Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Experimental and numerical analysis of elasto-plastic behaviour of notched sp...IJERA Editor
The objective of the work was to estimate the elasto-plastic stress and strain behaviour at the root of the notch of
an Al 6061 plate undergoing tensile and compressive cyclic loading by both experimental and numerical
methods. This attempt to measured initial elasto-plastic stresses experimentally then verified by numerically.
The various Kt values such as 2, 4 and 6 specimens were subjected to tensile test using a computerised universal
testing machine. Numerical approach associated with body discretization and developed finite element model
with sufficient degree of freedom to analyses elasto-plastic analysis of notched specimen. Experimental results
show that analysis of three Kt notched specimens had similar behaviour of elasto-plastic behaviour but different
magnitude. The experimental results compare well with the numerical results which are obtained during finite
element analysis of notched specimens.
Evaluation of compressive strength of cement using rayleigh’s dimensional ana...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT WITH STOCHASTIC PARAMETERSP singh
The performance of a structure [23] is assessed by its safety [1], serviceability [1] and economy [1]. Since we do not know the exact details of loads [4] acting on a structure at any time, there is always some uncertainty about the total loads on structure. Thus random variables (means stochastic variable) of loads and other parameters are the main criteria of design variables [18]. They vary with space and time. The input variables is never certain and complete. The safety factor provided in the existing codes and standers primarily based on practice, judgment and experience, may not be adequate and economical. Using the techniques presented earlier, we can design or analyze individual members in the contest of structural reliability [2][3][22][24]. However we are not examined how the system performs [23] or how to calculate the reliability of the structure as a whole.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENT USING EVERFE2.24& COMPARISION OF RE...civej
In this study analysis of plain cement concrete pavement was done with 3-D mechanistic FEM computer
programme EVERFE2.24. This programme was developed by Bill David, University of Maine,USA. Rigid
pavement is modelled as a flat slab with DLC as base course and subgrade beneath it.
Stresses in rigid pavement at critical location was calculated due to combined effect of axle load and
environmental factor.These results are compared with IRC58-2015&2002.The disparity between results
are analysed and plotted on graph.
This study finds that stressesgiven by IRC58-2015 is up to 42% less than that given by IRC58-2002, and
stresses given by EverFE2.24 is nearly same as given by IRC58-2002.italso highlighted some issues related
to new code of design i.e. IRC58-2015.
During the last decades, several studies on suspension bridges under wind actions have been developed in civil engineering and many techniques have been used to approach this structural problem both in time and frequency domain. In this paper, four types of time domain techniques to evaluate the response and the stability of a long span suspension bridge are implemented: nonaeroelastic, steady, quasi steady, modified quasi steady. These techniques are compared considering both nonturbulent and turbulent flow wind modelling. The results show consistent differences both in the amplitude of the response and in the value of critical wind velocity.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract. Ensuring of permanent and continuous working process of oil-gas and field equipment alongside with the other factors, depends also on reliability of sealing units. A problem of deterioration modeling of a sealing element of a packer including into an oil field equipment complex is considered in this paper.
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
Hyperelastic material models in finite element analysis of polymersKartik Srinivas
This paper describes the Hyperelastic material models and strain energy functions used in the finite element analysis (FEA) of polymers. Material characterization testing
Size effect of plain concrete beams–an experimental studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The paper analyses the size dependency of the fracture energy (GF) and the effective length of fracture process zone (Cf) of concrete
determined as per the Bazant’s Size effect method and RILEM Work-of-fracture methods. The fracture parameters (GF,Cf) are
determined by measuring the maximum loads of geometrically similar notched plain concrete (M25) specimens of different sizes in a
size ratio of 1:5 with different pre-cast notch depths (a/d=0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) under three point bending through load-deflection
curves. In each notch depth ratio, 15 beams are cast and tested with 03 similar specimens in each size of the beams. Total beams
tested are 45.The variation of both the fracture energy and the effective length of fracture process zone as a function of the specimen
size and notch depth is determined using Bazant’s Size effect method and RILEM Work-of-fracture method. Fracture energy and
Fracture process zone length determined by Size effect method are found to be decreasing with the increasing notch depth ratios.
Fracture energy calculated using Work-of-fracture method is increasing with the increase in size of specimen and decreasing with the
increasing notch depth ratios.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
life prediction analysis of tweel for the replacement of traditional wheelsIjripublishers Ijri
This thesis work is to provide advance level solution for the 4 wheeler wheels to provide unpuncherd and self-shock observed wheels.US defense recently lance honey comb tweels for the military vehicles, this project motto is to evaluate different types of tweels (shaped rims and tyres) to provide best shape and geometry for the tweels for two wheelers. Data collection will be done and literature survey will be done on wheels constriction, wheel materials to understand methodology for new research. Different tweel models will be prepared with the variation in tweel geometry then export into Ansys to conduct analysis work. Fatigue analysis will be done to evaluate total life for different tweels with variation of materials to suggest optimum shape for wheel.
Defect, defect, defect: PROMISE 2012 Keynote Sung Kim
Software prediction leveraging repositories has received a tremendous amount of attention within the software engineering community, including PROMISE. In this talk, I will first present great achievements in defect prediction research including new defect prediction features, promising algorithms, and interesting analysis results. However, there are still many challenges in defect prediction. I will talk about them and discuss potential solutions for them leveraging prediction 2.0.
Experimental and numerical analysis of elasto-plastic behaviour of notched sp...IJERA Editor
The objective of the work was to estimate the elasto-plastic stress and strain behaviour at the root of the notch of
an Al 6061 plate undergoing tensile and compressive cyclic loading by both experimental and numerical
methods. This attempt to measured initial elasto-plastic stresses experimentally then verified by numerically.
The various Kt values such as 2, 4 and 6 specimens were subjected to tensile test using a computerised universal
testing machine. Numerical approach associated with body discretization and developed finite element model
with sufficient degree of freedom to analyses elasto-plastic analysis of notched specimen. Experimental results
show that analysis of three Kt notched specimens had similar behaviour of elasto-plastic behaviour but different
magnitude. The experimental results compare well with the numerical results which are obtained during finite
element analysis of notched specimens.
Evaluation of compressive strength of cement using rayleigh’s dimensional ana...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT WITH STOCHASTIC PARAMETERSP singh
The performance of a structure [23] is assessed by its safety [1], serviceability [1] and economy [1]. Since we do not know the exact details of loads [4] acting on a structure at any time, there is always some uncertainty about the total loads on structure. Thus random variables (means stochastic variable) of loads and other parameters are the main criteria of design variables [18]. They vary with space and time. The input variables is never certain and complete. The safety factor provided in the existing codes and standers primarily based on practice, judgment and experience, may not be adequate and economical. Using the techniques presented earlier, we can design or analyze individual members in the contest of structural reliability [2][3][22][24]. However we are not examined how the system performs [23] or how to calculate the reliability of the structure as a whole.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RIGID PAVEMENT USING EVERFE2.24& COMPARISION OF RE...civej
In this study analysis of plain cement concrete pavement was done with 3-D mechanistic FEM computer
programme EVERFE2.24. This programme was developed by Bill David, University of Maine,USA. Rigid
pavement is modelled as a flat slab with DLC as base course and subgrade beneath it.
Stresses in rigid pavement at critical location was calculated due to combined effect of axle load and
environmental factor.These results are compared with IRC58-2015&2002.The disparity between results
are analysed and plotted on graph.
This study finds that stressesgiven by IRC58-2015 is up to 42% less than that given by IRC58-2002, and
stresses given by EverFE2.24 is nearly same as given by IRC58-2002.italso highlighted some issues related
to new code of design i.e. IRC58-2015.
During the last decades, several studies on suspension bridges under wind actions have been developed in civil engineering and many techniques have been used to approach this structural problem both in time and frequency domain. In this paper, four types of time domain techniques to evaluate the response and the stability of a long span suspension bridge are implemented: nonaeroelastic, steady, quasi steady, modified quasi steady. These techniques are compared considering both nonturbulent and turbulent flow wind modelling. The results show consistent differences both in the amplitude of the response and in the value of critical wind velocity.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract. Ensuring of permanent and continuous working process of oil-gas and field equipment alongside with the other factors, depends also on reliability of sealing units. A problem of deterioration modeling of a sealing element of a packer including into an oil field equipment complex is considered in this paper.
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
Hyperelastic material models in finite element analysis of polymersKartik Srinivas
This paper describes the Hyperelastic material models and strain energy functions used in the finite element analysis (FEA) of polymers. Material characterization testing
Size effect of plain concrete beams–an experimental studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The paper analyses the size dependency of the fracture energy (GF) and the effective length of fracture process zone (Cf) of concrete
determined as per the Bazant’s Size effect method and RILEM Work-of-fracture methods. The fracture parameters (GF,Cf) are
determined by measuring the maximum loads of geometrically similar notched plain concrete (M25) specimens of different sizes in a
size ratio of 1:5 with different pre-cast notch depths (a/d=0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) under three point bending through load-deflection
curves. In each notch depth ratio, 15 beams are cast and tested with 03 similar specimens in each size of the beams. Total beams
tested are 45.The variation of both the fracture energy and the effective length of fracture process zone as a function of the specimen
size and notch depth is determined using Bazant’s Size effect method and RILEM Work-of-fracture method. Fracture energy and
Fracture process zone length determined by Size effect method are found to be decreasing with the increasing notch depth ratios.
Fracture energy calculated using Work-of-fracture method is increasing with the increase in size of specimen and decreasing with the
increasing notch depth ratios.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
life prediction analysis of tweel for the replacement of traditional wheelsIjripublishers Ijri
This thesis work is to provide advance level solution for the 4 wheeler wheels to provide unpuncherd and self-shock observed wheels.US defense recently lance honey comb tweels for the military vehicles, this project motto is to evaluate different types of tweels (shaped rims and tyres) to provide best shape and geometry for the tweels for two wheelers. Data collection will be done and literature survey will be done on wheels constriction, wheel materials to understand methodology for new research. Different tweel models will be prepared with the variation in tweel geometry then export into Ansys to conduct analysis work. Fatigue analysis will be done to evaluate total life for different tweels with variation of materials to suggest optimum shape for wheel.
Defect, defect, defect: PROMISE 2012 Keynote Sung Kim
Software prediction leveraging repositories has received a tremendous amount of attention within the software engineering community, including PROMISE. In this talk, I will first present great achievements in defect prediction research including new defect prediction features, promising algorithms, and interesting analysis results. However, there are still many challenges in defect prediction. I will talk about them and discuss potential solutions for them leveraging prediction 2.0.
Promoting smart solutions for welding-related industry. TOFD calibration blocks by ITMA. Production of defective specimens, and development of welding qualification procedures.
Welding Defects
Eurotech Now inteducing Welding Defects. Welding Defect is any type of flaw in the object which requires welding. Seven type of Welding Defect
Seven type of Common weld defects include:
1. Lack of fusion
2. Lack of penetration or excess penetration
3. Porosity
4. Inclusions
5. Cracking
6. Undercut
7. Lamellar tearing
Any of these defects are potentially disastrous as they can all give rise to high stress intensities which may result in sudden unexpected failure below the design load or in the case of cyclic loading, failure after fewer load cycles than predicted.
Prediction of Fatigue Life of Boom Nose End Casting Using Linear Elastic Frac...IJERA Editor
The main objective of this study is to get the life estimation of Boom nose end casting using theoretical approach and compaired it with finite element method. Therefore, this study consists of three major sections : (1) dynamic load analysis (2) FEM and stress analysis (3) prediction of fatigue life for Boom nose end casting. In this study a dynamic loads were obtained from cyclic loading at different time. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain the variation of stress magnitude at the crack locations. This loads and boundary condition were applied to the FE model in ANSYS. The analysis was carried out for different crack length on the surface area of circle of Boom Nose End Casting. As a result, fatigue life for different crack length on the Boom Nose End Casting is obtained. The main objective of this study is to investigate the fatigue life of Boom Nose End Casting under complex loading conditions. Due to the repeated bending and tensile loading acting, Boom Nose End Casting fails, as cracks forms in surface area of circle. Hence, fatigue plays an important role in Boom Nose End Casting development. Accurate prediction of fatigue life is very important to insure safety of components and its reliability. The Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approach is used to predict the fatigue life of Boom Nose End Casting.
OPTIMIZATION AND FATIGUE ANALYSISOF A CRANE HOOK USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODijmech
Stress analysis plays an important role in the design of structures like crane hook under loading conditions.
Crane hook is a reliable lifting component being used in industries. Structure failure of crane hook occurs
because of the stress induced due to repetitive loading and unloading conditions. In this study, solid
modeling of crane hook having trapezoidal cross-section referring to one of its existing design is done
using SOLIDWORKS. Further, analyses are carried out in ANSYS Workbench and nCode DesignLife. The
lengths of two parallel sides of the cross-section of crane hook are varied and different candidates are
obtained for loading capacity of 30 ton on the basis of Mass, total Displacement and Von-Mises stress.This
is done to reduce weight and balance economy. Further, out of these candidates, best candidates are
considered and fatigue analysis is performed on these candidates.
The Myth of Softening behavior of the Cohesive Zone Model Exact derivation of...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of High Carbon St...IJMER
The present work includes study effect of V notch shape with various angle orientation and
depths on fatigue life behavior in steel beam made of High Carbon Steel alloy AISI 1078 which has a wide
application in industry. Fatigue life of notched specimens is calculated using the fatigue life obtained from
the experiments for smooth specimens (reference) and by use Numerical method (FEA).The fatigue
experiments were carried out at room temperature, applying a fully reversed cyclic load with the
frequency of 50 Hz and mean stress equal to zero (R= -1), on a cantilever rotating-bending fatigue testing
machine. The stress ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. Different instruments have been
used in this investigation like Chemical composition analyzer , Tensile universal testing machine
,Hardness tester , Fatigue testing machine and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results show
that there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works
Fatigue Iife analysis of Aluminum Alloy Sheet Underrandom VibrationIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Based on the analysis method of structural vibration fatigue life, the fatigue failure of an aluminum alloy sheet subjected to random vibration load is studied by using finite element analysis software. By using the finite element software of sheet strength and the first six modes are analyzed, which shows that the model meets the engineering requirements; secondly, the vibration fatigue life in frequency domain method Dirlik rain flow distribution model based on the Dirlik formula of fatigue damage and fatigue life of the plates is studied and estimated. The results show that the thin plate satisfies the demand of life under random vibration.
This paper addresses the fracture toughness ( ), or also known as critical stress intensity Factor, according to
conditions of Lineal Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The characterization of the mechanical properties in
tensile and fracture toughness of structural steel pipes API-5L used in hydrocarbons transportation was
performed. For fracture toughness, the material was tested through fatigue crack propagation on standardized
compact specimen (CT) according to ASTM E-399 norm. A thickness (B) equal to and a crack size (a) equal
to 0.5w were used. With the porpoise of establishing the adequate conditions at the crack tip, the specimens were
subjected to fatigue pre-cracking by application of repeated cycles of load in tensile-tensile and constant load
amplitude with a load ratio of R = 0.1. The experimental Compliance method was used based on data obtained
from load vs. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD). The results show a Stress Intensity factor of 35.88
MPa√m for a 25 mm crack size specimen. The device used for testing is a MTS-810 machine with capacity of
100KN and 6 kHz sampling rate, which meets the conditions of the ASTM E-399 standard. The cracking
susceptibility of steel is influenced by the size, morphology and distribution of non-metallic inclusions,
thermochemical interaction with the environment and microstructure.
Study of Damage to ABS Specimens Submitted To Uniaxial Loadingtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Idealized solid propellant is models is analysed for thick sphere subjected to internal
pressure, whose casing is made of composite materials,. Results obtained from present
elements are compared with analytical results and 8 noded counterpart of MARC. Solid
Rocket Motor (SRM) is developed based on casting method where solid propellant grains
are cast into a composite or metallic casing. Generally, SRMs are exposed to extreme
loading scenarios during storage, transportation, and firing, leading to cracks in the solid
propellants. In this paper, Computational Finite Element Analysis is performed with
developed 8 node quadrilateral, 9 node quadrilateral and 6 node triangular elements
using Herrmann formulation to analyze stress and strain variations in the mid segments
of the typical SRM subjected to pressure loading. The obtained results are compared with
commercially available Finite element software
We conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the atomistic edge crack vacancy interactions in graphene. We demonstrate that the crack tip stress field of an existing crack in graphene can be effectively tailored (reduced by over 50% or increased by over 70%) by the strategic placement of atomic vacancies of varied shapes, locations, and orientations near its tip. The crack vacancy interactions result in a remarkable improvement (over 65%) in the fracture strength of graphene. Moreover, at reduced stiffness of graphene, due to a distribution of atomic vacancies, a drastic difference (~60%) was observed between the fracture strengths of two principal crack configurations (i.e. armchair and zigzag). Our numerical simulations provide a remarkable insight into the applicability of the well-established continuum models of crack microdefect interactions for the corresponding atomic scale problems. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of atomic vacancies in close proximity to the crack tip leads to a multiple stage crack growth and, more interestingly, the propagating cracks can be completely healed even under a significantly high applied tensile stress level (~5 GPa). Our numerical experiments offer a substantial contribution to the existing literature on the fracture behavior of two dimensional nanomaterials.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Design, Analysis and weight optimization of Crane Hook: A Reviewijsrd.com
Crane hook are highly liable component and are always subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount of stress which can eventually lead to its failure .In this present work, to study the different design parameter & stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition for different cross section, the design and drafting of crane hook will be prepared by using ANSYS 14.5. By finite element analysis, the stress which is to be formed in various cross section are compared with design calculation .The stress concentration factors are used in strength and durability evaluation of structure and machine element. In this work and also we observe the parameter that affects the weight reduction.
Similar to Numerical modeling of the welding defect influence on fatigue life of the weld bead with analyzing residual stress effects (20)
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...inventy
The objective of this paper was to investigate experimentally the effect of Evaporative-cooled condenser in a household refrigerator. The experiment was done using HCF134a as the refrigerant. The performance of the household refrigerator with air-cooled and Evaporative-cooled condenser was compared for different load conditions. The results indicate that the refrigerator performance had improved when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser on all load conditions. Evaporativecooled condenser reduced the energy consumption when compared with the air-cooled condenser. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when evaporative-cooled condenser was used instead of air-cooled condenser. The Evaporative cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser by making drop wise condensation using water and forced circulation over the condenser. From the experimental analysis it is observed that the COP of evaporative cooled system increased by 13.44% compared to that of air cooled system. So the overall efficiency and refrigerating effect is increased. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, the system is much useful for domestic purpose. This study also revealed that combining a evaporative cooled system along with conventional water cooled system under the condition that the defrost water obtained from the freezer is used for drop wise condensation over condenser and water cooled condensation of the condenser at the bottom using remaining defrost water would reduce the power consumption, work done and hence further increase in refrigerating effect of the system. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuelsinventy
This research work takes in to account of corrosiveness test on various aviation fuels in the state of Telengana (India). The purpose of this experiment is to determine the corrosiveness test of fuels. This determination will be accomplished by using copper strip corrosion test by using the copper strip experiment we can determine the corrosive property of the fuel and hence the efficiency of fuel. The research covers the importance of knowing the corrosive property of different petroleum fuels including aviation turbine fuel.
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...inventy
A series of the differential identities connecting velocities, pressure and body force in the twovelocity hydrodynamics equations with equilibrium of pressure phases in reversible hydrodynamic approximation is obtaned.
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...inventy
People’s lives are increasingly centred on work; they spend at least one-third of their time within the organisations that employ them. Investigating the factors that interfere with employees’ well-being and the organisational environment is becoming an increasing concern in organisations. This article identifies the criteria of the quality of life (QoL), quality of working life (QWL) and organisational climate instruments to point out their similarities. For bibliographic construction and data research, articles were sought in national and international journals, books and dissertations/articles in SciELO, Science Direct, Medline and Pub Med databases. The results show direct relationships amongst QoL, QWL and organisational climate instruments. The relationship between QoL and QWL instruments is based on fair compensation, social interaction, organisational communication, working conditions and functional capacity. QWL and organisational climate instruments are related through social interaction and interfaces. QoL and organisational climate instruments are related based on social interaction, organisational communication, and work conditions.
A Study of Automated Decision Making Systemsinventy
The decision making process of many operations are dependent on analysing very large data sets, previous decisions and their results. The information generated from the large data sets are used as an input for making decisions. Since the decisions to be taken in day to day operations are expanding, the time taken for manual decision making is also expanding. In order to reduce the time, cost and to increase the efficiency and accuracy, which are the most important things for customer satisfaction, many organisations are adopting the automated decision making systems. This paper is about the technologies used for automated decision making systems and the areas in which automated decisions systems works more efficiently and accurately.
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...inventy
The mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation of β-form L-glutamic acid was deeply investigated in cooling crystallization. The present study found that the β-form crystals were epitaxially grown on the α-form crystals and they were preferably crystallized on the (011) and (001) surfaces instead of the (111) surfaces of α- form crystals. This result was explained via the molecular simulation. The molecular simulation indicated that the different surfaces of α-form crystals provided different functional groups, resulting in different sites for the heterogeneous nucleation of β-form crystals. Here, the functional group were COO- , C=O and O-H on the (011) and (001) surfaces of α-form crystals, respectively, while it was the NH3 + on the (111) surfaces of α-form crystals. As such, the degree of lattice matching (E) between the β-form crystals and the various surfaces of α- form crystal was distinguished, where the degree of lattice matching (E) between the β-form crystals and the (011), (001) and (111) surfaces of α-form crystal were estimated as 5.30, 5.25 and 2.39, respectively, implying that the (011) and (001) surfaces of α-form crystal were more favorable to generate the heterogeneous nucleation of β-form crystals than the (111) surfaces of α-form crystal
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...inventy
In recent decades, polymers have undergone a remarkable historical development and their use has been greatly imposed by gradually dethroning most of the secular materials. These polymer materials have always distinguished themselves by their simple shaping and inexpensive price, their versatility, lightness, and chemical stability but despite their massive use in everyday life as well as in advanced technologies. Generally, these materials still not understood which requires a thorough knowledge of their chemical, physical, rheological and mechanical properties. This paper, we study the mechanical behavior of an amorphous polymer: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene “ABS” by means of uniaxial tensile testing on pierced test pieces with different notch lengths ranging between 1 to 14mm.The proposed approach consists in analyzing the evolution of the global geometry of the obtained strain curves by taking into account the zones and characteristic points of these curves as well as the effect of the damage on the mechanical behavior of the polymer ABS, in order to visualize the evolution of the damage by a static model
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...inventy
: The model of Kennelly between distance (Dlim) and exhaustion time (tlim) has been applied to the individual performances of 19 elite endurance runners (World-record holders and Olympic winners) from P. Nurmi (1920-1924) to M. Farah (2012) whose individual best performances on several different distances are known. Kennelly’s model (Dlim = k tlim ) can describe the individual performances of elite runners with a high accuracy (errors lower than 2 %). There is a linear relationship between parameters k and exponents of the elite runners and the extreme values correspond to S. Coe (k = 15.8; = 0.851) and E. Zatopek (k = 6.57; = 0.984). Exponent can be considered as a dimensionless index of aerobic endurance which is close to 1 in the best endurance runners. If it is assumed than maximal aerobic speed can be maintained 7 min in elite endurance runners, exponent is equal to the normalized critical speed (critical speed/maximal aerobic speed) computed from exhaustion times equal to 3 and 12.5 min in these runners.
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...inventy
In this project, a failure monitoring system is developed by using the vibration and location information of balises in railway signaling. A lot of field equipment in railway are loosening and broken in time period so that they need maintenance due to the vibrations that occur due to high speed trains traffic and railway vehicles impact. Among the field equipment, balises have very important role of communication in terms of transmitting information to trains. In this scope, it is aimed to make maintenance works more efficient, have no delayed trains, detect previously failure location and intervene in failure timely, by detecting and controlling balise cases such as loosening, out of place and the data consistency error that happens because of balise physical state. In this project, the communication is provided with I2C, Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) and RS485 standards by using Arduino Uno cards and MPU6050 IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors in laboratory. Each used sensors are in slave mode and computer interface designed with C# is in master mode. Fault situations in the system are checked instant by the interface. (it is assumed to mount the IMU sensor and the Arduino circuit on the balise) it is seen that the interface responds to the sensor movements instant and the system works well in the end of test processes.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
The study assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem using the case of IGGRs. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying the strategies used for natural resources management; examining the impacts of those strategies; examining the hindrances of the identified strategies; and lastly, examining the methods for scaling up the performance of strategies used for natural resources in the study area. The study involved two villages among 31 villages bordering IGGRs where in each village; at least 5% of the households were sampled. Both Primary data and secondary data were collected and analyzed both manually and computer by using SPSS software. The study revealed that, study population ranked IGGRs performance on protection of natural resources, especially on conserving wildlife for future generation and in reducing poaching to be good(53.3%). In addition, the relationship with IGGRs was said to be considerable good (46.7%). In the aspect of reducing poaching, the findings show that poaching has been reduced by 96.2% from 2009 to 2012. Furthermore, 81.4% of respondents said they use different strategies to control loss of natural resources which in turn has considerably improved the relationship between protected areas and the surrounding communities in some of the aspects. Despite of above successes, the study findings has revealed a number of challenges that hinders the full attainment of conservation objectives. Among the challenges are loss of life and properties (86.4%), shortage of water for livestock (68.9%) since water sources such as Grumeti and Rubana rivers are within protected area while the adjacent local communities do not have a free access to those water sources. Other challenges especially on the IGGRs management include insufficient fund base, working facilities and inadequate staffs. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that the strategies used for natural resources management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem is fairly sustainable and need functional participatory approaches of local people and other stakeholders in order to bring about a collaborative natural resources management network in the ecosystem. Furthermore, based on the findings above, equity in benefit sharing accrued from natural resource management in protected areas, more financial support to IGGRs and local community, the use of non-lethal deterrents for crop protection, integration of croplivestock production systems, adoption of land use plans as a solution to land conflicts, strengthens of community based conservation (CBC), adoption of modern information technology such as geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing are recommended.
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...inventy
This study is taken from data of commercial fishing of the little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) caught in the Algerian coast, sampled between november 2011 and april 2016. Data were collected in order to determine size distributions of the population and biometric relationships of species including the size - weight relationships. A total of 601 fish ranged from 30.9 and 103 cm fork length (FL) were observed. The size distribution of Euthynnus alletteratus shows multiple modal values witch the most important cohort corresponds to the age class 2 (42-46 cm). The value of the allometric coefficient (b) of the FL/TW relationship is lower than 3, indicating a negative allometric growth.
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...inventy
Industrial polluting effluents containing heavy metals are of serious environmental concern in India. Chromium is frequently used in industries like electroplating, metal finishing, cooling towers, dyes, paints, anodizing and leather tanning and is found as traces in effluents finding their way to natural water bodies causing hazardous toxicity to the health of humans, animals and aquatic lives directly or indirectly. Many methods for the removal of Chromium such as chemical reduction, precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical reduction, evaporation, reverse osmosis and adsorption using activated carbon etc. have been reported but all being expensive and complicated to operate. Experimental practices reveal that adsorption by agricultural and horticultural wastes are quite simple, inexpensive and efficient method. Agra is famous for Potato farming, a lot of discarded potato waste from cold storages is thrown along road side drains causing solid waste generated which either creates solid waste disposal problem or otherwise it finds way to Yamuna river resulting high BOD and posing a serious threat to the aquatic environment. For developing countries like India adsorption studies using discarded potato (Solanum tuberosum) waste from cold storages (DPWC) a solid waste as low cost adsorbent for Chromium removal was dual beneficial i.e., an ideal solution to these solid wastes disposal problem of Agra and removal of Chromium from tannery effluents and thereby saving aquatic life from Chromium contamination in Yamuna river. Keeping this in view batch experiments were designed to study the feasibility of discarded potato waste from cold storages to remove chromium (VI) from the aqueous solutions. During the study various affecting parameters, such as pH, adsorbent does, initial concentration, temperature, contact time, adsorbent grain size and start up agitation speed were optimized as 5.0, 10-20 g/l, 50 mg/l, 250C, 135 minutes, average size and 80 rpm respectively on chromium removal efficiency. Various Isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin also fitted suitably and various corresponding constants determined from these Isotherms favor and support the adsorption. Thermodynamic constants ∆G, ∆H and ∆S were found to be 0.267 KJ/mole, 0.288 KJ/mole and 0.0013 KJ/mole respectively.
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...inventy
The effect of various external (temperature, electric field, light) and intracrystalline (doping, initial resistivity) factors on the mobility of carriers in layered n-InSe semiconductor experimentally have been investigated. Scientific explanations of the results are proposed
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbineinventy
This study is to carry out a transient flow field analysis on the condition that the wind turbine is working to generate turbine, the wind turbine operating conditions change over time, Purpose of this study is try to find out the rule from the wind turbine changing over time . In transient analysis, the wind velocity on inlet boundary and rotation speed in the rotor field will change over time, and an analytical process is provided that can be used for future reference. At present, the wind turbine model is designed on the concept of upwind horizontal axis type. The computer engineering software GH Bladed is used to obtain the relationship between the rotor velocity and the wind turbine. Then the ANSYS engineering software is used to calculate the stress and strain distribution in the blades over time. From the analytical result, the relationship between the stress distribution in the blades and the rotor velocity is got to be used as a reference for future wind turbine structural optimization.
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...inventy
Wind tunnel tests are being performed routinely around the world for designing tall buildings but the advent of powerful computational tools will make time-history analysis for wind more common in near future. As the duration of wind storms ranges from tens of minutes to hours while earthquake durations are typically less than a three to four minutes, the choice of a time step size (Δt) for wind studies needs to be much larger both to reduce the computational time and to save disk space. As the error in any numerical solution of the equation of motion is dependent on step size (Δt), careful investigations on the choice of numerical integration methods for wind analyses are necessary. From a wide variety of integration methods available, it was decided to investigate three methods that seem appropriate for 3D-time history analysis of tall buildings for wind. These are modal time history analysis, the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) method or α-method with α=- 0.1, and the Newmark method with β=0.25 and γ=0.5 ( i.e., trapezoidal rule). SAP2000, a common structural analysis software tool, and a 64-story structure are used to conduct all the analyses in this paper. A boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) pressure time history measured at 120 locations around the building envelope of a similar structure is used for the analyses. Analyses performed with both the HHT and Newmark-method considering P-delta effects show that second order effects have a considerable impact on both displacement and acceleration response. This result shows that it is necessary to account P-delta effect for wind analysis of tall buildings. As the direct integration time history analysis required very large computation times and very large computer physical memory for a wind duration of hours, a modal analysis with reduced stiffness is considered as a good alternative. For that purpose, a non-linear static analysis of the structure with a load combination of 1.0D + 1.0L is performed in SAP2000 and the reduced stiffness of the structure after the analysis is used to conduct an eigenvalue analysis to extract the mode shapes and frequencies of this structure. Then the first 20- modes are used to perform a modal time history analysis for wind load. The result shows that the responses from modal analysis with “20-mode (reduced stiffness)” are comparable with that from the P-Δ analyses of Newmark-method
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluationinventy
Electricity demand in Saudi Arabia is steadily increasing as electrical loads grows at a rate of about 7% per year, this represents a high rate by all standards, and largely due to population growth, as well as due to government subsidies which may lead to prices much lower than actual production cost. This growth represents a challenge that requires Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) to invest huge amounts of money every year, for the construction of additional generation capacity along with the reinforcement of transmission network to meet the consumption growth.Also the demand varies frequently throughout the day, causing a waste of a large part of the energy. SEC believes the optimum solution lies in altering the load shape in order to have a better balance between customer’s consumption and SEC’s generation, This paper describes the method for improving the power system reliability by shifting the portion of peak load to off-peak periods This load management scheme can be achieved by lifting the generation during off peak periods and utilizing the stored energy during peak periods. A hybrid set up involving solar and wind energy along with batteries can also be used to store energy and utilize it during peak periods.
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generationinventy
In this paper, the experience of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) in analyzing the generation adequacy for Year 2013 is presented. This analysis is conducted by calculating several reliability indices for Riyadh system hourly load during all four seasonal periods. The reliability indices are gauged against the international utility practice. SEC also plans to introduce renewable energy into the network in order to secure the environmental standards and reduce fuel costs of conventional generation. Thus, the reliability improvement due to different integration levels of Solar and Wind generating sources has also been investigated. The capacity value provided by these variable renewable energy sources (VERs) to reliably meet the system load has been calculated using effective load carrying capability (ELCC) technique with a loss of load expectancy metric.
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...inventy
The capacitors are increasingly being used as energy storage devicesin various power systems. The scientists of the world are tryingto maximize the electrical capacity of the supercapacitors. To achieve this purpose, numerous method sare used: the surface activation of electrodes, the surface etching using the electronbeam, the electrode etching with variousgasplasma, etc. The purpose of this work is toresearch how the properties of carbon electrodes depend on the plasma parameters at whichtheywere formed. The largest surface area ofcarbonelectrodeof47.25m2 /gis obtainedat 15 ofAr/C2H2gasratio. Meanwhile, theSEMimages show that the disruption of structures with low bond energies and the formation of new onesare taking place when the carbon electrodes are etched at acetylene plasma and placed on carbon electrode. The measurements of capacitance showthat capacitors with affectedelectrodes have about10-15% highercapacity than those not treated with acetyleneplasma.
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezerinventy
In general cases the refrigerator could be converted into an air conditioner by attaching a fan. Thus a cooler as well as freezer is obtained in a single set up. The freezer can be converted to an air conditioner when the outside air is allowed to flow beside the cooling coil and is forced outside by an exhaust fan. In this case a mini scale cooler cum freezer using R134a as refrigerant was fabricated and tested In our mini project work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a mini cooler cum freezer. From the observations and calculations, the results of mini cooler cum freezer are obtained and are compared.
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin filmsinventy
We have successfully grown MnGeP2 thin films on GaAs (100) substrate. A ferromagnetic transition near 320 K has been observed by temperature dependent magnetization and resistance measurements. Field dependent magnetization experiments have shown that the coercive fields at 5, 250, and 300 K are 3870, 1380 and 155 Oe, respectively. Magnetoresistance and Hall measurements have displayed that hole conduction is dominant in MnGeP2. PACS: 75.50.Pp, 75.70.-i, 85.70.-w, 73.50.-h
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Metaverse and AI: how can decision-makers harness the Metaverse for their...Jen Stirrup
The Metaverse is popularized in science fiction, and now it is becoming closer to being a part of our daily lives through the use of social media and shopping companies. How can businesses survive in a world where Artificial Intelligence is becoming the present as well as the future of technology, and how does the Metaverse fit into business strategy when futurist ideas are developing into reality at accelerated rates? How do we do this when our data isn't up to scratch? How can we move towards success with our data so we are set up for the Metaverse when it arrives?
How can you help your company evolve, adapt, and succeed using Artificial Intelligence and the Metaverse to stay ahead of the competition? What are the potential issues, complications, and benefits that these technologies could bring to us and our organizations? In this session, Jen Stirrup will explain how to start thinking about these technologies as an organisation.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
Numerical modeling of the welding defect influence on fatigue life of the weld bead with analyzing residual stress effects
1. Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science
Vol.4, Issue 10 (October2014), PP 11-18
Issn (e): 2278-4721, Issn (p):2319-6483, www.researchinventy.com
11
Numerical modeling of the welding defect influence on fatigue life of the weld bead with analyzing residual stress effects 1Hamza KHATIB, 2Khalifa MANSOURI, 2Bachir Salhi, 1Abderrahmane Yeznasni 1(Laboratory of Physics, Condensed Matter and renewable energy, university of Science and Technology Mohammedia. Casablanca, Morocco) 2(Laboratory of Signals, Distributed Systems and Artificial Intelligence, ENSET Mohammedia) ABSTRACT - The main objective of this work is to modeling the effect of welding defects on the fatigue strength of the weld bead with taking residual stresses into account. Throughout this paper, we will present in the first part two principal approaches to predicting the stress concentration effects on the fatigue life duration, calculation methods based on each approach will be analyzed at the end of this part to determine the limitations and conditions of using each method. In the second part of this paper, we present our model based on the volumetric method to predict the fatigue life in the presence of defect in the surface of the weld bead. In the defect vicinity, the stress field distribution will be obtained with an elastoplastic material behavior, this distribution will be operated thereafter in a comparative study by introducing residual stress to illustrate the effect of the presence of these stresses on the fatigue life calculated with volumetric method. KEYWORDS - Nonlinear modeling, notch reduction factor, residual stress, volumetric method, welding defect
I. INTRODUCTION
During their life cycle, metallic structures are subjected to cyclic loads with significant frequency, this significantly reduces the fatigue life of the components such as railroad lines and bridges. On structures subjected to static loads, welding defect is tolerated below a limit size [1]. In the case of cyclic loading, the defect is unacceptable, these discontinuities are an area of stress concentration producing crack nucleation which can spreads out to the full fracture. New techniques for non-destructive testing is used to obtain critical information about the defect location and the geometric parameters, determining the defect influence on the fatigue life of the weld provide an answer on the impact of each defect detected and also provide criteria to accept defects in case of impact that will not change the desired performance of the weld.
II. MECHANICAL FATIGUE AND APPROACHES TO PREDICT LIFE DURATION UNDER CYCLIC LOADING
Evaluating the influence of welding defect on the fatigue strength can be done by considering à problem of fatigue in the presence of stress concentration. These coupled problem present difficulties to estimate the life duration, calculating this value by conventional method give different results compared with experimentations [6]. In the literature, there are many models based on approaches developed from observations of experimental results. We note at this stage that the calculation models developed from these approaches are limited to specific loading conditions that must be checked before. The fatigue life of a mechanical element cannot be evaluated by a single approach since it is divided into two main phases, the first phase is more significant [2] called fatigue life that begins with the non cracked state of the material and ends with the appearance of micro crack in the order of 1mm, this duration is analyzed with mechanical fatigue tools (S-N curve).The second phase is analyzed with linear fracture mechanics tools which allow finding the required number of cycle before failure by considering the initial parameters of the micro crack and loading intensity. This article will discuss the problem of welding defects analyzed with fatigue tools to calculate the predominant part of weld bead life.
a. Stress concentration effect on fatigue life
Using the maximum stress obtained by the stress concentration factor on the Wöhler curve to predict the fatigue life of notched components does not provide same results as that obtained experimentally, a new physical value called effective stress was introduced, it is this calculated stress that allow to predicts the fatigue strength by comparing it to the strength limit of the material [2] [3]. Effective stress replacing the maximum stress is calculated based on the distribution of the stress field in the notch vicinity, Similarly to determination the maximum stress by stress concentration factor (Kt), determination of the effective stress can be done by calculating the (Kf) factor, called fatigue reduction factor which is expressed by the ratio between the two loading generating same life duration (N) [3]:
2. Numerical modeling of the welding…
12
e
l
f K
(1)
Where (σl) is the nominal load applied on a smooth specimen and resulting (N) cycle to fatigue failure, and (σe)
the nominal load applied on the notched specimen generating the same number of cycle (N) to fatigue failure. In
general, the fatigue reduction factor is less than the stress concentration factor and the relationship between
these two factors is expressed by the sensitivity factor q [3].
1
1
t
f
K
K
q (2)
b. Approaches based on the notch effect in the prediction of the fatigue lifetime
The models based on this approach consider that the decrease in life time caused by notch depending
on geometric parameters of the notch, these models are developed from experimental results that show an effect
of reinforcement provided by notch under cyclic loading, this give a value of Kf lower than the coefficient of
static stress concentration Kt. the calculation of Kf can be done by considering the nominal applied load and
stress at a particular point in the vicinity of the notch or average stress observed in reinforced area.
σeff
d
Y
X
ρ
σYY max
σN
σN
Figure .1. Notch geometry and load applied
Neuber’s Model [4] :
fatigue Life duration obtained experimentally is greater than that obtained by considering the maximum stress
observed, Neuber justify this observation by the micro-support effect, this effect was described by calculating
the average stress on reinforced area on very short distance (micro-support length ρ*) in the vicinity of circular
notch with radius ρ.
The average stress can be calculated by integration where the quantity ρ* is known. In order to avoid the
analytical integral calculus, Neuber has developed a direct method of calculation to determine a fictitious notch
radius (ρf), the maximum stress at this fictitious notch is exactly the same as the average stress. Expression of
the (ρf) is given by equation (3), where (ρ) is the notch radius and (s) is the micro-support factor:
*
s f
(3)
Therefore, determination of the fatigue strength requires the two factors s and ρ *. A large number of
experimental work show that the extent of the micro-support area ρ * is closely related to the material properties
(yield strength σY0,2), while the factor s is related to the geometry of the notch (the notch of radius ρ, and the
opening angle α) (figure 2).
(a) (b)
Figure. 2.
(a) : Evolution of micro-support distance as function of the material properties
(b) : Evolution of support factor as function of notch geometric properties
3. Numerical modeling of the welding…
13
Another form of these results [5] joins the fatigue reduction factor Kf in relation with the stress concentration
factor, material properties and the notch radius:
n
t
f
a
K
K
1
1
1 (4)
Figure.3. Neuber factor as function of tensile strength
Where (an) is the coefficient that depend of the material behavior and (Kt) is the stress concentration factor.
Peterson model [5] :
In developing his model, Peterson suggest that the stress that affect the fatigue life is located in a point away
from a notch tip with distance (d), this distance is characterized by the fact that the fatigue fracture appears
when the stress at this distance exceed the endurance limit of the material.
yy D ( d ,0 ) (5)
Area between the notch tip and point at the distance (d) can be assimilated as a reinforcement area discussed
before in the Neuber’s Model, this area can resist to the crack nucleation even if the stress at the notch tip
exceed the endurance limit, PETERSON consider that the nature of the material has a large influence on the
extent of this area. We note that the expression of the stress reduction factor developed in this model is obtained
by considering the assumption of a perfectly linear material behavior, this expression is given as a function of
the geometrical parameter of the notch but also depending on the material and the stress concentration
coefficient.
p
t
f
a
K
K
1
1
1 (6)
Where (Kt) is the stress concentration factor, (ap) is the parameter characterizing the material and (ρ) the notch
radius, The Kt value can be deduced by finite element method whereas the (ap) coefficient may be obtained by
the following expression using ultimate tensile strength (Rm):
1,8
270
Rm
a p (7)
c. Approach based on the gradient effect - Volumetric method
Gradient effect:
The recent development in fatigue calculation (stress field intensity method, volumetric method ...) was
motivated by experimental results showed that the fatigue life is not influenced by the presence or absence of a
geometric notch, but a more general effect which can be summarized in the variations of stress in the notch
vicinity in the area of crack initiation, the effect of the stress variation on the fatigue life is known as the
gradient effect. Experimental work of Palin-Luc [6] showed the effect of the gradient, they were carried out on
smooth fatigue specimens (Figure-4), a part of these test specimens were subjected to cyclic tensile stresses,
another family to rotating bending load. The tests are conducted to find the endurance limit in each case by
imposing the number of cycles to failure (between 106 and 107). The results obtained by Palin-Luc are grouped
for different materials in Table-1.
(a) (b)
Figure .4.
(a) : Tensile-compressive fatigue load
(b) : Rotating-bending fatigue load
4. Numerical modeling of the welding…
14
Table 1: Experimental results under tensile-compression and rotating bending load.
Alloy
Endurance limit in tension
compression -1 (MPa)
Endurance limit in rotating
bending f-1 (MPa)
Proportional variation
between -1 and f-1 (%)
Steel 30NCD16 560 658 17,5
Cast iron XC18 273 310 13,6
Cast iron GS61 245 280 14,3
Steel 35CD4 558 581 4,1
These results are obtained on smooth test specimen with identical geometry and were subjected to the same
maximum tensile stress, it can be concluded from this results the influence of stress variation created by bending
load on the fatigue life.
Volumetric method [10]:
The volumetric method is based on the relative stress gradient (χ) to calculate the fatigue reduction factor Kf,
Calculus start with a particular finite element analysis to determine the elastic-plastic stress field near the notch
tip, the numerical results of this analysis are used to obtain the evolution of the stress gradient. The Kf factor is
calculated as the ratio between the average effective stress (σeff) and the nominal load applied (σn), the
effective stress is calculated by integrating the opening stress multiplied by weight function, the integration area
is limited in a cylindrical volume, the diameter of the volume is located between the notch tip and the point
where the relative stress gradient is minimum.
dx
d σ (x)
σ (x)
1
χ(x)
yy
yy
Stress relative gradient (8)
( x ) 1 x ( x ) Weight function (9)
eff X
yy
eff
eff x x dx
X
0
( ) 1
1
Effective stress (10)
Fatigue reduction factor can be calculated as below:
eff X
yy
n eff
f x x dx
X
K
0
( ) 1
1
(11)
Where (Xeff) is the extent of the fatigue process area, σyy (x) is the crack opening stress.
III. MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF THE DEFECT ON FATIGUE LIFE IN THE
PRESENCE OF RESIDUAL STRESSES.
In this section, we will carry out a model to estimate the impact of the porosity defects on the fatigue strength of
a weld bead with residual stresses. This defect is modeled by a semi-spherical discontinuity, the influence of this
singularity on the fatigue strength will be carried out by calculating the fatigue reduction factor (Kf). This
influence will be studied by determining (Kf) in the presence and absence of residual stress to illustrate the
impact of these stresses on the fatigue strength of the weld bead.
a. Geometric description of analyzed model
The considered model is a butt welding of two plates. The thickness of the plates is 6 mm and the width
of the weld bead is set equal to 10mm. porosity defect is present on the surface of the weld, the radius is set to 1
mm (Figure-5).
(a) 750
10
600
e=6mm
Vx=3mm/s
X
Y
(b)
R=1
6
σn
Y
Z
Figure.5.:
(a) Overview of the surface of the two plates
(b): Local geometry of weld defect and direction of applied load
5. Numerical modeling of the welding…
15
b. Numerical finite element analysis of the stress field due to the applied load Mechanical properties
of the material:
The material used is a structural steel [8], the stress field analysis will be conducted by ANSYS code by
adopting an elastic-plastic material behavior [12], that due to the opening stress (σyy) intensification at the notch
tip and the presence of residual stresses.
Table 2: mechanical Properties of the used material
Mechanical proprieties Parameters of Ludwik model
Yield strenght
Re (MPa)
Tensile strength
Rm (MPa)
YOUNG modulus
E (GPa)
Hardening exponent
n'
Hardening Coefficient
K’
312 500 186 0,163 1053 MPa
The mechanical properties of the material are listed in Table-2. These parameters will be used to plot the
material behavior under tensile stress by the following expression to approach the plastic behavior in the
nonlinear area:
0 ,163
1
3
'
1
' 186 10 1053
E K x
n
(12)
Load application and numerical solution:
After building the model geometry and defining the material properties, the geometry is meshed with refining
the size of the elements near the notch tip, the area on which our study is focused requires a good accuracy of
the stress results, these values constituting the main data to determine the (Kf) by the volumetric approach. The
applied load will be a tensile load (σn) of 150 MPa applied along the (Y) axis (Figure-5).
(a) (b)
Figure . 6. :
(a) Meshed geometry;
(b): Results of calculating the distribution of the crack opening stress (σyy).
Solving the nonlinear problem will be carried out by an iterative algorithm that takes into account the plastic
behavior of the material. In order to avoid any divergence problem, we limit the number of iterations at 1000.
The results in Figure-6 (b) show the maximum stress value observed in the vicinity of the notch root which is
379.41 MPa, resulting in a stress concentration factor of 2.53. Theoretically, the circular defect generates a Kt
coefficient equal to 3. This difference is mainly due to the plasticity at the notch tip and the small thickness of
the plate.
c. Elastoplastic thermal modeling of residual stresses
The state of residual stresses is multi-axial after welding, several studies have tried to model these
stress numerically [9] by thermal elastic-plastic coupled models. Obtained results are disputable due to the
nonlinearity of the physical phenomena involved during the welding process. It is noted that the majority of
these models are based on the determination of the temperature field and its evolution over time as a first result
(Figure-6). It is thereafter that the mechanical phenomena are modeled as a function of the evolution of the
temperature obtained. This modeling requires perfect knowledge of the evolution of the mechanical parameters
of the material depending on the temperature (Young's modulus, yield strength) and the evolution of thermal
material parameters (conductivity, density, heat capacity ...). The data about these parameters allows conducting
calculus of expansion and internal efforts by the finite elements during the cooling cycle to deduce the final state
of stress and strain at the end of cycle.
6. Numerical modeling of the welding…
16
Physical parameters to modeling residual stresses: To illustrate the influence of residual stress on the weld strenght, the results of thermal elasto-plastic modeling performed on the same geometry studied [9] is adopted. This model takes into account the kinetics of the heat source movement in the welded part to predict the temperature distribution in time and space, and the influence of temperature on the various mechanical and thermal parameters material during the heating and cooling cycle (conductivity, heat capacity, density, Young's modulus ....). Table 3: Modeling parameters Operating parameters of the welding process Thermal parameters of the material
Room Temperature: 20°C Heat source speed : 3mm/s Weld bead length : 10mm Heat used : 4,5 J/mm3 Convection coefficient (J/mm²s) : 8,91 10-6 <h<9,1 10-6
Density (Kg/mm3) : 7,61 10-6 < ρ(T) < 7,82 10-6 Conductibility (J/mm s°C) : 5,31 10-2 <λ(T)<; 7,6110-2 Heat capacity (J/kg/°C) : 408,3< Cp(T)< 908,3 Thermal expansion coefficient : 10-5 °C-1
d. Modeling results
The results of the distribution of the transverse residual stress are shown in (Figure 8, a). we choose to represent graphically the variation of the residual stress in a transverse distance X = 645mm where it reached its maximum value (fig 8, (b)). (a) (b) Figure. 8. : (a) : Transverse residual stress distribution after welding σyy(x,y) (b) : Evolution of the transverse stress along the Y axis σyy(645,y) The evolution of the transverse residual stress on the (Y) axis shows that it becomes compressive at a distance of 100 mm, it become null at the plate edge to satisfy the boundary conditions. To analyze the influence of welding defect, the maximum residual stress value will be used in this following paper.
Thermal modeling of welding process
Temperature field T=T(x,y,z,t)
Elasto-plastic modeling during cooling cycle
Mechanical quantities at the end of cycle
[σR]= [σ(x,y,z)]
[εR]= [ε(x,y,z)]
Geometry
Bondary conditions
Material properties
Welding energy
Material behavior depending on temperature
Thermal expansion as a function of temperature
Figure .7. Main steps to modeling residual stress after welding process
7. Numerical modeling of the welding…
17
Calculating the fatigue reduction factor by volumetric approach:
The first step is to determine the effective distance graphically by σyy(z) curve plotted along the
reverse direction of the (Z) axis. Determining (Zeff) allow us to calculate (σeff) by numerical integration of the
stress values of (σyy(z)) obtained by the finite element analysis.
Figure. 9. Evolution of stress and its relative gradient on the vicinity of the notch
On the curve of the resulting σyy(z) stress on figure-9, we find that this stress does not reach its
asymptotic value of 150 MPa, this is due to the small thickness of the sheet compared to the defect radius. The
curve of the two gradients plotted in the presence and absence of the residual stresses show the difference
introduced by this stresses in calculus. If this stress is taken at a constant value it does not cause any variation in
the gradient, on the other side the variation will be observed on the stress which is located in the χ (z)
denominator. The difference between the two curves is observed mainly in the vicinity of the effective distance
and is reduced in the area of maximum and minimum stress.
Fatigue reduction factor in the presence of residual stresses :
Using volumetric approach, reduction factor is calculated using the following expression [10].
Zeff
yy
eff N
f z z dz
Z
K
0
( )( 1 )
1
(13)
Using the numerical calculus of the integral based on the results obtained by the finite element calculation, we
find the two values of the fatigue reduction factor Kf in the absence and presence of residual stresses. Without
any residual stress we obtain 2.604 as a value of (Kf), while in case of the presence of these stresses we find that
this factor is about 3.036, this increase is due to stability of the effective distance and raising of the residual
stress values. Other methods of calculation can be used to estimate Kf, by the NEUBER method we find a value
of 2.895, whereas the expression of PETERSON give a value of 2.824. The disparity between these results and
the values of the volumetric method is mainly caused by theoretical foundation of PETERON and NEUBER
models, developed for linear elastic behavior of the studied area.
IV. CONCLUSION
In the volume of welded assembly, the residual stresses are present due to heat cycle imposed by this
process. The prediction of these stresses is complex mainly due to the nonlinear and coupled physical
phenomena that are involved, which makes the results limited to specific materials and geometries. The impact
of residual stress on the welds bead presenting defects on fatigue strength is a process studied following the
reverse direction of the (Z) axis penetrating the plate. The determination of the distribution of residual stresses
triaxial towards welded plates is a complex process, it is therefore necessary, as a first approach, to take the
transverse residual stress as constant at least in the region of fatigue process very limited in a distance not more
than 1mm in the majority of cases. The adoption of this assumption of stability give us the ability to apply the
volumetric method by exploiting the stress field calculated statically which was added on the maximum
transverse residual stress. Curves of the relative gradients calculated from the transverse stress allowed us to
determine the size of the area of fatigue process was extended over a distance of 0.467 mm.
Calculations that followed, demonstrate the detrimental effect of residual stresses revealed by a significant
increase in Kf factor. It should be noted that we calculate the maximum value of Kf factor in this previous
work, this is due to relaxation of the residual stresses observed in fatigue process which reduces significantly the
intensity of these stress after the first cycles of load application [11].
8. Numerical modeling of the welding…
18
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