The document discusses the anatomy of arteries in the upper limb. It aims to describe the boundaries and course of arteries in different regions, name branches and related structures. The major arteries discussed include the axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar arteries, as well as their branches which supply specific muscles and structures.
The document discusses the anatomy of arteries in the upper limb. It aims to describe the boundaries and course of arteries in different regions, name branches and related structures. The major arteries discussed include the axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar arteries, as well as their branches which supply specific muscles and structures.
+ Hoạt động của chuỗi hô hấp tế bào
+ Điều hòa chuỗi hô hấp tế bào
+ Những rối loạn trong hoạt động của chuỗi hô hấp tế bào
+ Các dược phẩm dùng trong điều trị rối loạn hô hấp tế bào
The document provides details about the structure and components of the nervous system. It describes the anatomy of the spinal cord including gray matter, white matter, and regions. It also summarizes the anatomy of major parts of the brain such as the brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum, and more. Diagrams are included to illustrate key structures like the medulla, pons, motor and sensory pathways.
The document describes the anatomy of the chest and abdominal regions. It discusses the bones of the thorax including the sternum, ribs, and vertebral column. It provides details on the structure and classification of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae. It also outlines the major muscles of the thoracic wall including the external and internal intercostal muscles and subcostal muscles.
+ Hoạt động của chuỗi hô hấp tế bào
+ Điều hòa chuỗi hô hấp tế bào
+ Những rối loạn trong hoạt động của chuỗi hô hấp tế bào
+ Các dược phẩm dùng trong điều trị rối loạn hô hấp tế bào
The document provides details about the structure and components of the nervous system. It describes the anatomy of the spinal cord including gray matter, white matter, and regions. It also summarizes the anatomy of major parts of the brain such as the brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum, and more. Diagrams are included to illustrate key structures like the medulla, pons, motor and sensory pathways.
The document describes the anatomy of the chest and abdominal regions. It discusses the bones of the thorax including the sternum, ribs, and vertebral column. It provides details on the structure and classification of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae. It also outlines the major muscles of the thoracic wall including the external and internal intercostal muscles and subcostal muscles.
This document discusses lipids, specifically fatty acids. It begins by outlining the objectives and general characteristics of lipids, noting that they are organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Lipids serve important biological roles such as energy storage and as components of biological membranes. The document then discusses the classification, properties, and functions of various fatty acids, including short, medium, long, very long, unsaturated, and eicosanoid fatty acids. It focuses on the nomenclature, structures, and roles of different fatty acid groups.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in small amounts for normal physiological functions. There are two groups of vitamins - fat soluble (A, D, E, K) and water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C). Most vitamins act as cofactors for enzymes by providing "chemical teeth". Thiamine (B1) was the first vitamin discovered. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, forming thiamine pyrophosphate which acts as an ylid during reactions. Deficiency can cause beriberi with symptoms like neuropathy.
5. Maøng bao tim
Laø tuùi coù hai lôùp
Lôùp taïng beân trong
lôùp thanh maïc ôû ngoaøi
gaén vaøo maøng phoåi vaø hoaønh caùch moâ
6. Thaønh tim
Cô tim
Maët trong goïi laø noäi maïc
Maët ngoaøi goïi laø ngoaïi maïc
Neáp gaáp cuûa noäi maïc taïo thaønh van tim
Caùc teá baøo cô chuyeân bieät chæ coù trong tim
Caùc sôïi cô leä thuoäc Ca++ khi co thaét
7. Cô tim
Lôùp cô cuûa thaønh taâm thaát chöùa caùc sôïi
tô cô :
actin
myosin
Coù tính co thaét
9. Caùc buoàng tim
Nhó
Phaûi vaø traùi
Cô ít
Vaùch :moâ lieân
keát vaø cô
_lieân nhó
_lieân thaát
Thaát
Phaûi vaø traùi
Cô nhieàu
10. Van tim
Van nhó -thaát (NT)
- Van 3 laù
- Van 2 laù
Toång dieän tích
caùc laù van gaáp ñoâi
dieän tích loå thoâng
Coù caùc sôiï daây
thöøng gaén vaøo cô
truï cuûa thaát
Van baùn nguyeät
-Van ñoäng maïch
phoåi
-Van ñoäng maïch
chuû
43. 7-Tính co thaét
Laø khaû naêng cô tim ruùt ngaén laïi gaây co
cô khi coù kích thích ñieän hoïc
Coù nhöõng thuoác laøm taêng co thaét
(Digitalis,dopamine,epinephrine)
50. TAÏI SAO COÙ DOØNG NA+ BAÁT
THÖÔØNG ?
Thieáu oxy ,khoâng taïo ñöôïc ATP, moät phaàn cô
tim bò thieáu maùu .
Giaûm ATP coù nghóa laø hoïat ñoäng Ca-ATPase
ít (bôm Ca2+ ngöôïc vaøo heä voõng noäi baøo )
Taêng [Ca2+]i vaø taêng giao caûm vaøo laøm taêng
theâm a2+ released from SR
Na+ builds up because pumps work overtime
to remove excess Ca2+ from cells
Produces inward current
Get depolarisation and an action potential
51. ÑIEÄN TAÂM ÑOÀ
Ghi nhöõng söï
thay ñoåi ñieän theá
cuûa tim khi hoaït
ñoäng
52. MUÏC ÑÍCH CUÛA ECG
1-Höôùng cô theå hoïc cuûa tim
2-Ñoä lôùn töông ñoái cuûa caùc buoàng tim
3-Khaùm phaù nhöõng roái loaïn veà nhòp vaø
daãn truyeàn
4-Vò trí, ñoä lan roäng ,söï tieán trieån cuûa caùc
toån thöông do thieáu maùu cô tim
5-Aûnh höôûng caùc roái loaïn noàng ñoä ion
6- Taùc duïng cuûa caùc loaïi thuoác treân tim
53. TIM
Laø moät bôm
Coù hoaït ñoäng ñieän
hoïc
Phaùt sinh doøng
ñieän coù theå ño
ñöôïc treân maët
ngoaøi da
54. Doøng ñieän vaø ñieän theá
Khi nghó ,Vm haèng
ñònh
Khoâng coù doøng
ñieän
++++++++++++++++++
------------------------------
Moät maûng cô tim
ngoaøi
trong
0 mV
+-
55. KHI COÙ KÍCH THÍCH
Moät maûnh cô tim
++++------------------------
------++++++++++++++
ngoaøi
trong
Doøng ñieän
ù Ñieän theá ñoäng
Vmthay ñoåi
Gaây khöû cöïc
ÑTÑ
56. Ñieän theá ñoäng
Moät maûnh cô tim
------++++++++++++++
Trong
++++------------------------
Doøng ñieän
+-
Ñieän theá aâm
Ñieän theá ñoäng
lan truyeàn
Ngoaøi
57. +++++++-------------------
Moät maûnh cô tim
ngoaøi
trong
------------+++++++++++
Khi taùi cöïc
Doøng ñieän
-------------------------------
Moät maûnh cô tim
hoaøn toaøn khöû cöïc
ngoaøi
+++++++++++++++++++
Vmkhoâng thay ñoåi
Khoâng coù doøng ñieän
+-
Moät ít ñieän theá aâm
trong
58. a-Caùc sôïi cô
ñang caêng
b-Vectô bieåu
hieän höôùng
vaø bieân ñoä
cuûa doøng
ñieän trong tim