The document discusses Ms. Sujata Desai, Ms. Sarita Kumari, and Ms. Shiney Sam and provides information on the anatomy, epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, staging, treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and palliative care, and complications of esophageal cancer. It also describes the classification, spread, prevention and screening recommendations for esophageal cancer.
Cancer of Stomach - Easy explanation for Nurses- Swatilekha Das
Cancer of Stomach- Easy explanation for Nurses-
Introduction of Cancer of Stomach
risk factors of Cancer of Stomach
Clinical manifestations of Cancer of Stomach
Assessment & Diagnostic tests of Cancer of Stomach
Management of Cancer of Stomach
Surgical management
Chemotherapy & radiation therapy
Nursing Management
nursing Management
Cancer is a life-threatening disease. 80% to 90% of all cancers are the result of the things we do to ourselves. Among women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer.
Cancer of Stomach - Easy explanation for Nurses- Swatilekha Das
Cancer of Stomach- Easy explanation for Nurses-
Introduction of Cancer of Stomach
risk factors of Cancer of Stomach
Clinical manifestations of Cancer of Stomach
Assessment & Diagnostic tests of Cancer of Stomach
Management of Cancer of Stomach
Surgical management
Chemotherapy & radiation therapy
Nursing Management
nursing Management
Cancer is a life-threatening disease. 80% to 90% of all cancers are the result of the things we do to ourselves. Among women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus. This lining is called the endometrium.
According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 3 in 100 women will be diagnosed with uterine cancer at some point in their lives. More than 80 percent of people with uterine cancer survive for five years or longer after receiving the diagnosis.
If you have endometrial cancer, early diagnosis and treatment increases your chances of remission.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Cancer of liver usually results from metastasis from a primary cancer at a distant location.
The liver is likely area of involvement i.e. cancer originated in the esophagus, lungs ,breast, stomach, colon, pancreas, kidney, bladder etc.Hepatic tumor may be malignant or benign.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus. This lining is called the endometrium.
According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 3 in 100 women will be diagnosed with uterine cancer at some point in their lives. More than 80 percent of people with uterine cancer survive for five years or longer after receiving the diagnosis.
If you have endometrial cancer, early diagnosis and treatment increases your chances of remission.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Cancer of liver usually results from metastasis from a primary cancer at a distant location.
The liver is likely area of involvement i.e. cancer originated in the esophagus, lungs ,breast, stomach, colon, pancreas, kidney, bladder etc.Hepatic tumor may be malignant or benign.
Carcinoma esophagus is a lethal disease and carries poor prognosis.The diagnosis is usually delayed and over all 5yrs survival is less than 15% In this presentation I have discussed carcinoma esophagus - its pathology, clinical features, investigations and treatment in nutshell
ARTFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION MODELING IN OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS AFTER COMPLETE ESOPHAGECTOMIES
Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the tissue lining the esophagus—the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach—is replaced by tissue that is similar to the lining of the intestine. This process is called intestinal metaplasia.
No signs or symptoms are associated with Barrett's esophagus, but it is commonly found in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A small number of people with Barrett's esophagus develop a rare but often deadly type of cancer of the esophagus.
Barrett's esophagus affects about 1 percent1 of adults in the United States. The average age at diagnosis is 50, but determining when the problem started is usually difficult. Men develop Barrett's esophagus twice as often as women, and Caucasian men are affected more frequently than men of other races. Barrett's esophagus is uncommon in children.
The EsophagusThe esophagus carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach slowly pumps the food and liquids into the intestine, which then absorbs needed nutrients. This process is automatic and people are usually not aware of it. People sometimes feel their esophagus when they swallow something too large, try to eat too quickly, or drink very hot or cold liquids.
Digestive tract.
The muscular layers of the esophagus are normally pinched together at both the upper and lower ends by muscles called sphincters. When a person swallows, the sphincters relax to allow food or drink to pass from the mouth into the stomach. The muscles then close rapidly to prevent the food or drink from leaking out of the stomach back into the esophagus and mouth.
NIDDK
esophageal carcinoma is one of the common gastrointestinal malignancy. Its usually present at advanced stage. Its management requires diagnosis as early as possible and staging followed by proper planning of treatment. Its treatment include endoscopic, surgical, adjuvant chemotherapy and palliative management.
Adrenal Gland and its Disorders with surgical management.Manish Shetty
Short and brief description of adrenal gland and its disorder.
it involves the basic anatomy, physiology and metabolism of adrenal hormones.
.Adrenal gland tumor like adrenal cortical tumor phaechromocytoma, incidentalaoma are mentioned in this PPT.
it explains the clinical symptoms, investigation and desired management of adrenal gland disorders.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
14. Epidemiology
Country Incidence Link
US 6 cases/100,000 men/year (Black>white).
China (HenanProvince) 0.9% in the population Nitrosamine in the soil and
older than 30 years of age contamination of foods by fungi
(Geotrichum candidum) and yeast,
which produce mutagens
India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka 9000 cases/year in 6 Chewing tobacco , smoking
cancer registry
Singapore Hot beverages, Chinese tobacco and
wine
South African Bantus and Zulus Nitrosamine in the soil and
contamination of food by
molds, especially the Fusarium species
Normandy, Brittany Alcohol and smoking
15. Incidence
Squamous Adeno
New cases per year 16980 12450
Male-to-female ratio 3:1 7:1
Black-to-white ratio 6:1 1:4
Most common locations middle distal
Major risk factors smoking Barrett’s
alcohol esophagus
In TMH 1200 pts /year
2nd most common in men
4th most common in female
M0re than 180 Sx /yr
17. • Dietary factors
• *N-nitroso compounds (animal carcinogens)
*Pickled vegetables and other food-products
*Toxin-producing fungi
*Betel nut chewing
*Ingestion of very hot foods and beverages
(such as tea)
• Obesity
• Work place exposure
40. Classification
morphological histological
Type I : polypoid
Squamous carcinoma
Type ll: ulcerated
Adenocarcinoma
Type lll: infiltrating
ulcerated
Mixed adenosquamous
Type lV :diffuse
undifferentiated
Small cell carcinoma
41. Squamous cell carcinoma
a) Upper thirds of esophagus-20%
b) Middle thirds of esophagus-50%
c) Lower thirds of esophagus-30%
46. Surgery
• 1877- Czerny first surgeon to successfully resect a cervical esophageal
cancer
• Initially the anastomosis was done by bringing out the ends subcutaneously
with external plastic tubes, skin tubes and flaps
• 1933- Ohsawa first stomach reconstruction
• 1946- Ivor Lewis two staged approach (rt thoracotomy and separate
laparotomy)
• 1976- Mc Keown 3 stage operation
• 1982 & 1994 vagus nerve preservation
• 1997 – laparoscopic total esophagectomy
53. Operable tumors
1) Tumors below the carina (tracheal
bifurcation)
Ivor Lewis operation
(2 phases )
1st phase :laparotomy & mobilization of
stomach.
2nd phase Rt thoracotomy through the 5th
intercostal space resection of the tumor .LNs
and 10cm of the oesophagus above the tumor &
GE anastomosis.
54.
55. Tumors above the carina
Mc Keown operation (3 phases )
1st phase :laparotomy & mobilization of
stomach
2nd phase Rt thoracotomy through the
5th intercostal space :esophageal
mobilization
3rd phase: neck incision : the
oesophagus & stomach are delivered to the
neck where resection is done and
anastomosis of the stomach & cervical
oesophagus is carried out.
58. 3) Tumors below the diaphragm (1
phase)
•
lt thracoabdominal
incision: the stomach
& lower oesophagus
are removed with
• Roux-en-Y
esophagojujenostomy
• .
59. • Other options
Transhiatal
esophagectomy
Thoracotomy is
avoided by mobilizing
the oesophagus from
the abdomen via the
diaphragmatic hiatus
and via the neck
incision
60. 3 field lymph node dissection
• Field I: abdominal field
• Field II:
Paraesophageal, parabronc
hial, apical nodes, recurrent
nodes, paratracheal
• Field III: Cervical
paraesophageal, supraclavi
cular
64. Chemotherapy
• Neoadjuvant
• Two 4-day cycles,
• 3 weeks apart
• Cisplatin 80 mg/m2 by infusion over 4 h
• fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 daily by continuous
infusion for 4 days. (MRC protocol)
• Surgery performed two to four weeks after
chemotherapy
65. Radiation therapy
EBRT alone
64.8Gy / 33 - 36 fractions
External beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy
EBRT
• Dose : 60 Gy / 28 fractions with reducing fields.
ILRT Boost : 5 - 8Gy / 2-3 fractions (HDR), one
week apart or single fraction 20Gy low dose rate
(LDR).
67. Concomitant chemo radiation
• 50Gy / 25 fractions over 5 weeks,
• Cisplatin 75 mg/m2IV Day 1 of weeks
1, 5, 8, and 11,
• Fluorouracil, 1g/m2 per day by continuous
infusion day1 – day 4
week 1, 5, 8, and 11. (RTOG regimen)
69. Palliative treatment
• Inoperable Tumors ( 60% of the patients)
* Local spread( e.g tracheoesophageal fistula,)
* Distant spread
• * Bad general condition
• Options:-
– Endoscopic Laser
to core a channel through the tumor
70. Intubations
–
• Self expanding metal
stents
• Traction stents e.g.
Celestine stent
• Pulsion stents e.g.
Soutter’ tube
72. – Radiotherapy for squamous cell ca
– Dose : 3000cGy /10 fractions /2 weeks
– Reduced field / boost : 2000cGy/10# / 2 weeks
– ILRT alone or in combination with EBRT.
– 5 - 8Gy/# in 2- 3 fractions, one week apart
– Chemotherapy :5 FU + Cisplatin
– 5Fu 1000mg/m2/day continuous IV infusion on day1-
5Cisplatin 100mg/m2 iv on day 1
– Repeat cycles on 1,5, 8, 11 wks
78. Psychological preparation
Assess level of anxiety
Answer the questions and concerns
regarding surgery
Allow time and privacy to prepare
psychologically
Provide support and assistance
Cultural aspect need to be considered
Discharge planning
80. Nutritional support
Aims : promote wt gain
Interventions
– Assess wt , nutritional assessment
– Sr Albumin , protein
– Assessment of swallowing capacity
– High calorie high protein diet in liquid and soft form
– Enteral nutrition: NG feeds
– Parentral nutrition
– Hydration
– Adjust diet according to existing problems-
constipation/diarrhea
82. Physical and physiological
preparation
• Cleaning of surgical site
• Shaving
• Personal hygiene
• Oral care
• Nutrition: liquid diet x 3 days
• Monitor vital signs
• Intake /output chart
• Antibiotics and regular medications
NPO night before
No enema and laxatives can be allowed
83. Pain management
Explain to notify pain
Pain medications will be prescribed
Non invasive pain relieve techniques
84. Preoperative exercises
Stop smoking
Chest physiotherapy
Incentive spirometry
Football bladder exercises
Coughing exercises
Deep breathing
Splinting
Getting out of bed
85. Pre anesthetic work up
All investigations & corrections to
Co morbidities
ECG
PFT
Arterial blood gas
2d echo
Mouth opening
Check list
Send all equipments to OT
90. • Neurological Status
• Assess neurological status every shift.
• Any neurological change should be
carefully watched and
• Promptly reported
91. Pain Management
Adequate pain control reduces the mortality and
morbidity
Asess the pain
Initial pain management consist of morphine or
bupivacaine given epidurally
Patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, or a
combination of both
.Nothing by mouth for 5 to 7 days, intravenous or
epidural pain medications are used.
92. Pain Management contd..
Oral pain medications are started on the
fifth or seventh postoperative day
The main classes : opoids, nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, and local
anesthetics.
94. Pulmonary Care
Aggressive pulmonary toilet
Pain control is paramount
Patients are usually intubated after surgery monitor
oxygenation closely (spo2)
Suctioning
Chest physiotherapy ,Nebulizers
Coughing, deep breathing exercises, Incentive
spirometer.
Teach patients to splint their incision with a pillow.
Early mobilization
Monitor patients closely for fever
95. Chest tube care
Assess the drainage every shift.
Serosanguinous within a few hours.
Not more than 100 to 200 ml/h on the first day.
A sudden change in the color of chest tube : milky (chyle
leak )
Check the chest tube site for drainage,
Keep the chest tube dressing clean, dry, and intact.
Keep the chest tube free of any kinks or dependent
loops
96. Subcutaneous emphysema
Palpate the surrounding area
Due to an air leak from a pleural injury
Additional suction or placement of a new chest tube
New-onset may indicate a leak of the esophageal
anastomosis.
. Fever, tachycardia, and hypoxemia
Esophageal leak can be confirmed by barium swallow
Postoperative chest radiographs for pneumothorax and
for placement of any chest tube.
Monitor abrupt changes in oxygenation
97. Hemodynamics
Intravenous maintenance fluid at a rate of 100 to 200 ml/h for the first
12 to 16 hours.
Patients may require fluid boluses in the immediate postoperative
period.
Crystalloids or blood products may be used
Interstitial pulmonary edema.
Malnutrition and low protein levels can complicate the situation.
A delicate balance between adequate fluid replacement and fluid
overload.
30 ml/h of urine output
Determination of body weight
Meticulous skin care is necessary.
98. Nasogastric Tubes
. Do not move, manipulate, or irrigate the
nasogastric tube.
Do not attempt to replace it.
Monitor the tube for patency
Assess the drainage for color and
amount.
99. Gastrointestinal Care
Restricted by mouth for 5 to 7 days
Oral medications, are crushed and put down the nasogastric tube on
the second day ; they are never swallowed.
Diligent mouth care
A jejunostomy feeding tube is often placed during surgery and is
used from the first post op day for feeding
Early enteral feeding helps in early healing
Jejunostomy site care
100. At 5 to 7 days check the anastomosis for leaks
Eat 6 to 8 small frequent meals each day,
Avoid very hot or cold beverages and spicy foods.
Protein supplements, high-energy foods, or a soft dysphagia diet
Sit upright, chew slowly, and eat more than 3 hours before bedtime
assists in reducing reflux.
Drink fluids between meals rather than with meals
Dumping syndrome, may arise in patients who have had their vagus
nerves divided. After vagotomy is related to unregulated gastric
emptying
Minimizing liquids with meals
Consumption of frequent, small, low-carbohydrate meals
Discharged with plans for supplemental tube feeding.
101. Incision Care
Keep dressings clean, dry, and intact.
Change dressing 2 to 3 times a day
Saliva leak out through the cervical incision. Can
be managed by simple dressing
Large volumes (>250 ml every 8 hours),
application of a wound drainage bag
The leak is allowed to seal on its own,
Sealing could take several weeks.
102. Infection Risk
Compromised nutritional status,
They have invasive catheters
Risk of infection at the surgical sites.
Meticulous wound and skin care,
Hand washing,
Avoidance of cross-contamination
Changing of invasive catheters
Antibiotics
Adequate nutrition.
103. Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis
Heparin s/c BD
TED stockings
Early ambulation
Leg and ankle exercises
105. • Do’s
Check surgical incision
Maintain personal hygiene
Incision site care
Resume daily activities, work and sexual
activities
Drink fluid b/w meals
Eat 3 hrs before bedtime
Check wt
106. Contd…
Take stool softeners
Crush all medications
Observe complications: tarry stool,
progressive wt loss, diarrhea
Keep follow up appointments
107. • Don’ts
Avoid smoking (join stop smoking group)
Avoid strenuous activity for 12 wks
Avoid driving for 3 wks
Avoid hot & cold beverages , spicy food
Drink fluid in between meals
108. Rehabilitation
Patient must sleep in a head high position
Get adapted to small frequent meals
Keep a difference of 2-3 hrs between
meals and bed time
Continue spirometer for 3 months
Donot carry weight more than 5 kgs
Resume daily activities