The document provides information about over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, including:
1) OTC drugs are non-prescription medicines that have received regulatory approval based on proven safety and efficacy. They do not require dispensing by a pharmacist.
2) Key criteria for OTC designation include low toxicity, risk of misuse being limited, and no risk of masking underlying conditions. Drugs are often prescription-only initially before being reclassified as OTC.
3) Common OTC drug categories discussed include analgesics, cough/cold medicines, antacids, laxatives, antifungals, sunscreens, emollients, contraceptives and supplements. The document outlines
This document discusses over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and regulations for their usage. It provides information on common types of OTC drugs and their characteristics. Regulations discussed include proper dosing based on factors like age and chronic diseases, avoiding drug-drug and drug-food interactions, and assessing for secondary symptoms. The document stresses the importance of pharmacists obtaining a thorough medical history and questionnaire from patients to safely recommend OTC drugs.
The document lists the brand names, generic names, therapeutic classifications, and indications or uses of various over-the-counter drugs. It includes analgesics like Advil and Aleaxan, cough and cold medicines like Bioflu and Decolgen, antacids like Tums Chew, laxatives like Dulcolax, and supplements like Centrum and Enervon. The drugs treat conditions such as headaches, fever, respiratory illnesses, constipation, and nutritional deficiencies.
OTC drugs are medicines that can be purchased without a prescription. They make up a large portion of the drug market, with over 100,000 products containing around 800 active ingredients across 80 categories. While convenient for self-treatment, they can also be misused or abused, especially by adolescents. Common OTC drugs that are misused include dextromethorphan (DXM) in cough medicines and stimulants like ephedrine. Clinicians can help prevent misuse by educating patients, reviewing all medications, and encouraging guidance from medical professionals when treating with OTC drugs.
This document discusses over-the-counter (OTC) medications, including common conditions they treat like pain, fever, coughs and colds; popular OTC drugs like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and cough syrups; and FDA regulations for OTC drugs. It covers OTC drug considerations regarding dosages, expiration dates, and inactive ingredients. Specific drug classes are explained, like analgesics, antihistamines, decongestants, antacids, and others. Geriatric and pediatric OTC use is also addressed.
Antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiprotozoal drugs are used to treat infections caused by viruses, fungi, parasites, and protozoa respectively. Antiviral drugs work by targeting the enzymes needed for viral replication, and must generally be administered within 48 hours of infection onset. Antifungal drugs target the cell wall of fungi. Antiparasitic drugs expel or kill parasitic worms from the body. Antiprotozoal drugs treat diseases caused by protozoan parasites like malaria and African sleeping sickness.
The document discusses over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs. Prescription drugs require approval from a health professional, while OTC drugs can be purchased without approval. Both can be dangerous if abused or taken incorrectly. The FDA regulates OTC drug labels to provide information on active ingredients, uses, directions, warnings, and expiration dates to promote safe use. Common OTC drugs include pain relievers, cough and cold medicines, and gastrointestinal medications.
The document discusses occupational health hazards in the pharmaceutical industry, including physical hazards like dust, formaldehyde, UV lamps, and ergonomic stresses, as well as specific health risks from exposure to drugs like hormones, antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical agents, which can cause allergic reactions, vitamin deficiencies, fungal infections, and toxic effects for workers exposed during manufacturing. Control measures are outlined to prevent adverse health outcomes for pharmaceutical workers through engineering solutions, personal protective equipment, training, and medical surveillance programs.
The document provides information about over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, including:
1) OTC drugs are non-prescription medicines that have received regulatory approval based on proven safety and efficacy. They do not require dispensing by a pharmacist.
2) Key criteria for OTC designation include low toxicity, risk of misuse being limited, and no risk of masking underlying conditions. Drugs are often prescription-only initially before being reclassified as OTC.
3) Common OTC drug categories discussed include analgesics, cough/cold medicines, antacids, laxatives, antifungals, sunscreens, emollients, contraceptives and supplements. The document outlines
This document discusses over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and regulations for their usage. It provides information on common types of OTC drugs and their characteristics. Regulations discussed include proper dosing based on factors like age and chronic diseases, avoiding drug-drug and drug-food interactions, and assessing for secondary symptoms. The document stresses the importance of pharmacists obtaining a thorough medical history and questionnaire from patients to safely recommend OTC drugs.
The document lists the brand names, generic names, therapeutic classifications, and indications or uses of various over-the-counter drugs. It includes analgesics like Advil and Aleaxan, cough and cold medicines like Bioflu and Decolgen, antacids like Tums Chew, laxatives like Dulcolax, and supplements like Centrum and Enervon. The drugs treat conditions such as headaches, fever, respiratory illnesses, constipation, and nutritional deficiencies.
OTC drugs are medicines that can be purchased without a prescription. They make up a large portion of the drug market, with over 100,000 products containing around 800 active ingredients across 80 categories. While convenient for self-treatment, they can also be misused or abused, especially by adolescents. Common OTC drugs that are misused include dextromethorphan (DXM) in cough medicines and stimulants like ephedrine. Clinicians can help prevent misuse by educating patients, reviewing all medications, and encouraging guidance from medical professionals when treating with OTC drugs.
This document discusses over-the-counter (OTC) medications, including common conditions they treat like pain, fever, coughs and colds; popular OTC drugs like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and cough syrups; and FDA regulations for OTC drugs. It covers OTC drug considerations regarding dosages, expiration dates, and inactive ingredients. Specific drug classes are explained, like analgesics, antihistamines, decongestants, antacids, and others. Geriatric and pediatric OTC use is also addressed.
Antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiprotozoal drugs are used to treat infections caused by viruses, fungi, parasites, and protozoa respectively. Antiviral drugs work by targeting the enzymes needed for viral replication, and must generally be administered within 48 hours of infection onset. Antifungal drugs target the cell wall of fungi. Antiparasitic drugs expel or kill parasitic worms from the body. Antiprotozoal drugs treat diseases caused by protozoan parasites like malaria and African sleeping sickness.
The document discusses over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs. Prescription drugs require approval from a health professional, while OTC drugs can be purchased without approval. Both can be dangerous if abused or taken incorrectly. The FDA regulates OTC drug labels to provide information on active ingredients, uses, directions, warnings, and expiration dates to promote safe use. Common OTC drugs include pain relievers, cough and cold medicines, and gastrointestinal medications.
The document discusses occupational health hazards in the pharmaceutical industry, including physical hazards like dust, formaldehyde, UV lamps, and ergonomic stresses, as well as specific health risks from exposure to drugs like hormones, antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical agents, which can cause allergic reactions, vitamin deficiencies, fungal infections, and toxic effects for workers exposed during manufacturing. Control measures are outlined to prevent adverse health outcomes for pharmaceutical workers through engineering solutions, personal protective equipment, training, and medical surveillance programs.
The document discusses prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. It notes that prescription drugs require a doctor's recommendation while OTC drugs can be purchased without one, but may be abused more easily. Both have pros and cons in terms of safety and effectiveness. The document outlines key active ingredients in common OTC drug categories like cough/cold remedies and provides examples of generic and brand names. It emphasizes the importance of following labels, directions, warnings, and not using OTC drugs long-term without a doctor's input.
Asthma And COPD Treatment With Dry Powder Inhalation CapsulesThe Swiss Pharmacy
A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases.
DPIs contain a powder formulation, which most frequently consists of an ordered mixture of micronized drug. Here an individual dose in a gelatin capsule is loaded by the patient immediately before use.
Various medications are available in the form of dry powder capsules for use in a Generic Handihaler device like Cipla Rothahaler.
The medicinal product is intended for inhalation use only.
introduction to pharmacology ( PK, PD, ROUTE OF ADM. OF DRUG)Mohd Asad Farooqui
Pharmacology is a branch of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue,
This document discusses reducing harm from high-risk medications. It begins by defining high-risk medications as those most likely to cause significant harm, even when used correctly. Many high-risk medications like heparin, insulin, morphine and propofol are intravenous. The document then analyzes errors in administering and dispensing high-risk medications at a hospital in India. Over 100 patients and medication samples were observed, finding around 45% error rate. Interventions like additional training and labeling were implemented. A follow-up study found the error rate reduced to 1.2%. The document promotes strict storage, dispensing and monitoring policies for high-risk medications.
The document discusses pharmacy and chemistry. It defines pharmacy as the branch of science dealing with manufacturing and distribution of medicines to treat and prevent disease. It lists the main branches of pharmacy as pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, and pharmaceutical analysis. Pharmaceutics is described as converting drug substances into formulations like tablets, capsules, and injections. Pharmaceutical chemistry deals with designing, synthesizing, and characterizing drugs. Pharmacognosy studies natural drug sources and identification. Pharmacology studies pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Chemistry is defined as the study of composition, structure, and properties of substances. It explains that everything from atoms to living organisms are made up of chemicals and chemical reactions. The
Over the Counter drugs vs Prescription DrugsAnwar Munjewar
This document compares prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. It notes that while OTC drugs do not require a prescription, they can still be harmful if not used properly or in combination with other medications. Prescription drugs require a doctor's order and are usually more powerful. The document outlines categories of common OTC drugs and notes that headaches, coughs/colds, and acidity are most frequently treated with OTC medications. While widely used, OTC drugs still carry risks like interactions and side effects if misused or abused. Both prescription and OTC drugs play important roles when used appropriately under medical guidance.
Allegra
Synonyms - Fexofenadine, Telfast, Allegra Hives, Carboxyterfenadine hydrochloride
Category - Allergy
What is Allegra ?
ALLEGRA active ingredient is Fexofenadine hydrochloride. Allegra is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body.
Use
This medicine is used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, sneezing, hives, and itching. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction
Hazards of OTC medication - a community pharmacy practiceSriramNagarajan16
1. The study surveyed individuals in central India who used over-the-counter (OTC) medications to understand the risks.
2. It found that about 21% of OTC drugs used could cause moderate to severe adverse effects. Some individuals used only NSAIDs from OTC for fever and body aches but were later diagnosed with chikungunya.
3. The misuse of OTC drugs without diagnosis poses tremendous risks and can lead to new complications or exacerbate existing conditions. Medications should only be taken after consultation with a registered medical practitioner.
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living systems, including their biological effects, therapeutic uses, and interactions. A drug is any substance that alters physiological systems. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, while pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body through its mechanisms and effects. Drugs can be administered through various routes including oral, parenteral, topical, inhalational, and others. Proper drug nomenclature includes the chemical, generic, and trade names.
Pharmacology is the branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism
This document discusses the non-prescribed use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs by medical students. It finds that 70% of students self-medicate with cough remedies, antihistamines, and analgesics. Some also misuse broad-spectrum antibiotics and multivitamins. While OTC drugs can provide convenience, their misuse poses health risks like antibiotic resistance. The document examines the types of OTC drugs commonly used in India and their growth drivers and barriers. It also discusses debates around classifying some drugs in a new "behind-the-counter" category requiring pharmacist discussion.
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms. Nurses must understand pharmacology to properly administer medications to patients. Key concepts covered include the LPN's role in medication administration, Canadian drug legislation, and important terminology like pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and different drug names. Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes and excretes drugs, while pharmacodynamics is how drugs alter cell physiology. Nurses must know drug names, legislation, and principles of pharmacology to ethically, responsibly and competently administer medications.
Prescription drugs & over the counter drugs 2017Pravin Prasad
This document discusses prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and drug scheduling in various countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Nepal. It provides details on Nepal's drug classification system including groups "Ka", "Kha", and "Ga" and explains the differences between prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs. Key points covered include principles of over-the-counter drugs, analysis of advertising claims, examples of group "Ga" drugs in Nepal, and public health concerns related to prescription and over-the-counter medications.
The document discusses several classes of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including birth control pills, anabolic steroids, analgesics, cold and allergy medications, stimulants, sedatives, herbal products, hormones, and dietary supplements. It describes the uses, side effects, and regulations around these substances.
This document discusses drug allergies, including definitions, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It defines drug allergy as an abnormal immunological response to a drug or its metabolites. Common symptoms include various skin eruptions like urticaria, contact dermatitis, and Steven Johnson syndrome. Diagnosis involves taking a detailed medical history and potentially skin or provocation tests. Management consists of discontinuing the suspected drug and treating symptoms with antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine depending on severity.
This document provides an introduction to pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. The chapter covers drug nomenclature, classifications of prescription, non-prescription, and controlled substances. Drugs are derived from natural sources like plants and animals, or they can be synthetic. Absorption is the first step in a drug's pharmacokinetic phase once in the body. Many factors influence a drug's absorption including its route of administration, bodily conditions, blood flow to the site, and the drug's pH level.
Histamine and bradykinin are important autacoids or local hormones that act near their site of synthesis to exert physiological effects. Histamine is released from mast cells and basophils during allergic reactions and binds to H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors, causing effects like vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and bronchioconstriction. It is involved in allergic diseases. Bradykinin is produced from kininogen and acts on B1 and B2 receptors to cause vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and pain. Both histamine and bradykinin are inactivated by enzymatic degradation and their effects can be blocked by receptor antagonists.
This document provides information on acute poisoning, including definitions, common causes, general management approaches, and specific management for certain types of poisoning. It discusses paracetamol poisoning, organophosphorus insecticide poisoning, and opiate poisoning. For paracetamol poisoning, it outlines treatment with acetylcysteine or alternative treatments based on time since ingestion. For organophosphorus poisoning, it describes the triphasic illness and recommends atropine as the antidote. The document provides detailed guidance on assessment, monitoring, supportive care and specific treatments for acute poisoning.
The document discusses prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. It notes that prescription drugs require a doctor's recommendation while OTC drugs can be purchased without one, but may be abused more easily. Both have pros and cons in terms of safety and effectiveness. The document outlines key active ingredients in common OTC drug categories like cough/cold remedies and provides examples of generic and brand names. It emphasizes the importance of following labels, directions, warnings, and not using OTC drugs long-term without a doctor's input.
Asthma And COPD Treatment With Dry Powder Inhalation CapsulesThe Swiss Pharmacy
A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases.
DPIs contain a powder formulation, which most frequently consists of an ordered mixture of micronized drug. Here an individual dose in a gelatin capsule is loaded by the patient immediately before use.
Various medications are available in the form of dry powder capsules for use in a Generic Handihaler device like Cipla Rothahaler.
The medicinal product is intended for inhalation use only.
introduction to pharmacology ( PK, PD, ROUTE OF ADM. OF DRUG)Mohd Asad Farooqui
Pharmacology is a branch of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue,
This document discusses reducing harm from high-risk medications. It begins by defining high-risk medications as those most likely to cause significant harm, even when used correctly. Many high-risk medications like heparin, insulin, morphine and propofol are intravenous. The document then analyzes errors in administering and dispensing high-risk medications at a hospital in India. Over 100 patients and medication samples were observed, finding around 45% error rate. Interventions like additional training and labeling were implemented. A follow-up study found the error rate reduced to 1.2%. The document promotes strict storage, dispensing and monitoring policies for high-risk medications.
The document discusses pharmacy and chemistry. It defines pharmacy as the branch of science dealing with manufacturing and distribution of medicines to treat and prevent disease. It lists the main branches of pharmacy as pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, and pharmaceutical analysis. Pharmaceutics is described as converting drug substances into formulations like tablets, capsules, and injections. Pharmaceutical chemistry deals with designing, synthesizing, and characterizing drugs. Pharmacognosy studies natural drug sources and identification. Pharmacology studies pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Chemistry is defined as the study of composition, structure, and properties of substances. It explains that everything from atoms to living organisms are made up of chemicals and chemical reactions. The
Over the Counter drugs vs Prescription DrugsAnwar Munjewar
This document compares prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. It notes that while OTC drugs do not require a prescription, they can still be harmful if not used properly or in combination with other medications. Prescription drugs require a doctor's order and are usually more powerful. The document outlines categories of common OTC drugs and notes that headaches, coughs/colds, and acidity are most frequently treated with OTC medications. While widely used, OTC drugs still carry risks like interactions and side effects if misused or abused. Both prescription and OTC drugs play important roles when used appropriately under medical guidance.
Allegra
Synonyms - Fexofenadine, Telfast, Allegra Hives, Carboxyterfenadine hydrochloride
Category - Allergy
What is Allegra ?
ALLEGRA active ingredient is Fexofenadine hydrochloride. Allegra is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body.
Use
This medicine is used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, sneezing, hives, and itching. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction
Hazards of OTC medication - a community pharmacy practiceSriramNagarajan16
1. The study surveyed individuals in central India who used over-the-counter (OTC) medications to understand the risks.
2. It found that about 21% of OTC drugs used could cause moderate to severe adverse effects. Some individuals used only NSAIDs from OTC for fever and body aches but were later diagnosed with chikungunya.
3. The misuse of OTC drugs without diagnosis poses tremendous risks and can lead to new complications or exacerbate existing conditions. Medications should only be taken after consultation with a registered medical practitioner.
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living systems, including their biological effects, therapeutic uses, and interactions. A drug is any substance that alters physiological systems. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, while pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body through its mechanisms and effects. Drugs can be administered through various routes including oral, parenteral, topical, inhalational, and others. Proper drug nomenclature includes the chemical, generic, and trade names.
Pharmacology is the branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism
This document discusses the non-prescribed use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs by medical students. It finds that 70% of students self-medicate with cough remedies, antihistamines, and analgesics. Some also misuse broad-spectrum antibiotics and multivitamins. While OTC drugs can provide convenience, their misuse poses health risks like antibiotic resistance. The document examines the types of OTC drugs commonly used in India and their growth drivers and barriers. It also discusses debates around classifying some drugs in a new "behind-the-counter" category requiring pharmacist discussion.
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms. Nurses must understand pharmacology to properly administer medications to patients. Key concepts covered include the LPN's role in medication administration, Canadian drug legislation, and important terminology like pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and different drug names. Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes and excretes drugs, while pharmacodynamics is how drugs alter cell physiology. Nurses must know drug names, legislation, and principles of pharmacology to ethically, responsibly and competently administer medications.
Prescription drugs & over the counter drugs 2017Pravin Prasad
This document discusses prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and drug scheduling in various countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Nepal. It provides details on Nepal's drug classification system including groups "Ka", "Kha", and "Ga" and explains the differences between prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs. Key points covered include principles of over-the-counter drugs, analysis of advertising claims, examples of group "Ga" drugs in Nepal, and public health concerns related to prescription and over-the-counter medications.
The document discusses several classes of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including birth control pills, anabolic steroids, analgesics, cold and allergy medications, stimulants, sedatives, herbal products, hormones, and dietary supplements. It describes the uses, side effects, and regulations around these substances.
This document discusses drug allergies, including definitions, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It defines drug allergy as an abnormal immunological response to a drug or its metabolites. Common symptoms include various skin eruptions like urticaria, contact dermatitis, and Steven Johnson syndrome. Diagnosis involves taking a detailed medical history and potentially skin or provocation tests. Management consists of discontinuing the suspected drug and treating symptoms with antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine depending on severity.
This document provides an introduction to pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. The chapter covers drug nomenclature, classifications of prescription, non-prescription, and controlled substances. Drugs are derived from natural sources like plants and animals, or they can be synthetic. Absorption is the first step in a drug's pharmacokinetic phase once in the body. Many factors influence a drug's absorption including its route of administration, bodily conditions, blood flow to the site, and the drug's pH level.
Histamine and bradykinin are important autacoids or local hormones that act near their site of synthesis to exert physiological effects. Histamine is released from mast cells and basophils during allergic reactions and binds to H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors, causing effects like vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and bronchioconstriction. It is involved in allergic diseases. Bradykinin is produced from kininogen and acts on B1 and B2 receptors to cause vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and pain. Both histamine and bradykinin are inactivated by enzymatic degradation and their effects can be blocked by receptor antagonists.
This document provides information on acute poisoning, including definitions, common causes, general management approaches, and specific management for certain types of poisoning. It discusses paracetamol poisoning, organophosphorus insecticide poisoning, and opiate poisoning. For paracetamol poisoning, it outlines treatment with acetylcysteine or alternative treatments based on time since ingestion. For organophosphorus poisoning, it describes the triphasic illness and recommends atropine as the antidote. The document provides detailed guidance on assessment, monitoring, supportive care and specific treatments for acute poisoning.
This document provides information about Liam, a montelukast tablet produced by Asiatic Laboratories Ltd. It discusses the prevalence of asthma in Bangladesh, the role of leukotrienes in asthma, and how montelukast works as a leukotriene receptor antagonist to reduce asthma symptoms. Details are given about the dosage and administration of Liam tablet, target doctors, marketing materials, benefits demonstrated in clinical studies, and sales targets. In summary, the document promotes Liam as an oral treatment for asthma that blocks leukotrienes and decreases inflammation.
Introduction to Pharmacology, Source, Nomenclature& use of Herbal Drugs prect...Manoj Kumar
This document provides definitions and key concepts related to pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. It discusses the history and important figures in pharmacology. Key terms like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, and indications are defined. The document also covers the sources of drugs including plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms and synthesis. It discusses nomenclature systems for drugs including chemical, generic and brand names. Common herbal medicines used in India are also highlighted.
Three therapeutic options for treating respiratory ailments are described:
Cipro (ciprofloxacin) is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination mechanisms. It is used to treat various bacterial infections. Flonase (fluticasone propionate) is a nasal spray that works by inhibiting inflammatory cells like mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. It is used for treating symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Allegra (fexofenadine hydrochloride) is an antihistamine that works by blocking the histamine receptor and reducing allergy symptoms. It is used for treating
Allergic rhinitis is a common respiratory allergy caused by an immunologic reaction to allergens like dust, pollen, or animal dander. It affects 10-25% of the population. Diagnosis is based on history and symptoms of sneezing, congestion, and runny nose. Treatment includes allergen avoidance, antihistamines, nasal steroids, and immunotherapy. Nursing focuses on education about the condition, medications, and lifestyle modifications to reduce allergen exposure and control symptoms.
HISTORY pharmacology DRUG NOMENCLATURE CLINICAL TRIALS.PDFsuniu
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on living systems. It deals with how chemicals interact with the body. Drugs can come from natural sources like plants, animals, and minerals, or be synthesized chemically. A drug is defined as any substance used for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease, or to affect the body's structure or function. Drugs must undergo testing to prove they are safe and effective before being approved for medical use. The development of new drugs is a long, complex, and costly process.
This document discusses several types of drugs used to treat respiratory conditions. It includes sections on antiasthmatics like bronchodilators and corticosteroids; expectorants and mucolytics to loosen mucus; antitussives to suppress cough; antihistamines used for allergies; and decongestants to relieve nasal congestion. For each drug class, it provides examples of medications, their mechanisms of action, dosages, indications for use, contraindications, adverse effects, and nursing responsibilities.
Antibiotic policy and trends in antibiotic policy,
References
Infection control: Basic concepts and practices, 2nd edn.
www.cdc.org
Antibiotics guide: choices for common infections
Chennai Declaration
This document provides an overview of antihistamines. It defines antihistamines as drugs that reduce the effects of histamine, which is released during allergic reactions. The document discusses the causes of allergies and the role of histamine. It outlines the history and classes of antihistamines, including first generation types. The document also discusses the future of antihistamine treatment and research related to new histamine receptor subtypes.
This document provides an overview of antihistamines. It defines antihistamines as drugs that reduce the effects of histamine, which is released during allergic reactions. The document discusses the causes of allergies and the role of histamine. It outlines the history and classes of antihistamines, including first generation types. The document also discusses the future of antihistamine treatment and research related to new histamine receptors.
Flomist Aqueous Nasal Spray (Generic Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray) is used for the management of the nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic and non-allergic rhinitis in adults, adolescents, and paediatric patients, 4 years of age and older.
Safety and effectiveness of Fluticasone Propionate aqueous nasal spray in children below 4 years of age has not been adequately established.
This document provides definitions and introductions to key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs, including their sources, properties, uses, and effects on living organisms. A drug is defined as any chemical substance that affects living processes. Drugs are categorized as over-the-counter or prescription. Prototype drugs are original drugs from which other drugs in a class are developed. Orphan drugs treat rare diseases. Essential drugs satisfy most health needs. Drugs have chemical, non-proprietary, and proprietary names. Pharmacopoeias and formularies describe commonly used drugs. Pharmacology has dynamics and kinetics divisions concerning drug effects and movement in the body. Clinical, experimental, epidemiological, economic
Global Medical Cures™ | Allergy Relief for your Child
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Children are susceptible to developing allergies, which can cause symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and asthma. Allergies are caused by an immune system reaction to allergens like pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander. Symptoms can be managed by avoiding allergens when possible and using over-the-counter or prescription medications. If medications do not provide relief, children with severe allergies may receive immunotherapy in the form of allergy shots to reduce sensitivity to allergens over time.
Title: Exploring Respiratory System Pharmacology: A Comprehensive Guide for Students
Introduction:
The respiratory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by facilitating gas exchange and regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body. Understanding the pharmacology of respiratory medications is essential for healthcare students to effectively manage respiratory conditions and optimize patient outcomes. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of respiratory system pharmacology, covering key medications, mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
This document discusses various pharmacology topics including drug storage requirements, drug classification, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism, effects of age and gender on drug effects, rationales for drug treatment, drug-drug interactions, half-life, types of medication errors, and brand names of several drugs. It provides information on glipizide storage, DEA drug schedules, how the body handles drugs, how drugs affect the body, drug metabolism in the liver, factors influencing drug effects, reasons for using drugs therapeutically, types of drug interactions, the meaning of half-life, and sources of medication errors.
Similar to Can Peng Chapter 7 Presentation final draft (20)
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Can Peng Chapter 7 Presentation final draft
1. Three commonly used classes of drugs for
the respiratory system conditions
Antibiotic kills bacteria.
Antihistamine blocks allergy attack.
Corticosteroid reduces inflammation and
swelling.
1
2. The PDR contains information on all the drugs
licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA).
• Classes
• Boxed Warning
• DEA class (prescription or OTC)
• Description
• Common brand names
• How supplied
• Dosage and indications
• Maximum dosage
• Dosing considerations
• Administration
• Storage
• Contraindications/precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug interactions
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Mechanism of action
• Pharmokinetics
Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
2
Web photo retrieved from https://groups.diigo.com/group/berfdilycoc30/content/physicians-desk-reference-pictures-6970757
3. 3
Antibiotic
• A type of antimicrobial drug which treats and prevents bacterial
infections
• May either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria
• May also possess antiprotozoal activity
• Not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza
Web photo retrieved from https://haywardmemorialhospital.com/about-us/antibiotic-awareness/
4. 4
Antibiotic
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro)
• Classes:
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Ophthalmological anti-infective
Auricular (Otic) anti-infective
• DEA Class:
A medical prescription (Rx)
• Common brand names:
Cetraxal, Ciloxan, Cipro, Cipro XR, OTIPRIO,
Proquin XR
Web photo retrieved from https:// www.epainassist.com/opioid-treatment/medications/how-effective-is-cipro-and-what-are-its-side-effects
5. 5
Antibiotic
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro)
• Description:
Oral, intravenous (IV), ophthalmic, otic broad-
spectrum fluoroquinolone anti-infective
Used for urinary tract infections, respiratory tract
infections, skin and skin structure infections,
infectious diarrhea, anthrax, plague, corneal
ulcers, bacterial conjunctivitis, acute otitis
externa, and bilateral otitis media with effusion in
patients undergoing tympanostomy tube
placement
• Adverse reactions:
Associated with disabling and potentially
irreversible adverse events, including tendonitis,
tendon rupture, and peripheral neuropathy
Web photo retrieved from https:// www.epainassist.com/opioid-treatment/medications/how-effective-is-cipro-and-what-are-its-side-effects
7. 7
Antihistamine
Histamine Structure
• An inexpensive, generic drug which treats
allergic rhinitis and other allergies, with few
side effects
• Can give relief when a person has nasal
congestion, sneezing, or hives because of
pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy
• Usually for short-term treatment
• Might not treat health problems caused by
chronic allergies, including asthma,
sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract
infection
• Need doctors’ guidance for any long-term
use
Web photo retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihistamine#cite_note-Consumer_Reports_2013-1
8. 8
Antihistamine
Web photo retrieved from https://www.pharmcom.com/allergy-cough-cold/101-allegra-telfast-180mg-30-tablets.html
Fexofenadine hydrochloride (Allegra)
• Classes:
Second generation (non-sedating) antihistamine
• DEA Class:
Rx, OTC
• Common brand names:
Allegra, Allegra Allergy 12 Hour, Allegra
Allergy 24 Hour, Allegra Children's Allergy,
Allegra Children's Allergy ODT, Allegra ODT,
Children's Allergy Fexofenadine
9. 9
Antihistamine
Web photo retrieved from https://www.pharmcom.com/allergy-cough-cold/101-allegra-telfast-180mg-30-tablets.html
Fexofenadine hydrochloride (Allegra)
• Description:
Non-sedating antihistamine (H1-receptor
antagonist)
Used for seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic
idiopathic urticaria
Active metabolite of terfenadine
• Adverse reactions:
Severe
Anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid
Angioedema / Rapid
Moderate
Unspecified chest pain / Early
Dyspnea / Early
11. 11
Corticosteroid
Cortisol (hydrocortisone),
is a corticosteroid with
both glucocorticoid and
mineralocorticoid activity
and effects
• A class of steroid hormones that are produced in
the adrenal cortex (cortisol and aldosterone), as
well as the synthetic analogues of these
hormones.
• Two main classes of corticosteroids,
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are
involved in a wide range of physiological
processes, including stress response, immune
response, and regulation of inflammation,
carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism,
blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.
• Some common naturally occurring steroid
hormones are cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone
and aldosterone.
Web photo retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid
13. 13
Corticosteroid
Web photo retrieved from https://www.epainassist.com/opioid-treatment/medications/how-effective-is-flonase
Fluticasone propionate (Flonase)
• Description:
Synthetic corticosteroid; used topically,
intranasally, and by oral inhalation
Medium-potency topical products are used
for corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses,
including atopic dermatitis, in adults and
pediatric patients 3 months and older.
Used via oral inhalation for maintenance
treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD); used
intranasally for allergic / non-allergic
rhinitis and for nasal polyps
15. 15
References
1. Prescribers’ Digital Reference, http://www.pdr.net/.
2. Antibiotic, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic.
3. “Utilizing antibiotics agents effectively will preserve present day medication”. News
Ghana. 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
4. “Antibiotics”. NHS. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
5. “Factsheet for experts”. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Retrieved
21 December 2014.
6. Chemical Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Food (PDF). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.
pp. 1–60. ISBN 9781449614591.
7. Antihistamine, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihistamine.
8. Consumer Reports (2013), Using Antihistamines to Treat Allergies, Hay Fever, & Hives -
Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price (PDF), Yonkers, New York: Consumer
Reports.
9. Corticosteroid, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid.
10. Nussey, S.; Whitehead, S. (2001). Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach. Oxford: BIOS
Scientific Publishers.
11. Nussey, Stephen; Whitehead, Saffron (2001-01-01). The adrenal gland. BIOS Scientific
Publishers.