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The document discusses different types of cameras including DSLR, camcorder, film camera, and RED Epic cameras. It also covers key camera concepts such as lenses, focal length, exposure which is determined by shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. Depth of field and sensors including CCD and CMOS chips are also overviewed at a high level.
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- 4. Types of camera DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) Excellent image quality Changeable lens Big sensor Cheap(ish) Hackable! Not designed for filming Lacks certain features Canon EOS 7D Jelly effect Poor sound recording Can overheat
- 5. Types of camera Camcorder Canbe very cheap Increasingly powerful Designed for filming Simple to operate Lens usually fixed Can be quite limited Panasonic HDC TM900
- 6. Types of camera FilmCamera Very high resolution Film ‘look’ Prices range from very cheap to very expensive Panaflex Gold II Very inconvenient Becoming obsolete
- 7. Types of camera REDEpic Very high resolution (4k lines of resolution - Full HD is 720 or 1080) Proprietary formats A bit expensive (over HKD 150,000)
- 8. Lenses Prime - doesn’tmove What difference does the lens Telefoto make? Zoom - Can change focal length Wide angle - Very short focal length Macro - For extreme close-up work Fisheye More here
- 9. Lenses Focal length The focal length of a lens determines its angle of view, and thus also how much the subject will be magnified for a given photographic position. Wide angle lenses have short focal lengths, while telephoto lenses have longer corresponding focal lengths. A common rule of thumb for estimating how fast the exposure needs to be for a given focal length is the one over focal length rule. This states that for a 35 mm camera, the exposure time needs to be at least as fast as one over the focal length in seconds. In other words, when using a 200 mm focal length on a 35 mm camera, the exposure time needs to be at least 1/200 seconds — otherwise blurring may be hard to avoid.
- 10. Exposure We canthink of EXPOSURE as being the result of three elements which work together. Learn more here
- 11. Shutter speed /frame rate Commonly confused, but not the same thing Frame rate - Fps.Usually 24, 30 or 48 for video Shutter speed - how long the frame is open for This makes it very simple!
- 12. ISO Back in theold days of film, each roll would have an ASA or ISO rating, which meant how fast or how sensitive to light it was. Digital cameras work on the same principle, but this time, replace film with the image sensor. ISO is the sensitivity level, so an ISO of 100 is relatively slow, and an ISO of 400 and above is considered fast. You would use a “slow” ISO when there is a lot of light so the image sensor is less sensitive, and a “fast” ISO when there is less light and it is difficult to get a decent exposure without introducing camera shake into your images.
- 13. Aperture Think of aperturelike the pupil in your eye. Aperture is a measure of how much light is let into the camera through the lens. Like your pupil, the lens can open up (widen its aperture) to let more light in, or close down (narrow its aperture) to let less light in. Aperture is measured in f/ stops and affects depth of field. Using a wide aperture (small f/ stop) will produce an image with a blurred background and sharp foreground, or area of focus, and a small aperture (large f/ stop) will produce an image with sharpness across more of the image. This will be explained further when we discuss depth of field. The lens on the left is stopped down to f/22 (letting in the least amount of light), in the middle is f/8, and on the right, f/2.8. (Credit: CBSi) Apertures are listed in terms of f-numbers, which quantitatively describe relative light- gathering area . Note that larger aperture openings are defined to have lower f-numbers (o4en very confusing). These two terms are o4en mistakenly interchanged; the rest of this tutorial refers to lenses in terms of their aperture size. Lenses with larger apertures are also described as being “faster,” because for a given ISO speed, the shutter speed can be made faster for the same exposure. Additionally, a smaller aperture means that objects can be in focus over a wider range of distance, a concept also termed the depth of field.
- 14. Sensors http://www.teledynedalsa.com/corp/markets/ ccd_vs_cmos.aspx
- 15. Chips CCD (charged couplingdevice) CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
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