Pakistan has made some achievements in the field of education over the years. Literacy rates have increased from 16.4% in 1951 to 57% in 2009, with urban rates higher than rural. Some universities have also risen in world rankings, with 5-6 Pakistani universities now among the top 600 globally. However, challenges remain like low public investment, lack of funding, and administrative issues. Reforms have included free education up to matriculation, scholarships, making English compulsory, and increasing education budgets, but more improvements are still needed to better the educational system.