Johann Zahn designed the first camera in 1685, but the first photograph was taken by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1814. A camera is a lightproof chamber with an aperture and lens that projects the image of an object onto a surface like film. A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens, instead using a small aperture. It creates an inverted image on the opposite side of the box. Pinhole cameras have unlimited depth of field but are not useful for capturing moving objects. Key camera components include the shutter, aperture, and ISO, which controls light sensitivity.

1. camera

2. • Johann Zahn designed the first camera in 1685. But the first
photograph was clicked by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in the
year 1814.
• What is a camera?
• A device that consists of a lightproof chamber with an
aperture fitted with a lens and a shutter through which the
image of an object is projected onto a surface for recording
(as on film) or for translation into electrical impulses (as for
television broadcast)
• A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with
a tiny aperture (the so-called pinhole) – effectively a light-
proof box with a small hole in one side.

3. • Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an
inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as
the camera abscure .
• Advantages of pinhole camera:
• depth of the field camera is unlimited
• Disadvantage:
• Not useful in freezing the action of moving object.
• Components:
• Shutter
• The length of time a camera is open to expose light into the camera sensor
• Shutter speeds are typically measured in fractions of a second like 1/4
means a quarter of a secondsecond
• Sharp effect--fast shutter speed
• Blurr effact--slow shutter

4.  Aperture:
•

5. • International Standards Organization(ISO):
▫ Measures the sensitivity of the sensor ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to available light.
Higher ISO increases light sensitivity.
• To flash or not to flash
• Depth of field
▫ Area of the image that appears in focus from foreground to background
▫ Affected by relative aperture
▫ 3 factors control depth of field
• Distance from the lens to the object
• f/stop being used
• Focal length of the lens
 ISO and depth of field