The document discusses various types of equipment used in cinematography for both school and industry settings, including camera mounts, cameras, lenses, microphones, and how different frame rates, ISO, aperture, and shutter speeds settings impact video quality. It also covers lighting techniques like three-point lighting, on-camera video lights, outdoor HMI lights, and how to create chiaroscuro effects. Settings, equipment, and lighting are discussed in the context of capturing high quality footage for a film project.

1. z Unit 18
Cinematography
LO1

2. z
Video Voice over

3. z
Types
of cinematography e
quipment in school
Camera mounts
Tri-pod
Gorilla-pod
Dolly
Jib
Fig-rig
Slider mount
Steadicam
Camera's
DSLR Camera's
Drone Camera's
4k Camcorder
Action Camera (Go Pro)
Video Camera
360° Camera
Prosumer Camera
Lens
Wide Lens
Telephoto Lens
Fisheye Lens
Standard Lens
Sound attachments
Lavaliere Microphone
Shotgun Microphone
Boom Microphone
Wireless Microphone

4. z
Types
of cinematography
equipment
In Industry
Camera mounts
Tri-pod
Gorilla-pod
Dolly
Jib
Fig-rig
Slider mount
Steady cam
Camera Crane
Truck Mount
Camera's
DSLR Camera's
Drone Camera's
4k Camcorder
Action Camera (Go Pro)
Video Camera
360° Camera
Prosumer Camera
8k Red Camera
Imax Camera
Phantom flex 4k
Lens
Wide Lens
Telephoto Lens
Fisheye Lens
Standard Lens
Macro Lens
Anamorphic Lens
Short telephoto
Super telephoto
Sound attachments
Lavalier Microphone
Shotgun Microphone
Boom Microphone
Wireless Microphone
Headset Microphone

5. z
Aperture
 The Aperture refers to the opening of the lens diaphragm.
A higher f/stop means less exposure (Light) as the lens
diaphragm is slightly open whereas a lower f/stop means more
exposure (Light) as the lens is more open.

6. z
Shutter speed
 The shutter speed format is usually in 1/1000, 1/250, 1/30, 1/2,
1/4. The higher the bottom number, the faster the shutter speed
is. Shutter speeds are measured in fractions of a second. Higher
shutter speeds means less light enters the lens so with a high
shutter speed a moving object is a lot clearer and visible than
compared to a video shot with low shutter speed

7. z
ISO
 ISO is a camera setting that either brightens or darkens your
video. ISO is useful if you are filming in a dark place as it can be
used to brighten up the video, but it should be used alongside
aperture and shutter speed because if the ISO is too high it can
create lots of grain/noise in your video making it unusable.

8. z
Frames rate
 Different frame rates yield different viewing experiences and choosing a frame rate often means thinking about multiple factors,
such as how realistic you want your video to look or whether you plan to use techniques like slow motion or motion-blur effects.
Most movies (including ours) are filmed at 24 frames per second because it uses less film then shooting 60 frames per second.
In a digital word this does not have the same impact, but in the film, world going from 24 to 60 frames could mean a huge cost in
expenditures. Most animation is created at 12 frames per second it uses less resources while creating a smooth scene.
 24fps is usually best for movies, 30fps is usually best for TV productions (such as news, drama and documentaries) whilst 60fps
is better for sports footage .The DSLR camera did allow us to film up to 60 Frames per second. However, after some research
we decided to film in 24 Frames per second as that would be best for cinematic quality footage.
 The reason sports is filmed at 60fps is so that it is clearer to see, and it'll be more enjoyable for the audience watching and with
film 24fps is used because it creates natural motion blur which is good for cinematic effects.

9. z
Camera mounts
 Tri-pods are useful for a static footage as they are completely
still.
 Dollys are used for smooth video footage.
 Gorilla pods are handheld tri-pods that can be manipulated into
different shapes making it easier to take a video that cannot be
achieved by a tripod.
 Steadicams are good for steady video that you cannot achieve
with a dolly as the camera can still be moved around in all
directions.

10. z
Cameras
The use of camera drones is so
that you can get crisp and clear
aerial footage as drone
technology advances the easier
it is to get better aerial footage,
and this is beneficial in
cinematic video
4k Cam Corders are useful in
cinematic footage because they
are handheld high-quality
cameras and because of this
they can be used of certain
shots that are difficult to get with
regular 4k camera
Action cameras are good for
cinematic scenes where it is
impossible to use a regular
camera such as a POV scene or
if a camera is too big to fit in a
certain and that is why action
cameras such as go pros are so
good as they are light and small
and still have high quality
footage
DSLRs can shoot professional-looking
video, and they're cheaper and more
accessible than your average
professional-level camcorder. ... Each
camera has its pros and cons: Some are
built for low-light shooting, some are very
light, some are easy to use, and a lot of
older DSLRs don't shoot video at all.
360° are good for more
immersive video and interactive
video. 360° field of view so that
it captures just about everything
around the sphere.
360° cameras are needed when
large visual fields need to be
covered, such as shooting
panoramas

11. z
Camera mounts for cinematic footage
 Film maker will use camera mounts to get great shots examples
include a crane mount, Truck mount, slider mount all these
mounts are used for a smooth cinematic finish
 Truck mounts are used for fast action chases that need smooth
footage such as a police chase.
 The crane shot allows the audience to leave a normal point of
view, creating a novel perspective that's inherently cinematic

12. z
Sound equipment
 Lavaliere Microphone are wireless microphones that connect to
a person and can be used separately from the camera.
 A shotgun microphone is a tube that can be mounted on top of a
camera
 A boom microphone is a large handheld microphone that is large
enough to pick up sound but not able to appear in the frame.

13. z
Depth of field
 Depth of field is the distance between the furthest and closest
object that appears sharp. Settings like aperture will affect depth
of field for example a low f stop will stay focused on one object,
but a high f/stop will focus on multiple.

14. z
Lens
Wide angle lenses are
generally used
for scenes where
you want to capture as
much as possible.
Landscapes, cityscapes.
Fisheye lenses are
similar like wide angle
lenses but
are mainly used for
artistic and creative
purposes.
A standard lens, is one
which produces an
image that
roughly matches what
the human eye sees,
and which looks natural
to the viewer.
A telephoto lens increases focal
length. It's most commonly used
to show far away objects with
accurate perspective and with a
level of precise detail that was
once only possible with close-
range photography. A wide
angle lens expands the
horizontal scope of a camera
shot

15. z Unit 18
Cinematography
LO2

16. z
Three-point Lighting
This is the traditional way of lighting an object or person in a scene, Three light
sources are placed around the object or person in a triangular position. This
setup is the best way of getting professional lighting within a product. The
three types of light included in the three-point lighting setting are the .Key
light - The key light is the first and usually most important light that a
photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene
composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to
highlight the form and dimension of the subject Fill light - This light is meant
to fill the remaining unlit space to bring out further detail of the
subject. Back light - Sometimes referred to as a “rim light” or “hair light,” this
final light in the three-point setup is meant to define the outline of the
subject to emphasize three-dimensionality.

17. z
On camera Video lights
 The reason on camera video LED lights are used is
because they are well lit and are easily portable as they
are already attached to the camera and because of this
they are useful as you can get a well-lit video without
having to use a 3-point lighting system as a 3-point lighting
system isn't very portable.
 In our product we used a lot of natural lighting which had
the ability to imitate lighting seen outdoors. We would
make sure we already had access to natural light for
example the sun or a light area in a building

18. z
HMI Outdoor lighting
 HMI is a kind of light that uses an arc lamp to produce light.
They are high-powered lights and are often used to illuminate
outdoor sets. These lights are so bright that they can compete
with the sun's brightness. Usually, they're used to mix with the
sun's light.

19. z
Chiaroscuro
 Use an Artificial Lighting Setup to Create a Chiaroscuro Effect.
Creating an effective chiaroscuro portrait is easier than you may
think. Use a flash with triggers and a light stand if you have them
– and set the shutter very high, to remove any ambient light.
This way the only light recorded is created by the flash. to
achieve this setup, use one light source. Though it is perfectly
acceptable to use multiple light sources, the idea of Chiaroscuro
is to make the image APPEAR to be only be lit from one
source. You must also remember to chooses a location that is
naturally dark, then use one light source close to the subject to
ensure it lights them and their surroundings.

20. z
Different types of lights
 Tungsten lighting Tungsten lighting is a form of incandescent illumination that incorporates pressurized halogen gas. Tungsten lamps operate much like the
filament-based incandescent light bulbs that were, until very recently, the bulb of choice for home lamps and lighting fixtures. Tungsten lights are very cheap and
affordable for amateur filmmakers, plus their balanced colour rendering index allows them to relate the lighting like the human eye. They can be used for Light
interiors and to match domestic places or office locations. Daylight. One simple way to ensure that your tungsten lighting doesn't clash with the natural light is to use
a blue gel over the tungsten light. This will alter the colour of your tungsten bulb to more accurately match the daylight in your image. However, this lighting is best
used in dark or night-time shots as it can create ambience within the scene.
 Florescent Lighting Fluorescent lighting is ideal for food, people/portraits, and plants since it stays cool to the touch, therefore won't melt your subjects! It is the
easiest type of lighting to use when starting up an online business. They emit ultraviolet light and can be used to balance both outdoor and indoor
lighting. Fluorescent film lighting is achieved by laying multiple tubes next to each other, combining as many as you want for the desired brightness. The good news
is you can choose your bulbs to either be warm or cool depending on the scenario you're shooting. You want to get these bulbs close to the subject because they're
not great at opening spaces. Fluorescent lighting is used to light interiors and is more compact and cooler than tungsten or HMI lighting.
 LED lights they generate much less heat than ordinary incandescent lights, as mentioned previously. They also draw much less power than traditional tungsten
lights and HMIs of an equal output rating, making LEDs a natural choice for one shooting on-location. They are extremely portable and easy to use
for beginner filmmakers. LEDs are more and more common on film sets. You can use batteries to power them. That makes them portable and sleek - no messy
cabled needed. You can rig your own panels of LED lights to fit any space necessary as well. LED’s can also power Fresnel style lamp heads such as the Arri L-
series.

21. z
Different types of lights images
Fluorescent Lights
LED Lights
Tungsten Lights

22. z
Examples
 In our Unit 5 Film we used lighting to show a narrative for example we
used light scene to show the good character and dark scenes to show
the bad character
 In our product we utilised a lot of natural lighting which had the ability to
imitate lighting seen outdoors. On the day of filming, we would ensure
that we used the light already available on the location. One example of
this is during scene four in which we used the bright sun to include the
characters shadows with the shot.

23. z Unit 18
Cinematography
LO3

24. z
Settings
 To ensure we achieve cinematic quality footage, We must utilize the settings that are present on the
DSLR, and smartphone camera. We are planning on making our footage darker using the ISO
settings in the camera to match the themes of the story. This will match with the ambient lighting
that we will be using within scenes that feature Ellis's character. This is to show the audience how
his character has become corrupted by the seven personalities. Similarly, scenes that include
Toby's character will be more saturated. Plus, will we use natural lighting, and film specifically when
its sunny, to shower his character in light, to connote to the audience that he is a good person. We
will film our product at a constant 24 frames per second as that will make our product look realistic
enough, while also being less demanding on storage. Using the iPhone 13 camera we will have the
ability to use the new cinematic feature. This will allow us to included depth of field meaning we
could make creative shots that would switch focus from the foreground to the background. Also
using the iPhone camera, we will be able to switch between 1x and 0.5x allowing us to film wide
angle shots for the film. During filming we will use a lot of natural and ambient light as they can be
used to connote the themes in the film such as binary opposition, and also convey the comedic,
horror, and thriller aspects of our film. The ambient lighting, for example, is great at showing the
audience that the scene will be dark and relate to generic convention within horror or thriller films.
 This story board was originally made as a gist of the main events present in the story. Such as
Ellis's character robbing a house, being caught, then getting put into a coma. This scene is showed
in the first three sections of the storyboard at the top. During this scene, we will film at 24fps and
keep the iso at 300, this is because we want to include comedy into the scene, and lower the iso
when Ellis's character appears and attacks Reece's character. We will also include a wider
camera lens to create wide angle shots that include more than one character.

25. z Unit 18
Cinematography
LO4

26. z
Rushes