Cadmium Oxide Fume During Brazing and Soldering Crimping Tool Parts
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Workers repairing crimping tool parts rather than replacing them, were exposed to cadmium oxide fume during soldering and brazing. At-risk workers did not wear respiratory protection or personal protective clothing. These individuals were not informed of the hazards or OSHA requirements relative to the Cadmium Standard. Ventilation was not adequate and personal hygiene issues were a concern. Recommendations were made for improvement.
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Cadmium Oxide Fume During Brazing and Soldering Crimping Tool Parts
- 1. Case Study: OccupationalCase Study: Occupational Exposure to Cadmium OxideExposure to Cadmium Oxide Fume While Brazing andFume While Brazing and Soldering Metal PartsSoldering Metal Parts Copyright © 2000 The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. Prepared by: Bernard L. Fontaine, Jr., CIH, CSP, AIHA Fellow The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc.
- 2. IntroductionIntroduction The firm manufactured precision packaging machine knives and crimpers. Cadmium content in the silver solder ranged between 5 - 24%. Workers were concerned about the emissions from torch brazing and soldering.
- 3. Industrial OperationsIndustrial Operations • Torch Brazing.Torch Brazing. • Soft soldering.Soft soldering. • Manual cutting and abrasive blasting.Manual cutting and abrasive blasting. • Belt sanding.Belt sanding. • Heat treating.Heat treating.
- 4. Torch Brazing OperationTorch Brazing Operation • Temperature of blow torch was approximatelyTemperature of blow torch was approximately 1,6001,600oo F.F. • Melting temperature of cadmium in the silverMelting temperature of cadmium in the silver solder ranged between 1,110solder ranged between 1,110oo F - 1,1170F - 1,1170oo F.F. • Boiling point of cadmium in the silver solderBoiling point of cadmium in the silver solder was 1,409was 1,409oo F.F.
- 5. Occupational Exposure to OtherOccupational Exposure to Other MetalsMetals • Silver.Silver. • Cobalt.Cobalt. • Lead.Lead.
- 6. Method of EvaluationMethod of Evaluation • Pre-calibrate air sampling pumps at 2.0 lpm.Pre-calibrate air sampling pumps at 2.0 lpm. • Collect air samples on 0.8 um mixed celluloseCollect air samples on 0.8 um mixed cellulose ester fiber (MCEF) filters.ester fiber (MCEF) filters. • NIOSH Sampling and Analytical Method 7300.NIOSH Sampling and Analytical Method 7300. • LOD - 5.0 ug-Cd, 1.0 ug-Pb, 0.2 ug-Ag, andLOD - 5.0 ug-Cd, 1.0 ug-Pb, 0.2 ug-Ag, and 1.0 ug-Co.1.0 ug-Co. • Measure hood capture velocity and exhaustMeasure hood capture velocity and exhaust duct velocityduct velocity
- 7. Findings and Observations -Findings and Observations - Personal SamplesPersonal Samples 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 Torch Brazing Soft Solder Cutting Tops Cadmium Cobalt Lead Silver
- 8. Findings and Observations -Findings and Observations - Samples in Welding AreaSamples in Welding Area 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 Torch Brazing Soft Solder Cutting Tops Cadmium Silver Lead
- 9. Suggestions for ImprovementSuggestions for Improvement • Hood face velocity measured 600 ft/min.Hood face velocity measured 600 ft/min. • Average duct velocity 5,200 ft/min.Average duct velocity 5,200 ft/min. • Smoke tubes illustrate turbulent flow at hood.Smoke tubes illustrate turbulent flow at hood. • Inadequate capture efficiency.Inadequate capture efficiency. • Design enclosure for canopy hood.Design enclosure for canopy hood.
- 10. Suggestions for ImprovementSuggestions for Improvement • Medical surveillance program.Medical surveillance program. • Written respirator program.Written respirator program. • Personal protective clothing and equipment.Personal protective clothing and equipment. • Prohibit drinking, eating, and smoking.Prohibit drinking, eating, and smoking. • Establish regulated area for cadmium.Establish regulated area for cadmium.
- 11. Suggestions for ImprovementSuggestions for Improvement • Post warning signs to unauthorized personnel.Post warning signs to unauthorized personnel. • Decontaminate original work space andDecontaminate original work space and building surfaces.building surfaces. • Train and educate workers regarding OSHATrain and educate workers regarding OSHA Cadmium Standard and health effects fromCadmium Standard and health effects from acute and chronic exposures.acute and chronic exposures. • Consider product substitution of the silverConsider product substitution of the silver solder.solder.
- 12. ConclusionsConclusions • Cadmium exposures can exceed OSHA PELCadmium exposures can exceed OSHA PEL during torch brazing and soldering operations.during torch brazing and soldering operations. • Engineering and administrative controlEngineering and administrative control measures are necessary to control exposure.measures are necessary to control exposure. • Workers need to be monitored and informed ofWorkers need to be monitored and informed of the health hazards rather relying on the MSDS.the health hazards rather relying on the MSDS.