about Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR technology and its application on tumor therapy.
A detailed ppt about cancer immunotherapy.
includes:-
Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting
Dentritic cell vaccines
Antibody therapy
Combined therapy
immune blockades
Cytokine therapy
T cell therapy
Include latest research finding about therapy.
Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care
Review a downloadable slide deck by Thomas F. Gajewski, MD, PhD, covering the most clinically relevant new data reported from Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care.
Target Audience
This activity is designed to meet the educational needs of oncologists and other healthcare professionals involved in cancer care.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt) | File size: 26.2 MB | Date posted: 6/20/2012
Slide Deck Disclaimer
This slide deck in its original and unaltered format is for educational purposes and is current as of June 2012. All materials contained herein reflect the views of the faculty, and not those of IMER, the CE provider, or the commercial supporter. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and off-label uses of approved products. Readers should not rely on this information as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The use of any information provided is solely at your own risk, and readers should verify the prescribing information and all data before treating patients or employing any therapeutic products described in this educational activity.
Usage Rights
This slide deck is provided for educational purposes and individual slides may be used for personal, non-commercial presentations only if the content and references remain unchanged. No part of this slide deck may be published in print or electronically as a promotional or certified educational activity without prior written permission from IMER. Additional terms may apply. See Terms of Service on IMERonline.com for details.
Therapeutic prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Interleukins for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BCG for Bladder Cancer.
Vaccination Strategies: Oncolytic virus for melanoma, Dendritic Cell therapy for CA Prostate.
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors. PD1 and PD L1 inhibitors.
Adoptive Cell Therpay. CAR T Cell Therapy
Clinical efficacy. Costs.
The presentation outlines aspects of immunity against cancer, evasion strategies by cells, immunotherapy in cancer, cancer vaccines etc. Download and view the slideshow for better experience.
Prepared in Sept 2014
n overview of current immunotherapy therapies used to treat cancer. Also provides MOA of various medications, and updates on SITC guidelines for metastatice melanoma.
This PPT is about immune system and immune therapy, some basic knowledge about Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR technology and its application on tumor therapy.
A detailed ppt about cancer immunotherapy.
includes:-
Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting
Dentritic cell vaccines
Antibody therapy
Combined therapy
immune blockades
Cytokine therapy
T cell therapy
Include latest research finding about therapy.
Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care
Review a downloadable slide deck by Thomas F. Gajewski, MD, PhD, covering the most clinically relevant new data reported from Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care.
Target Audience
This activity is designed to meet the educational needs of oncologists and other healthcare professionals involved in cancer care.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt) | File size: 26.2 MB | Date posted: 6/20/2012
Slide Deck Disclaimer
This slide deck in its original and unaltered format is for educational purposes and is current as of June 2012. All materials contained herein reflect the views of the faculty, and not those of IMER, the CE provider, or the commercial supporter. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and off-label uses of approved products. Readers should not rely on this information as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The use of any information provided is solely at your own risk, and readers should verify the prescribing information and all data before treating patients or employing any therapeutic products described in this educational activity.
Usage Rights
This slide deck is provided for educational purposes and individual slides may be used for personal, non-commercial presentations only if the content and references remain unchanged. No part of this slide deck may be published in print or electronically as a promotional or certified educational activity without prior written permission from IMER. Additional terms may apply. See Terms of Service on IMERonline.com for details.
Therapeutic prospects in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Interleukins for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BCG for Bladder Cancer.
Vaccination Strategies: Oncolytic virus for melanoma, Dendritic Cell therapy for CA Prostate.
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors. PD1 and PD L1 inhibitors.
Adoptive Cell Therpay. CAR T Cell Therapy
Clinical efficacy. Costs.
The presentation outlines aspects of immunity against cancer, evasion strategies by cells, immunotherapy in cancer, cancer vaccines etc. Download and view the slideshow for better experience.
Prepared in Sept 2014
What is immunology?
What is Tumor?
Types of tumor
Classification of Malignant tumors
Malignant transformation of cells
General features of Tumor immunity
Tumor antigens
Tumor specific antigen
Tumor associated antigens
Immune response to tumor
Evasion of immune response by tumor
Cancer Immunosurveillance versus Immunoediting
Immunotechniques
RIA
ELISA
The immune system involves collection of cells that protect the body from microbes and bacteria and hence tries to protect the body from diseases. Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are the two divisions in which the defense of the body against microbes works. Cancer immunotherapy refers to a biological therapy that tries to suppress or stimulate the immune system of an individual with the help of substances such that the body becomes capable of fighting cancer, and other infections or diseases. This literature reviewaimed to review many aspects regarding immune therapy regarding breast cancer.
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases and up until now. One of the most challenging things about cancer treatment is not the cure itself but the differentiation between the tumor cells and the normal cells. Most of the medical treatments of the cancer today cannot differentiate between the cancer cells and the normal one as well as it damages the hall tissue and it is still considered as a low-effect treatment to be applied in cancer. One of the most popular treatments of this kind is chemotherapy which is known for damaging the hall cells, cancer, and normal ones. Our research is focusing on generating a new therapy that can target the cancer cell itself so it will give us more efficiency ratio to stop cancer and will keep the other cells without any damage. We will use an antibody body for the protein antigen ErbB-2 which is located rabidly in the lung cancer cells' membrane surface. These antibodies will be produced by the immune system so it will target the tumor cells especially and stop the cell growth and damage it in some cases.
About the Webinar: Michelle Colero, Executive Director of Bladder Cancer Canada, will cover the essentials of bladder cancer facts and symptoms while also outlining the support and educational resources provided by Bladder Cancer Canada for those dealing with a diagnosis. Additionally, she’ll share ways individuals can contribute to raising awareness and supporting our community.
About the Webinar: Alcohol is classified as a Group one carcinogen and is estimated to be one of the top three causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Yet, over 40 per cent of people in Canada remain unaware that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing at least nine cancers. In this presentation, we’ll look at what is and isn’t known about the relationship between alcohol and cancer. We’ll explore what the Canadian Cancer Society is doing to raise awareness of alcohol as a modifiable cancer risk factor, its commitment to funding world-leading research on this subject, and its advocacy for stronger policies that reduce, and increase awareness about the risk of cancer related to, alcohol consumption. Attendees will be invited to seek more information and/or take action on this important topic. We hope you’ll join us in learning more about cancer risk and alcohol — the most commonly used psychoactive substance in Canada.
Dr. Rob Rutledge returns for his first webinar of 2024 to discuss the basics behind emotional intelligence. Learn how to develop greater emotional awareness, and learn how to settle fear and frustration. Dr. Rutledge will also share tips on how to live in a more peaceful and connected way as you navigate through your cancer journey.
About the Webinar: Health technology assessment (HTA), the approval process for drugs and healthcare technology, the processes and organizations that support them, such as Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), have evolved over the years in response to changing healthcare system priorities and the need to establish their legitimacy. Don Husereau will provide an overview of current processes in Canada, and highlight their perceived (and real) shortcomings and what can be done to overcome these. He will highlight that some perceived weaknesses (such as review times) are not as bad as they appear while perceived strengths (such as stakeholder involvement) need considerable improvement. He will also discuss other opportunities for HTA to innovate and whether there are current plans to address these.
About this Webinar: The time between regulatory approval for new drugs and when drugs became publicly available to patients averaged 736 days (25 months) in 2022. This is double the average time reported in comparable Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) countries. This webinar will highlight variations in drug listing time for new drugs across time, provinces, and type of drugs (oncology vs. non-oncology). It will also present the specific phases involved in moving a drug from approval stage to listing, and the time spent in each. This Conference Board of Canada analysis uses IQVIA’s Market Access Metrics Database (2012 to 2023), which tracks all new products and their indications through the Canadian access journey.
About the Webinar: Learn about pancreatic cancer symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, statistics, supports and barriers. The presentation will also include some helpful tools that can improve quality of life for those with pancreatic cancer, including the Craig's Cause's PERT (Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy) calculator and available patient support programs.
As referenced by John Adams in his 2024 CCSN Webinar on the US importing drugs from Canada, this is a slide deck from Health Canada which outlines the timetable and actions taken by the government on this particular issue.
About this Webinar: John Adams takes a dive behind the headlines, news stories and media releases to better understand any real threats to Canadian patients getting the prescription drugs they need.
About this Webinar: We know that methods of eating and diet are a large part of cancer care, but how can you make your diet work for you in your cancer journey? Dr. Rob Rutelege is back to present the latest science around healthy eating and cancer care. In addition, Dr. Rutledge will share the benefits of time-restricted eating, and how you can incorporate it into your daily routine.
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Canada, with approximately 24,100 Canadians diagnosed with the disease in 2023. The incidence of colorectal cancer has been declining in Canadians over 50 years of age, largely due to population-based screening programs. Recent evidence has shown, however, that rates have been increasing in adults younger than 50 years. Given that younger adults are typically classified as at low risk for colorectal cancer, this epidemiologic shift is cause for concern.
Individuals under the age of 50 now represent a significant number of colorectal cancer cases. The disease is often being diagnosed at a later stage, and tumour characteristics tend to be more lethal. As for what is accounting for the increasing trend, ongoing research efforts focus on environmental toxicities, lifestyle patterns, and the gut microbiome.
In this webinar, we will present an overview of the current evidence surrounding the rising rates of colorectal cancer in young adults and discuss the unique needs of this patient population, through screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. A young colorectal cancer patient will share his lived experience in managing this disease and the impact that cancer has had on himself and his family.
About this Talk: This talk will provide a nutritional perspective on the role of diet in cancer focusing on healthy fats known as omega-3 fatty acids. Sources, amounts and types of omega-3 fatty acids will be highlighted. Clinical and experimental evidence in support of a role for omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer will be presented. Lastly, some practical strategies to support a healthy diet will be shared.
About the Webinar: Genomic testing has already become commonplace in oncology, but exponential growth in more comprehensive genomic tests, other innovative tests and testing approaches in oncology, as well as a number of other therapeutic areas is expected in the coming years. With the emergence of more complex, more expensive, and more promising tests, policymakers and healthcare providers may be challenged to provide these to patients at the pace of innovation. Don Husereau will describe what conditions are necessary for equitable access to advanced innovative testing, how major Canadian provinces are doing, and what more needs to be done in the coming years to benefit all patients.
About this Webinar: This talk will explore breast screening for women 40-49. The benefits and harms for screening will be discussed, as well as what is unique about breast cancer in women in their 40s. In order to understand the controversy around current guidelines recommending against screening women 40-49, we will review the evidence upon which these guidelines are based, and their impact on breast cancer outcomes for these women.
About this Webinar: This presentation will discuss the pathway to pharmaceutical treatments in Canada that involve health technology assessment reviews and decision making. Observations on the current challenges and the importance of patient input to inform decision making will also be discussed. Finally, the key elements that can be critical to successful outcomes will be presented.
About this Webinar: When Canadians turn on the tap for a drink of water or a shower, we take for granted that the water is safe. Few are aware that old asbestos cement water pipes still deliver water to millions of people. As these pipes age and deteriorate, asbestos erodes into the water and poses health concerns, including cancer.
Dr. Meg Sears, Chair of the Board of Prevent Cancer Now, and board member Julian Branch will talk about the history of asbestos in water, the science behind ingested asbestos, and recent developments.
André Deschamps will show the results of the Europa UOMO Euproms studies. These are the first studies ever from patients for patients, measuring the burden of treatment. More than 5000 patients have shared with us their experiences after treatment. The data has been analyzed by the university of Rotterdam in the Netherlands and has been published in peer reviewed scientific papers.
This webinar will serve as an introduction to Cancer and Work, a website that “was designed to address the unique needs of cancer survivors with returning, remaining, changing work or looking for work after a diagnosis of cancer. The website provides newly created information, resources, and interactive tools for cancer survivors, healthcare providers, employers, and highlights helpful information from across the globe.” The talk will include 10 steps to return to work, and job search ideas for cancer survivors
This webinar will have two perspectives.
Jasveen will be presenting about the impact of cancer and treatment on a person’s physical, cognitive & mental health and how an Occupational therapist can work with the person to gradually overcome these challenges to return to work with or without modifications. The presentation will cover some case studies of past success with the opportunity to answer questions at the end.
Then we will hear from Jen who has experienced her own journey with breast cancer and how she advocated for herself and occupational therapy to help her return to full time employment.
About this Webinar: we’ll summarize the findings of a 10-minute online study conducted by Leger among cancer patients who experienced Long-COVID. We identified 119 cancer patients, diagnosed within the past 10 years, who developed symptoms or were diagnosed with Long-COVID. We primarily wanted to understand how Long-COVID impacted cancer patients and their ability to receive treatment. We also asked about the effect on their overall wellbeing, their ability to access Long-COVID treatments and assistance, and the ongoing impact to this day.
About this Presenter: Colette Faust is a Research Director at Leger (largest Canadian-owned market research company) and has 10 years of market research experience, spending the last 3 years in the healthcare industry. As a member of Leger’s North American Healthcare team, Colette has worked on both quantitative and qualitative healthcare research among healthcare professionals, patients, and the general population across a variety of topics including oncology. Colette received her B.A. in Psychology and Media & Communications from Muhlenberg College in Allentown, PA.
Various cancer treatments can impact one’s gut health and digestive system. This presentation will discuss why a healthy gut is important to overall health. We will talk about the roles the gut is involved in beyond just digestion. We will also discuss nutrition strategies that will support our gut health and promote a healthy microbiome.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. Michele Ardolino
Scientist, OHRI
Ass. Prof., University of Ottawa
Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
May, 2nd 2019
Tumor immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy
@QFKC
@ArdolinoLab
@OttawaHospital
@uOttawaBMI
@ArdolinoLab
2. Outline
Cancer and the Immune System
The Immunotherapy Revolution
Conclusions
The Hallmarks of Cancer
The Immune System
Cancer Immunoediting
Taking off the breaks
Educating the immune response
A little help from…. a foe
Where are we at and where are we going?
6. Cellular transformation is a multistep process
Normal cells become cancer cells after a process of
CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION
Oncogenes: genes that make cells replicate without control
Non functional tumor suppressor genes: genes that should
suppress tumor growth but do not work anymore
Cancer
Kotecha, et al., Oncotarget, 2016
http://beatricebiologist.tumblr.com/post/100165993576/cancer-gene
7. Several agents promote cellular transformation
Cancer
Hyndman, Cancer Microenvironment, 2016
9. Cancer and the immune system
What makes cancer a cancer?
The HALLMARKS of cancer from 2000
Hanahan D. and Weinberg R.A.
Cell, 2011
10. no immunologyHanahan D. and Weinberg R.A.
Cell, 2011
Cancer and the immune system
What makes cancer a cancer?
The HALLMARKS of cancer from 2000
11. What makes cancer a cancer?
The HALLMARKS of cancer from 2000 to 2011
Hanahan D. and Weinberg R.A.
Cell, 2011
Cancer and the immune system
12. Hanahan D. and Weinberg R.A.
Cell, 2011
Ability of escaping the
immune response is
now recognized as an
hallmark of cancer
What makes cancer a cancer?
The HALLMARKS of cancer from 2000 to 2011
Cancer and the immune system
14. Cancer and the immune system
https://www.stemcellimmuneregenerative.com/what-is-the-immune-system
15. Cancer and the immune system
Insult
Sensing
Response
Communication
All cells in the body communicate with
immune cells.
Immune cells patrol the body and are
continuously exposed to
environmental clues.
If something is wrong, the immune
cells can detect it.
Cancer cells acquire aberrant features
that can be recognized by many
immune cells that then react!
16. Cancer and the immune system
Great cytotoxic capacity
Kill dangerous cells
Probe the target cells to detect signs of abnormalities
T and NK cells
17. T and NK cells do not kill healthy cells
T/NK
Healthy
cell
spared
by
T and NK cells
Cancer and the immune system
18. Tumor cell
T and NK cells specifically kill dangerous cells
T/NK
Killed
by
T and NK cells
+
Healthy cell
Cancer and the immune system
19. NK cell
Tumor cell
T cells, NK cells and other immune cells are often present
in human and mouse tumors
T cell
B cell
????
Why don’t they kill tumor cells?
Cancer and the immune system
21. Outline
Cancer and the Immune System
The Immunotherapy Revolution
Conclusions
The Hallmarks of Cancer
The Immune System
Cancer Immunoediting
Taking off the breaks
Educating the immune response
A little help from…. a foe
Where are we at and where are we going?
22. Can we use the Immune System to fight cancer?
IMMUNE SYSTEM
23. Many cancer types
Cancer is not a disease: it is a COLLECTION of diseases
Cancer Immunotherapy
As such, there is no ONE FITS FOR ALL solution
Immunotherapy can provide the ultimate personalized therapy by harnessing the patient
own’s immune system against cancer
24.
25.
26. Cancer cell
Cancer Immunotherapy
“Traditional” cancer treatments (chemo and radiotherapy) activate the immune system
Cancer cell
Cancer cell
Cancer cell
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
DC
CTL
!!!!!!
?????
Well done
mate
31. Cancer Vaccines
Vaccines are the “go-to” strategy for immunologists
The idea is to elicit a strong immune response against tumors
Problem: for pathogens, vaccines are PROPHYLACTIC not THERAPEUTIC
32. Cancer Vaccines
Vaccines are the “go-to” strategy for immunologists
The idea is to elicit a strong immune response against tumors
Problem: for pathogens, vaccines are PROPHYLACTIC not THERAPEUTIC
Prevent cancer to form in the first place
e.g.: HPV vaccine prevents cervical
cancer
33. Cancer Vaccines
Vaccines are the “go-to” strategy for immunologists
The idea is to elicit a strong immune response against tumors
Problem: for pathogens, vaccines are PROPHYLACTIC not THERAPEUTIC
Prevent cancer to form in the first place
e.g.: HPV vaccine prevents cervical
cancer
Cure cancer in patients: harder to
achieve because the tumor is already
there!
36. Cellular Therapy
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Adoptive cellular therapy is based on the idea that T cells are capable of fighting tumors
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
T cells with
different
specificity
Expand T cells
specific for the
tumor
Re-infuse
tumor specific
T cells into the
patient
37. T cell transfer works!
Cellular Therapy
Zacharakis N. et al, Nat Med., 2018
Before therapy 22 months after therapy
Tumor
38. Cellular Therapy
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Adoptive cellular therapy is based on the idea that T cells are capable of fighting tumors
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
T cells with
different
specificity
What if there
was a way to
make all the T
cells reactive
against
cancer?
39. CAR T cells: engineering T cells to fight cancer
Cellular Therapy
June et al.
Science 2018CARs MAKE ALL T CELLS REACTIVE AGAINST TUMOR CELLS
40. Cellular Therapy
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Adoptive cellular therapy is based on the idea that T cells are capable of fighting tumors
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Instagram: whiteheadfdn
http://emilywhiteheadfoundation.org/
42. Antibodies are Y-shaped molecules
produced by B cells.
Antibodies bind with high specificity to
their antigen.
Antigens are usually microbial products,
but in the lab we can produce antibodies
that bind to molecules present in the
body for therapeutic purposes.
Antibodies
https://www.labce.com/spg813210_antigenantibody_interaction.aspx
43. Antibodies are Y-shaped molecules
produced by B cells.
Antibodies bind with high specificity to
their antigen.
Antigens are usually microbial products,
but in the lab we can produce antibodies
that bind to molecules present in the
body for therapeutic purposes.
Antibodies
https://www.labce.com/spg813210_antigenantibody_interaction.aspx
For example: we can use antibodies that
activate immune cells against cancer by
TAKING OFF THE IMMUNOLOGICAL BREAKS
44. Inhibitory receptors regulate immune cell activation
Antibodies
The activation of immune cells,
including T cells, is regulated by
POSITIVE and NEGATIVE signals.
This balance is important to
prevent auto-immunity…
… but tumors often exploit the
NEGATIVE signals provided by the
INHIBITORY CHECKPOINT
RECEPTORS to escape the
immune response.
45. Antibodies
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Checkpoint blockade removes the break from the immune system
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
T cells and
NK cells kill
tumor cells
Antibodies blocking checkpoint
receptors re-activate immune
cells against cancer
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
T cells and
NK cells are
inhibited by
checkpoint
receptors
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca
46. Taking off the breaks from the immune system has a therapeutic effect!
Hodi F.S. et al.,
New Engl. J. Med. 2010
Ipilimumab
Antibodies
Topalian S. L. et al.,
New Engl. J. Med. 2012
Tumor
49. Oncolytic Viruses
Let’s give cancer a cold…
…a made in Ottawa story
Dr. John Bell
OHRI/uOttawa
Oncolytic Virus pioneer
50. Oncolytic Viruses
Adapted from Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Antiviral responses are extremely complex
and require many molecular components.
Cancer cells often accumulate mutations that
alter these pathways and make tumor cells
more sensitive to viral infection.
51. Oncolytic Viruses
Let’s give cancer a cold…
HEALTHY CELLS ELIMINATE THE VIRUS
CANCER CELLS CANNOT
ELIMINATE THE VIRUS BY KILLING THE TUMOR,
THE VIRUS ALSO
STIMULATES THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
52. Oncolytic viruses in the clinic
Before
After
Parker et al., 2008, Lancet Oncology
Oncolytic Viruses
53. Outline
Cancer and the Immune System
The Immunotherapy Revolution
Conclusions
The Hallmarks of Cancer
The Immune System
Cancer Immunoediting
Taking off the breaks
Educating the immune response
A little help from…. a foe
Where are we at and where are we going?
55. Conclusions
Immunotherapy revolutionized the clinical approach to cancer and provided hope to patients
with previously incurable diseases
HOWEVER
Therapy does not work or last in many patients: what can we do to improve the
response?
There are many immunotherapies available: how do we choose what is the best therapy
for every patient?
Safety is an issue for some immunotherapies: how do we reduce toxicity without
compromising efficacy?
56. Conclusions
Immunotherapy revolutionized the clinical approach to cancer and provided hope to patients
with previously incurable diseases
HOWEVER
Therapy is not efficacious or durable in many patients: what can we do to improve the
response?
There are many immunotherapies available: how do we choose what is the best therapy
for every patient?
Safety is an issue for some immunotherapies: how do we alleviate toxicity without
compromising efficacy?
RESEARCH IS THE ANSWER
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Many thanks:
lab
Honorary member
Karen Jardine
Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
Surgical Equipe
Carolyn Nessim
James Villeneuve
Stephanie Johnson-Obaseki
Rebecca Auer
Joan Sealy Trust
Lab members
Cynthia Chan
Denis Qeska
Jonathan Hodgins
Lysanne Desharnais
Maria Park
Serena Cortés-Kaplan
Shaad Hasim