Canada has played an important role in space exploration by being the third nation to launch a satellite into space in 1962. Canada further contributed the Canadarm robotic arm to NASA's space shuttle program in 1981 to transport astronauts and equipment outside the shuttle. More recently, Canada helped develop the robotic arm for the International Space Station and provided instrumentation for NASA's Phoenix and Curiosity Mars rovers, demonstrating Canada's ongoing collaborations to advance space research.