The document discusses the key components and functions of a camera. It explains that a camera contains lenses that focus light beams and allow images to be viewed clearly or less clearly. It also discusses the aperture/f-stop which controls the amount of light entering the camera and affects depth of field. Additionally, it covers the shutter, which opens and closes the aperture lens and can be adjusted to capture moving objects sharply or blurrily. Exposure combines the effects of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

1. Components of a
Camera
By-Matheus

2. Lens
Much like our eyes, a camera has
lenses, which help the camera to take
images and focus them around us,
lenses can me manipulated to let us
view images more clearly or not so
clear. Lenses take light beams and
pass through a transparent lense to
come out the other side differently.

3. Aperture/F-Stop
The aperture of a camera is referring to the
amount of light the camera is letting in. By
adjusting the aperture(the F-Stop) it can change
whether the image is blurry or the object is clear
but the background is blurry. The F-Stop can be
adjusted to change these things such as, “f/1.4”
or “f/2” Photographers use these features to get
images that focus on certain things.

4. Shutter
A device that limits the passage of light;
especially a camera component that allows light
to enter by opening and closing the aperture
lense. Also the you can adjust the shutter speed
to change the type of picture you would like to
take. The shutter speed can make objects long
and blurry or very sharp and distinct.

5. Exsposure
Exposure refers to the amount of light coming
into the lense and ground the aperture area.
Exposure is a mix of all three components to
take a picture. The aperture has to do with the
depth of field, the shutter speed is the reason for
sharp images and motion blur, and the ISO
Speed has to do with the image noise.

6. Optical Zoom
The optical zoom of the camera is the amount of
image you want in the picture and how much
distance you want, the optical zoom is where the
lenses move closer or farther from each thee
and with the help of the lenses it focuses as it
moves. These features help with zooming in to
far away objects, this can be changed with
different types of lenses. Optical zoom is the
movement of lenses.

7. Digital Zoom
Digital zoom is different from Optical Zoom,
some cameras include digital zoom. Digital
Zoom is where the camera manually zooms in
the image instead of the lenses manually
moving. This method isn't as clear as optical
zoom because the lenses aren't actually moving
meaning that it can zoom a lot farther but
without the image quality.

8. Auto Program Mode
With the Auto program mode, you don't have
much control over the picture you are taking.
The camera adjusts all the different setting in
order to take a perfect picture. This method is
used more but people who are just taking
pictures to remember things, more experienced
photographers will use different modes in order
to get the picture the way they want it.

9. Manual Mode
Manual mode is a mode many big
photographers use. Manual mode allows
photographers to adjust many things such as
the ISO the Shutter and Aperture and many
other things.

10. How does a Camera create a Picture?
A camera basically consists of a lightproof box that lets in a bit of light at just the right moment. Once the
light enters the camera, it creates an image by causing a chemical reaction on photo film. SLR cameras
can also create purely digital images without using photo film at all, but we will concentrate on the
traditional use of film today.Outdoor light reflects off your dog, bouncing into the camera, through the lens
and onto a mirror. The light then bounces off the mirror into a five-sided piece of glass called a
“pentaprism" and into the eyepiece. Finally, the light passes through the eyepiece and into your eye. This
allows you to see the image exactly as it will appear on film.

11. Macro
Macro Photography is a type of photography
where, one uses a camera to focus so clearly on
tiny images to make them almost look life size.
Certain cameras have a feature that allows
macro to work. There are different ways to
achieve this effect, one way is to take your lense
off and pull it away from the camera which
makes it zoom super close. Other ways is to
zoom super far in and turn the aperture down
allowing the image to focus.

12. Night Picture Taking
Taking pictures at night is a tricky skill,
taking a picture with out lots of lights
around can be hard. Controlling aperture and
shutter speed are the keys. Aperture is the
size of the lens opening; you want large
apertures to let in as much light as possible.
Shutter speed will control how long the
shutter stays open; the longer it's open, the
more light will reach the sensor. Also,
setting higher ISO speeds will increase the
"light gathering" ability of the camera's
sensor.

13. Portraits
Portraits can be taken many different ways,
what is tricky about pictures is to focus on just
the person specifically. Having the background
of the pictured unfocused. Portraits have a
variety of different aspects, some are black
background, some with a unfocused
background, and some have a background that
are focused and everything is in focus.

14. Landscapes
With landscapes, it brings together a few of the
different aspects of photography, reflections,
focusing on all aspects, and also clarity of
colors. Landscapes are normally of either nature
or mountains, or out city lines. Landscapes are a
beautiful way to show the beauty of our outside
world in a wide angle view.

15. Sports
With sports pictures, the main struggle to
capture a solid perfect picture of an active sport,
is getting a clear shot of lots of movement. With
sports, there is lots of movement and action,
and with a camera it can be hard to achieve a
picture clear enough when someone isn't
posing. Adjusting your shutter speed to a much
faster shutter is one way and also many camera
have a sports feature which do just that.

16. Stitch
Image stitching or photo stitching
is the process of combining multiple
photographic images with
overlapping fields of view to produce
a segmented panorama or high-
resolution image.

17. Av Aperture Priority
This mode allows creators to make pictures and
be able to adjust the f-number. Allowing the
aperture to change.

18. TV Aperture Priority
Tv stands for time value, it refers to the shutter
speed. On most camera the TV mode allows the
user to change the speed of the shutter closing
making the picture be a longer hold.

19. White Balance
White balance, the process of removing
unrealistic color casts, so that objects which
appear white in person are rendered white in
your photo. Proper camera white balance has to
take into account the "color temperature" of a
light source, which refers to the relative warmth
or coolness of white light.

20. Pixel
Pixels are small squares of lights and colours
that make up most digital pictures. They are the
smallest unit of information that makes up a
picture. Usually round or square, they are
typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.

21. DPI
DPI Means Dots Per Inch, this refers to the
amount of pixels a printer can print. DPI refers
also to how good a picture quality will be, it
makes a image very sharp or somewhat blurry.
A normal printer prints at around 3000 DPI

22. JPEG
JPEG. Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts
Group." JPEG is a popular image file format,
The compression algorithm is lossy, meaning
some image quality is lost during the
compression process. JPEG is on close
quarters with Raw pictures.

23. Raw
RAW is a file format that captures all image data
recorded by the sensor when you take a photo.
When shooting in a format like JPEG image
information is compressed and lost. The
difference between the two is that with raw, it
takes the picture as a person sees it. With JPEG
it tries to brighten it.