Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that is widely consumed around the world. It works by reversibly blocking adenosine receptors in the brain. This presentation discusses the sources of caffeine, how it affects the brain, and its physiological effects. Some key points are that caffeine improves alertness by preventing drowsiness, stimulates the autonomic nervous system, and can improve reaction time and concentration at moderate doses. It is absorbed quickly in the stomach and intestine and can be detected in bodily fluids.

1. JAYOTI VIDYAPEETH
WOMEN”S UNIVERSITY
JAIPUR(RAJ).
PRESENTED BY:-
JV’N KEERTI MAHESHWARI
B.PHARM(FINAL YEAR)
CAFFEINE & ITS ANALOGUE
ON THE BRAIN

2. INTRODUCTION
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the
methyl xanthine class.
It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug .
Caffeine counteracts age-related cognitive deficits in
animals.
It reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its
receptor.
Also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic
nervous system

3. WHAT IS CAFFEINE?
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline alkaloid and is
chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of (DNA)
and (RNA).
Source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the
seed of Coffea plants.
Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or
prevent drowsiness and to improve performance.
Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola

4. CAFFEINE AND ITS
ANALOGUE
The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies
from person to person, depending on body size and degree of
tolerance
Effects begin approximately one hour after consumption, and a
moderate dose usually subsides in about three or four hours.[
caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it
generally improves reaction time, arousal, and concentration

5. USES
Broncho pulmonary dysplasia in premature infants for both
prevention and treatment.
It may improve weight gain during therapy and reduce the
incidence of cerebral palsy as well as reduce language and cognitive
delay.
Orthostatic hypotension treatment

6. DRINK CAFFEINE
BREWED COFFEE 134 - 240 mg
ENERGY DRINK 72 - 150 mg
TEA 48-175 mg
SOFT DRINK 22-46 mg
CAFFEINE
COMPARISON
Coffee can contain between 134 and 240 mg of
caffeine per cup.
The caffeine content in one cup (8 ounces) of an
energy drink can range from 72 to 150 mg.

7. CAFFEINE DEFICTS ON
BRAIN
When caffeine is consumed, it antagonizes adenosine receptors;
in other words, caffeine prevents adenosine from activating the
receptor by blocking the location on the receptor where
adenosine binds to it.
As a result, caffeine temporarily prevents or relieves
drowsiness, and thus maintains or restores alertness.

8. HOW IT WORKS?
Absorbed in the stomach and the intestine
Stimulates brain activity
Physiologic effects:
Increase blood pressure
Increase pulse
Increase stomach acid production
Fat stores break down
Fatty acids released into
blood stream

9. CAFFEINE &ENZYME TARGET
Caffeine, like other xanthines, also acts as a phosphodiesterase
inhibitor.
 As a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor caffeine
raises intracellular cAMP, activates protein kinase A, inhibits TNF-
alpha and leukotriene synthesis, and reduceS inflammation and innate
immunity.

Caffeine also affects the cholinergic system where it inhibits the
enzyme acetylcholinesterase

10. OFF-TARGET EFFECTS
 Caffeine antagonizes adenosine A2A receptors in the
ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), thereby reducing inhibitory
GABA neurotransmission to the tuberomammillar nucleus, a
histaminergic projection nucleus that activation-dependently
promotes arousal.
 Disinhibition of the tuberomammillary nucleus is the chief
mechanism by which caffeine produces wakefulness-promoting
effects.

11. DETECTION IN BODY FLUIDS
Caffeine can be quantified in blood, plasma, or serum to monitor
therapy in neonates, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or facilitate a
medicolegal death investigation.
Plasma caffeine levels are usually in the range of 2–10 mg/L in
coffee drinkers, 12–36 mg/L in neonates receiving treatment for
apnea, and 40–400 mg/L in victims of acute overdosage.
Urinary caffeine concentration is frequently measured in
competitive sports programs, for which a level in excess of 15 mg/L
is usually considered to represent abuse

12. REVIEW
Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system which
makes us feel more awake and alert
Energy drinks have a high caffeine and sugar content
Herbal supplements in energy drinks are not regulated and
are not guaranteed safe

13. REFERENCES
Caffeine:
http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/nutrition/general/caff
eine.html
Energy Drinks and Food Bars: Power or Hype?:
http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutritio
n/energy.html
Caffeine Awareness: www.caffeineawareness.org