Conference programme
http://publishing.brookes.ac.uk/conference/by_the_book
ABSTRACT
Digital media are changing the ways in which books are produced and consumed. In their wide diversity, digital "books" (from enhanced ebooks, to story apps, to game books) challenge the borderlines between books and other forms of digital media. Digital books simultaneously diverge from print books, drawing on other genres and conventions linked to digital affordances, but are also remediating print books, in terms of content, genre conventions, aesthetics, and so on. This presentation starts proposing a typology of digital books that takes into account media convergence, multimodality and remediation from print. Which, by the way, the author thinks will never die out!
Conference committee
Benoȋt Berthou, University of Paris 13 (LABSIC)
Ernst-Peter Biesalski, HTWK, Leipzig
Alberto Cadioli, University of Milan
Pascal Durand, University of Liège
Miha Kovač, University of Ljubljana
Angus Phillips, Oxford Brookes University (Oxford International Centre for Publishing Studies)
Adriaan van der Weel, University of Leiden
Associate partners
Association for Publishing Education
Brill
Federation of European Publishers
The document provides a history of computing and the internet from the 1600s to present day. It discusses early computers like the adding machine and developments like binary arithmetic. It then outlines the creation of ARPANET in the late 1950s and its goal of decentralized communication. Key developments of the internet are noted like the first email in 1972 and creation of the World Wide Web in 1989. The document also discusses the rise of social media platforms like Facebook and implications of technology like privacy concerns, information overload, and the potential "Evernet" of the future.
Digital Bootcamp returned once more to where it all began, the Frontline Club, Paddington, London - which champions independent journalism - on Friday 11 January 2013, as part of the London Short Film Festival's 10th anniversary edition. It was epic, a Deluxe version which saw a three hour lecture, one hour masterclass of five projects and an hour of networking.
This document summarizes David Seaman's presentation on ebooks and handheld devices in academia given at the Society for Scholarly Publishing in 2009. It discusses the current state of ebooks and handheld devices, impressions from Dartmouth College, and potential accelerants for ebooks in academia including Apple, standards, Google, and students. The presentation provides context on ebooks and highlights lessons learned from experiments at Dartmouth and other universities. It examines recent indicators of ebook acceptance and outlines four factors that could drive further adoption of ebooks in academic settings.
This document discusses the characteristics and structures of online communities. It defines online communities as groups of people who come together online for a specific purpose. It describes how social networks form the underlying structure of communities, with nodes (people/organizations) connected by relationships and experiencing interactions. It outlines key characteristics of online communities like conversations, presence, democracy, standards of behavior, and levels of participation. It also discusses how ideas and memes spread through communities via opinion leaders and the two-step flow model of communication.
Here are the key points about how Facebook has affected news production:
- Facebook allows news to spread very quickly to wide audiences. Stories can proliferate instantly as people share links and posts.
- It enables public participation through comments, forums, and sharing options. People can distribute news and contribute their opinions and ideas.
- However, there is also potential for clickbait and false news stories to spread rapidly on Facebook. Sensationalized or misleading titles can go viral.
- This promotes a type of "entrepreneurial journalism" where anyone can produce content, but lack of traditional editorial oversight may lead to inaccurate information circulating widely online.
So in summary, while Facebook facilitates rapid news sharing, it also
Mass media can be classified into eight industries in the late 20th century: books, newspapers, magazines, recordings, radio, movies, television and the internet. As digital technology expanded in the late 20th/early 21st centuries, what constitutes mass media has become more complex, with cell phones, video games and online media now included. The history of mass media traces back to ancient performances, with the first printed book in 868 AD and Gutenberg's printing press allowing mass book production in the 15th century, establishing the first true mass media.
Sharing Culture in Books and the Benefits of Openness: Social Networks, P2P ...Sean Cranbury
Presented at Simon Fraser University, Book Publishing Immersion Workshops on July 21, 2010.
My presentation is called "Sharing Culture in Books and the Benefits of Openness: Social Networks, P2P & Infinite Digital Space."
An investigation into adaptation, digital transition in the book publishing industry.
This document discusses e-books, including their history, definitions, advantages, disadvantages, and issues related to collecting and providing access to e-books in libraries. Some key points include:
- E-books are digital versions of books that can be read on computers, e-book readers, phones, or other devices. They offer advantages like searchability but also restrictions like DRM.
- The history of e-books dates back to the 1970s with projects like Project Gutenberg, but they became more widespread in the late 1990s and 2000s as formats and devices proliferated.
- Libraries are increasingly acquiring e-books but face challenges regarding pricing models, licensing, and ensuring long-term access
The document provides a history of computing and the internet from the 1600s to present day. It discusses early computers like the adding machine and developments like binary arithmetic. It then outlines the creation of ARPANET in the late 1950s and its goal of decentralized communication. Key developments of the internet are noted like the first email in 1972 and creation of the World Wide Web in 1989. The document also discusses the rise of social media platforms like Facebook and implications of technology like privacy concerns, information overload, and the potential "Evernet" of the future.
Digital Bootcamp returned once more to where it all began, the Frontline Club, Paddington, London - which champions independent journalism - on Friday 11 January 2013, as part of the London Short Film Festival's 10th anniversary edition. It was epic, a Deluxe version which saw a three hour lecture, one hour masterclass of five projects and an hour of networking.
This document summarizes David Seaman's presentation on ebooks and handheld devices in academia given at the Society for Scholarly Publishing in 2009. It discusses the current state of ebooks and handheld devices, impressions from Dartmouth College, and potential accelerants for ebooks in academia including Apple, standards, Google, and students. The presentation provides context on ebooks and highlights lessons learned from experiments at Dartmouth and other universities. It examines recent indicators of ebook acceptance and outlines four factors that could drive further adoption of ebooks in academic settings.
This document discusses the characteristics and structures of online communities. It defines online communities as groups of people who come together online for a specific purpose. It describes how social networks form the underlying structure of communities, with nodes (people/organizations) connected by relationships and experiencing interactions. It outlines key characteristics of online communities like conversations, presence, democracy, standards of behavior, and levels of participation. It also discusses how ideas and memes spread through communities via opinion leaders and the two-step flow model of communication.
Here are the key points about how Facebook has affected news production:
- Facebook allows news to spread very quickly to wide audiences. Stories can proliferate instantly as people share links and posts.
- It enables public participation through comments, forums, and sharing options. People can distribute news and contribute their opinions and ideas.
- However, there is also potential for clickbait and false news stories to spread rapidly on Facebook. Sensationalized or misleading titles can go viral.
- This promotes a type of "entrepreneurial journalism" where anyone can produce content, but lack of traditional editorial oversight may lead to inaccurate information circulating widely online.
So in summary, while Facebook facilitates rapid news sharing, it also
Mass media can be classified into eight industries in the late 20th century: books, newspapers, magazines, recordings, radio, movies, television and the internet. As digital technology expanded in the late 20th/early 21st centuries, what constitutes mass media has become more complex, with cell phones, video games and online media now included. The history of mass media traces back to ancient performances, with the first printed book in 868 AD and Gutenberg's printing press allowing mass book production in the 15th century, establishing the first true mass media.
Sharing Culture in Books and the Benefits of Openness: Social Networks, P2P ...Sean Cranbury
Presented at Simon Fraser University, Book Publishing Immersion Workshops on July 21, 2010.
My presentation is called "Sharing Culture in Books and the Benefits of Openness: Social Networks, P2P & Infinite Digital Space."
An investigation into adaptation, digital transition in the book publishing industry.
This document discusses e-books, including their history, definitions, advantages, disadvantages, and issues related to collecting and providing access to e-books in libraries. Some key points include:
- E-books are digital versions of books that can be read on computers, e-book readers, phones, or other devices. They offer advantages like searchability but also restrictions like DRM.
- The history of e-books dates back to the 1970s with projects like Project Gutenberg, but they became more widespread in the late 1990s and 2000s as formats and devices proliferated.
- Libraries are increasingly acquiring e-books but face challenges regarding pricing models, licensing, and ensuring long-term access
How Die Burger Newspaper developed from print toAmanda Olivier
Naspers was established in South Africa in 1915 as De Nationale Pers Beperkt to publish the first edition of De Burger Newspaper. Over time, it grew to publish over 90 titles and nearly 300 million newspapers annually. In the digital era, Naspers transitioned publications to online and mobile platforms, while also making their archives of historical newspaper editions and images available digitally. However, they must balance expanding access with upholding copyright and protecting intellectual property rights.
This document discusses internet memes and provides context on their history and evolution. It defines memes as ideas that spread from person to person, and internet memes as units of digital information that mutate as they spread online. It outlines the major eras in the development of internet memes from the 1980s to today, tracking their progression from text-based to multimedia. It also examines memes as a medium of self-expression, a bridge between people and mainstream media, and an approach to studying media and culture. Finally, it speculates on how the definition and role of memes may change in the future.
The document discusses many exciting opportunities for public libraries today, including expanding their collections beyond books to include lendable items like tools, musical instruments, and technology. It also discusses opportunities like providing more programming and spaces for creation, collaboration, and community building. The library system can help its member libraries explore these opportunities by connecting libraries to each other and their communities, sharing resources and best practices, and providing training and support.
This document discusses emerging trends in public relations and communications related to technology, content, and audiences. It emphasizes the importance of mobile strategies, social media, personalized and on-demand content, and seamless experiences across devices. Professionals must lead by innovating with new technologies, understanding audiences, and producing content for multiple platforms. Personalization, hashtags, and archived content allow for on-demand access. A responsive and multi-platform approach is needed to engage audiences who access information from many "seamless screens". Mobile strategies like apps and responsive design are crucial for communications in today's digital age.
Assignment 10 group coursework presentation of research part 2.0Abc Abc
Here are the key ways the internet has revolutionized communication:
- Email allows instant messaging across long distances at low cost. Billions of emails are sent every day, providing an easy way to stay in touch with others around the world.
- Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp enable sharing of updates and media as well as private messaging. This has connected friends and family like never before.
- Video calling through Skype, FaceTime, and other apps allows for face-to-face communication remotely. People can have conversations as if in the same room despite being in different countries.
- Mobile internet via smartphones gives us constant access to communication tools wherever we are. We are more connected than
This document provides information on 4iP, an innovation fund established by Channel 4 to support digital media projects across the UK that help people improve their lives. It outlines 4iP's funding sources and areas of interest, which include digital democracy, discovery tools, empowering underrepresented communities, connecting people to share knowledge, and developing tools for participation. A number of funded projects are then summarized, focusing on tools for citizen journalism, community building and learning.
This document summarizes a presentation by Tom Peters on the impact of the mobile revolution on libraries, librarians, and library users. It discusses key trends in the growth of mobile technology usage globally and defines the mobile revolution. It also outlines how the mobile revolution is affecting how libraries serve users, the role of physical libraries, and how librarians can support mobile access to content and services. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of libraries understanding usage of their wireless networks and planning for continued growth in mobile technology use.
Tom Peters gave a talk on the future of reading and ebooks. He discussed how ebooks, eReaders, and mobile devices are revolutionizing reading. This revolution presents both opportunities and risks for libraries. Peters outlined many changes happening in publishing, bookselling, and how readers find and consume content. He argued that libraries must experiment with new services and devices to support digital reading, work to protect library lending models, and align with readers and authors in this changing environment.
Assignment 10 group coursework presentation of research part 2.0ksumbland
WordPress started in 2003 as a free blogging platform that allowed users, particularly aspiring journalists, to easily create and manage blogs. It has since grown tremendously in popularity globally, with the top 10 countries by usage being mainly developed European nations and Vietnam. The amount of WordPress blogs and page views has increased dramatically over the years, showing how widely used blogging has become as a form of communication online through the WordPress platform.
Roberto Hortal ack - Blogging behind your b Pr Social Networking And Bloggin...Roberto Hortal
This document discusses how blogs and social networks can impact a brand's reputation without the brand's awareness or involvement. It highlights the need to:
1) Evaluate how concerned a brand should be about what bloggers say and if they can afford to ignore online commentary.
2) Examine how blogging and social networking affects corporate reputation and how brands should interact with "citizen journalists."
3) Explore how to find what is being said about a brand online to address criticism and steer customer feedback in a positive direction.
“Educating children to be discriminating in their use of the media is a responsibility of parents, Church, and school.” (Pope Benedict XVI) What key media literacy concepts are needed to understand, consume and produce media? How do we evaluate and judge media products and processes? Four key media literacy concepts including language, representation, institutions and audience will be presented during the session. - Presented at Cultivating Digital Ministries 2014 in Orlando, FL.
Anchorage public focus group web versionCarson Block
This document summarizes a public focus group discussion about emerging technology trends and the future of libraries. The discussion covered topics like makerspaces, 3D printers, embedded librarians, self-service options, challenges around digital content, and ideas for transforming library spaces. Participants shared their views on improving technology at Anchorage Public Library and the role of libraries in serving their communities. The session aimed to explore possibilities for enhancing library services through new technologies.
The family history world in 10 years timeDick Eastman
Within the next 10 years, genealogy is expected to change significantly due to increased digitization of records and a shifting audience. More records will become available online, allowing access from any device at any time. New collaborative software will be developed for online research. Younger genealogists will have different interests than traditional researchers, such as focusing on individual stories rather than complete family trees. Libraries will transition entirely to digital formats within 10 years. Societies and individuals will play a role in making local records and histories publicly available online.
The document discusses three models for mobile learning (mLearning) in museums: learning on demand, learning from crowds and communities, and peer-to-peer learning. It notes that mobile devices allow new opportunities for connecting, collaborating and learning beyond traditional audio tours. The document advocates developing a distributed museum network and integrating mobile strategies into all aspects of an institution's work, such as crowdsourcing collections data and enabling user contributions.
The document summarizes how qualitative research methods have moved online over time, from early text-based online focus groups and forums to now utilizing video, mobile technologies, and social media. Key developments include the rise of online video focus groups and multimedia platforms that combine text, video and images; the growth of mobile research via text messaging and smartphones; and the emergence of online communities for market research that utilize social networking platforms and gamification techniques.
Imagine Your Life Without the InternetJenny Jordan
What would your life be like without the internet? The majority of the world is unable to use the internet and smart phone technology effectively because of the language barrier. Now there is a solution available that will open up vast, untapped markets by being the first company to take advantage of Linguist Software's breakthrough technology to connect with the world. The translation capabilities of this tech advancement will make smart phones far more necessary than ever before. Find out more in this informational deck.
This document outlines key learning outcomes for understanding global public relations, including examining digital divides in technology access and usage, analyzing cases of intercultural communication in international public relations, comparing high and low context communication styles, applying cultural dimensions to public relations strategy, explaining the relationships between intercultural public relations, international public relations, and public diplomacy, and discussing the ethics of balanced dialogue.
- The new challenge for preserving cultural records is no longer ensuring access to scarce information, but how to collect, manage, and make sense of the explosion of digital information being created, as individuals now create 75% of all new information.
- Archivists and records managers must think of cultural artifacts as data that can be manipulated and reused to tell stories, rather than physical objects.
- Collaborating to build a shared cyberinfrastructure across organizations in Connecticut will help ensure the long-term preservation and access to digital assets from all communities, and connect local collections to larger national and global aggregations.
Optimizing Business Travel to Asia - Thoughts For Corporate Travel ManagersBill Kohnen
Best Options for Business Travel From Either the US or Europe to Asia for a trip of 7 days considering cost, recovery, morale, productivity, and health.
After receiving her AS in business marketing from Westchester Community College in Valhalla, New York, in 1993, Ana Docoito-Nelson went on a successful business career. Currently employed as the property manager for Gramatan Management, Inc. in New Rochelle, Ana Docoito-Nelson is a fan of spicy Thai food.
How Die Burger Newspaper developed from print toAmanda Olivier
Naspers was established in South Africa in 1915 as De Nationale Pers Beperkt to publish the first edition of De Burger Newspaper. Over time, it grew to publish over 90 titles and nearly 300 million newspapers annually. In the digital era, Naspers transitioned publications to online and mobile platforms, while also making their archives of historical newspaper editions and images available digitally. However, they must balance expanding access with upholding copyright and protecting intellectual property rights.
This document discusses internet memes and provides context on their history and evolution. It defines memes as ideas that spread from person to person, and internet memes as units of digital information that mutate as they spread online. It outlines the major eras in the development of internet memes from the 1980s to today, tracking their progression from text-based to multimedia. It also examines memes as a medium of self-expression, a bridge between people and mainstream media, and an approach to studying media and culture. Finally, it speculates on how the definition and role of memes may change in the future.
The document discusses many exciting opportunities for public libraries today, including expanding their collections beyond books to include lendable items like tools, musical instruments, and technology. It also discusses opportunities like providing more programming and spaces for creation, collaboration, and community building. The library system can help its member libraries explore these opportunities by connecting libraries to each other and their communities, sharing resources and best practices, and providing training and support.
This document discusses emerging trends in public relations and communications related to technology, content, and audiences. It emphasizes the importance of mobile strategies, social media, personalized and on-demand content, and seamless experiences across devices. Professionals must lead by innovating with new technologies, understanding audiences, and producing content for multiple platforms. Personalization, hashtags, and archived content allow for on-demand access. A responsive and multi-platform approach is needed to engage audiences who access information from many "seamless screens". Mobile strategies like apps and responsive design are crucial for communications in today's digital age.
Assignment 10 group coursework presentation of research part 2.0Abc Abc
Here are the key ways the internet has revolutionized communication:
- Email allows instant messaging across long distances at low cost. Billions of emails are sent every day, providing an easy way to stay in touch with others around the world.
- Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp enable sharing of updates and media as well as private messaging. This has connected friends and family like never before.
- Video calling through Skype, FaceTime, and other apps allows for face-to-face communication remotely. People can have conversations as if in the same room despite being in different countries.
- Mobile internet via smartphones gives us constant access to communication tools wherever we are. We are more connected than
This document provides information on 4iP, an innovation fund established by Channel 4 to support digital media projects across the UK that help people improve their lives. It outlines 4iP's funding sources and areas of interest, which include digital democracy, discovery tools, empowering underrepresented communities, connecting people to share knowledge, and developing tools for participation. A number of funded projects are then summarized, focusing on tools for citizen journalism, community building and learning.
This document summarizes a presentation by Tom Peters on the impact of the mobile revolution on libraries, librarians, and library users. It discusses key trends in the growth of mobile technology usage globally and defines the mobile revolution. It also outlines how the mobile revolution is affecting how libraries serve users, the role of physical libraries, and how librarians can support mobile access to content and services. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of libraries understanding usage of their wireless networks and planning for continued growth in mobile technology use.
Tom Peters gave a talk on the future of reading and ebooks. He discussed how ebooks, eReaders, and mobile devices are revolutionizing reading. This revolution presents both opportunities and risks for libraries. Peters outlined many changes happening in publishing, bookselling, and how readers find and consume content. He argued that libraries must experiment with new services and devices to support digital reading, work to protect library lending models, and align with readers and authors in this changing environment.
Assignment 10 group coursework presentation of research part 2.0ksumbland
WordPress started in 2003 as a free blogging platform that allowed users, particularly aspiring journalists, to easily create and manage blogs. It has since grown tremendously in popularity globally, with the top 10 countries by usage being mainly developed European nations and Vietnam. The amount of WordPress blogs and page views has increased dramatically over the years, showing how widely used blogging has become as a form of communication online through the WordPress platform.
Roberto Hortal ack - Blogging behind your b Pr Social Networking And Bloggin...Roberto Hortal
This document discusses how blogs and social networks can impact a brand's reputation without the brand's awareness or involvement. It highlights the need to:
1) Evaluate how concerned a brand should be about what bloggers say and if they can afford to ignore online commentary.
2) Examine how blogging and social networking affects corporate reputation and how brands should interact with "citizen journalists."
3) Explore how to find what is being said about a brand online to address criticism and steer customer feedback in a positive direction.
“Educating children to be discriminating in their use of the media is a responsibility of parents, Church, and school.” (Pope Benedict XVI) What key media literacy concepts are needed to understand, consume and produce media? How do we evaluate and judge media products and processes? Four key media literacy concepts including language, representation, institutions and audience will be presented during the session. - Presented at Cultivating Digital Ministries 2014 in Orlando, FL.
Anchorage public focus group web versionCarson Block
This document summarizes a public focus group discussion about emerging technology trends and the future of libraries. The discussion covered topics like makerspaces, 3D printers, embedded librarians, self-service options, challenges around digital content, and ideas for transforming library spaces. Participants shared their views on improving technology at Anchorage Public Library and the role of libraries in serving their communities. The session aimed to explore possibilities for enhancing library services through new technologies.
The family history world in 10 years timeDick Eastman
Within the next 10 years, genealogy is expected to change significantly due to increased digitization of records and a shifting audience. More records will become available online, allowing access from any device at any time. New collaborative software will be developed for online research. Younger genealogists will have different interests than traditional researchers, such as focusing on individual stories rather than complete family trees. Libraries will transition entirely to digital formats within 10 years. Societies and individuals will play a role in making local records and histories publicly available online.
The document discusses three models for mobile learning (mLearning) in museums: learning on demand, learning from crowds and communities, and peer-to-peer learning. It notes that mobile devices allow new opportunities for connecting, collaborating and learning beyond traditional audio tours. The document advocates developing a distributed museum network and integrating mobile strategies into all aspects of an institution's work, such as crowdsourcing collections data and enabling user contributions.
The document summarizes how qualitative research methods have moved online over time, from early text-based online focus groups and forums to now utilizing video, mobile technologies, and social media. Key developments include the rise of online video focus groups and multimedia platforms that combine text, video and images; the growth of mobile research via text messaging and smartphones; and the emergence of online communities for market research that utilize social networking platforms and gamification techniques.
Imagine Your Life Without the InternetJenny Jordan
What would your life be like without the internet? The majority of the world is unable to use the internet and smart phone technology effectively because of the language barrier. Now there is a solution available that will open up vast, untapped markets by being the first company to take advantage of Linguist Software's breakthrough technology to connect with the world. The translation capabilities of this tech advancement will make smart phones far more necessary than ever before. Find out more in this informational deck.
This document outlines key learning outcomes for understanding global public relations, including examining digital divides in technology access and usage, analyzing cases of intercultural communication in international public relations, comparing high and low context communication styles, applying cultural dimensions to public relations strategy, explaining the relationships between intercultural public relations, international public relations, and public diplomacy, and discussing the ethics of balanced dialogue.
- The new challenge for preserving cultural records is no longer ensuring access to scarce information, but how to collect, manage, and make sense of the explosion of digital information being created, as individuals now create 75% of all new information.
- Archivists and records managers must think of cultural artifacts as data that can be manipulated and reused to tell stories, rather than physical objects.
- Collaborating to build a shared cyberinfrastructure across organizations in Connecticut will help ensure the long-term preservation and access to digital assets from all communities, and connect local collections to larger national and global aggregations.
Optimizing Business Travel to Asia - Thoughts For Corporate Travel ManagersBill Kohnen
Best Options for Business Travel From Either the US or Europe to Asia for a trip of 7 days considering cost, recovery, morale, productivity, and health.
After receiving her AS in business marketing from Westchester Community College in Valhalla, New York, in 1993, Ana Docoito-Nelson went on a successful business career. Currently employed as the property manager for Gramatan Management, Inc. in New Rochelle, Ana Docoito-Nelson is a fan of spicy Thai food.
The earliest recorded clock was invented in 1300 BC in Egypt and was a sundial that used a shadow to indicate the time of day. Over subsequent centuries, various advancements were made including using church bells in France in 1370 and water clocks in Greece in 1400 BC. The first mechanical clock was invented in Europe around 1400 BC using a mainspring and balance wheel. Modern innovations included the first wrist watches being sold affordably in the US in 1886 and the first atomic clock being built in 1949.
Thai music is written in various genres for different occasions, including ritual songs, entertainment songs, and songs that tell stories of customs and traditions. Ritual songs include suod, which are chants used for worship, and thes, which are improvised ritual songs that are less sacred. Entertainment songs include plaeng klonduck, which are nursery rhymes, and plaeng bork, which are songs sung by males to tell stories and news. Popular songs include sebha, which have a fixed structure of 8 words per line and use krab sticks to mark rhythm. Other songs are hae ruea, boat songs; aewkloasaw, songs accompanied by the saw string instrument; and
Thailand is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. Thailand has a population of around 64 million people, most of whom are ethnically Tai and follow Buddhism. The country has a constitutional monarchy with King Rama IX as the head of state. Traditional Thai music is influenced by India, China and neighboring countries. It includes classical and folk music, with folk music varying between different regions. Characteristics of Thai music include the layering of rhythms and pitches rather than harmony, as well as a pentatonic scale and emphasis on the final beat.
Mediation involves a neutral third party (mediator) facilitating negotiations between two or more disputing parties to help them resolve conflicts. Key characteristics of mediation include that it is voluntary, confidential, and focuses on facilitating the process. Mediators use different styles, from evaluative (weighing arguments) to purely facilitative. Mediation is often encouraged by courts early in legal proceedings and involves skills like negotiation, trust-building, impartiality and process control. The mediation process typically involves opening statements, private sessions between the mediator and each party, and final joint discussions. Mediation has a high success rate and allows parties more control, but relies on voluntary agreement and lacks enforceability of court orders.
The document traces the origins and evolution of animation from early animation toys like the thaumatrope and zoetrope in the 1820s-1860s, to flipbooks and early stop-motion animation using cut-out drawings and clay figures in the late 19th century. It then discusses key developments like the first animated film in 1906, the growing popularity and sophistication of cartoons in the 1920s-1940s, and the transition to computer generated imagery starting in the late 1970s and its increasing prominence today.
Les Misérables follows the story of Jean Valjean, an ex-convict who is released from prison and struggles to escape his past. The novel is divided into five parts with short chapters and examines themes of love, compassion, social injustice and the long term effects of the French Revolution. It follows the intertwining stories of Valjean, Fantine, Cosette, Marius and Javert across many years and locations in France.
Primitive methods of measuring time Prehistoric man, by simple observation of the stars, changes in the seasons, day and night began to come up with very primitive methods of measuring time. This was necessary for planning nomadic activity, farming, sacred feasts, etc. The earliest time measurement devices before clocks and watches were the sundial, hourglass and water clock.
Mediation is a voluntary alternative dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party helps parties reach a negotiated settlement. It has several benefits such as being informal, quick, flexible, cost effective, and allowing parties to preserve relationships and maintain control. Mediation is most suitable when parties are committed to the process, an ongoing relationship is important, privacy is important, or there is time pressure to settle. The mediator's role is to facilitate by summarizing issues and identifying common ground and options to help parties evaluate alternatives and reach an agreement.
The document discusses meditation, defining it as a mental discipline to get beyond thinking into deeper relaxation or awareness. It describes different types of meditation like breathing, conceptual, and mantra meditation. Reasons for meditating include stress relief, anger management, and improved focus. Various religions that incorporate meditation are discussed like Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity. Specific meditation techniques from these religions are outlined. The effects of meditation on reducing heart rate and blood pressure are also summarized based on an experiment conducted.
Hinduism was established in India in 1500 BCE, featuring texts like the Vedas and a caste system. The Upanishads taught concepts like samsara, karma, and moksha. Siddhartha Gautama was born in 480 BCE and discovered suffering through encountering old age, disease, and death. He attained enlightenment and became the Buddha, spreading his teachings of the Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path through India and Asia. Buddhism is considered both a philosophy and religion by some definitions and focuses on meditation, wisdom, and compassion rather than faith or gods.
Meditation is an experience of relaxing the body, quieting the mind, and awakening the spirit. Meditation encourages a deepening of consciousness or awareness, and also facilitates a deeper understanding of self and others.
Electronic publishing (or e-publishing) involves the digital publication and distribution of books, magazines, journals and other media online. It has become common in academic publishing where journals are increasingly made available electronically. The document traces the history of e-publishing from its origins in the 1980s with plain text emails sent to subscribers, to the growth of digital libraries and online publishing enabled by the internet and technologies like CD-ROMs and PDFs. It discusses both the advantages of e-publishing such as rapid publication and global access, as well as challenges around issues of piracy, copyright and user preferences for print.
This document discusses the history and current state of print media. It traces the origins of print from handwritten manuscripts to the development of mechanical printing. Print media helped spread ideas and increase literacy. While print faces challenges from digital media, ebooks and audiobooks are growing segments. Issues for print include industry consolidation, competition from Amazon, and challenges for small publishers. The future may see continued media convergence and growth of independent authors.
Disruption Innovation of Traditional Book PublishersBenjamin Cheeks
- Traditional book publishers have faced disruption from ebooks and digital self-publishing enabled by technologies like Amazon Kindle and Apple iPad.
- Ebook sales surpassed physical book sales on Amazon by 2011, just 4 years after Kindle's release in 2007. Self-published ebooks now claim a larger share of the ebook market than the big 5 publishers.
- For publishers to remain competitive, they must adapt their business model to focus on simplicity, convenience and accessibility like digital platforms provide, rather than the traditional physical publishing process. How publishers respond to this disruption will determine their survival.
1. Humans have expressed themselves through graphic representations like drawings and language for over 30,000 years as evidenced by ancient artwork.
2. Written language evolved through early civilizations using symbols and scripts on buildings and scrolls to record their history. One of the most notable examples was the Great Library of Alexandria in Egypt.
3. The development of the printing press in the 15th century by Johannes Gutenberg allowed books to be mass produced more quickly and affordably, increasing literacy and access to knowledge over time. This helped transition from handwritten texts created by monks.
Fragments, Pivots and Jumps that Relate and NarrativeRuth Tringham
This presentation discusses the broader implications of digital documentation, presentation and publication for long-term sustainable preservation of humanities research, using the example of our archaeological project from Çatalhöyük, Turkey.
It was a keynote presentation at the 5th International Conference of Digital Archives and Digital Humanities, held in Taipei, Taiwan, December 2014
CPFranco - Reinventing the book - exploring the affordances of digital media ...Claudio Pires Franco
I have finally come around making my thesis publicly available.
Feel free to share and leave any feedback.
A big thank you to Professor Alexis Weedon, my supervisor at the University of Bedfordshire - you introduce me to so many amazing people in the world of books and publishing, and made me improve my ideas exponentially.
An excerpt that gives you a flavour of the key focus:
Reinventing the book?
This thesis departed from the core research question: how can the affordances of the digital medium be explored to produce new kinds of book-inspired artefacts? The question relates to the value of digital media to create new kinds of books; to whether there is indeed any value for the industry in using digital media to create new kinds of books.
This research mapped a changing landscape over the period of study, documenting important changes in the ways a range of producers — from the larger publishers and technology giants, to small start-ups and independent artists — explored digital affordances, and reacted to changes in technology and the new behaviours and expectations of contemporary audiences.
Authors, publishers and other kinds of producers have been using digital media to make new kinds of books, new kinds of texts influenced by analogue/print books, and by other media forms. Digital media - in a range of digital technologies, devices and platforms - provide a wide set of affordances that can be explored to produce new kinds of books. This thesis has shown several examples that demonstrate value for both the industry and consumers, both in terms of commercial success and critical acclaim for producers, and the pleasures offered to consumers, evident in comments, ratings and reviews, and on direct experience of trying many of these artefacts. The affordances of digital media can be explored to effectively create new digital forms of the book.
However, diverse kinds of producers see different affordances in the same set of digital media, in a similar fashion to the ways in which different animals look at the same environment in quite different ways to take advantage of different affordances (Gibson, 1986). But why does this happen? Different producers are influenced by practice; their views are shaped by what they know and by what they are able to perceive as possible (or desirable) in the digital medium. Affordances have to be perceived to be explored. Furthermore, even when perceived, there is also the question of having access to the right set of skills and experience, of being able to actually tap those affordances.
This document discusses e-books and their growth. It makes three key points:
1. E-book sales are growing rapidly, driven by new devices like the iPad and expected competition from Google. However, e-books still only account for a small percentage of total book sales.
2. Publishers are preparing for e-books by converting content to XML and making it available on multiple platforms, but this requires addressing challenges around file formats, complex content, and device limitations.
3. While DRM is important to control content, some publishers are choosing to bypass DRM and trust customers, as restrictive printing and sharing policies could negatively impact sales. Preparing for a future with both print and digital content will
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The document discusses the changing relationship between authors, publishers, and readers in the digital era. It notes that while print has been dominant for over 500 years, e-books are now revolutionizing the publishing industry. However, e-books do not threaten print and both can co-exist. The transition to digital has raised debates around what constitutes an e-book and copyright issues. UNESCO aims to address these debates and ensure reading material is available to more people through initiatives like a World Forum on culture and industries in June 2012.
This document discusses the evolution of media from oral communication to modern digital platforms. It traces the progression from one-to-one communication to one-to-many broadcasting enabled by printing, then to many-to-many interactions online. The author argues that we are moving from an era of mass broadcast publishing controlled by a few, to one where anyone can publish personalized content through various digital channels. Key challenges for marketers and publishers are how to engage audiences and remain relevant in this new environment defined by personalization, immediacy and citizen participation.
Keynote presentation delivered July 28, 2010
Handheld Librarian Online Conference III
www.handheldlibrarian.org
See slideshow: http://www.slideshare.net/lisacarlucci/risk-reality-the-mobile-revolution
The Past, Present and Future of Book PublishingMX Publishing
MX Publishing is a digital publisher that discusses changes in the publishing industry from past to present to future. Key changes include the rise of print on demand eliminating large print runs, online retailers like Amazon dominating book sales, and ebooks growing rapidly. The future of publishing is described as more consolidation among retailers and niche publishers flourishing by leveraging social media and multimedia ebook formats.
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The document summarizes the publishing industry's response to the rise of digital books and ebooks. It discusses how Macmillan initially experimented with ebooks before partnering with Sony to launch the Sony Reader and ebook store in the UK. This forced Macmillan to quickly build an ebook publishing process. The document also reviews the state of the ebook market internationally and emerging trends, like the importance of mobile platforms and new business models that add multimedia content or crowd-sourced creation.
Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software and other content available to the public for sale or for free. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works, such as books, newspapers, and magazines.
Digital Publishing Trends to Watch This Year and Their Potential Impact on Li...Eli Sullivan
This document discusses 11 digital publishing trends to watch in 2012 and their potential impact on libraries. Key trends include the continued growth of ebooks and mobile devices, the rise of social and interactive reading experiences, new platforms for publishing and storytelling, and customization through personalization. Challenges for publishers include the decline of print, lower barriers to entry for authors, and an increased focus on short form and on-demand content. Overall, digital publishing is undergoing rapid changes that could transform the industry.
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The Digital Book (R)evolution - By the Book 2014, Florence - SLIDES & NOTES
1. By the Book Conference, Florence, May 2014, Claudio Pires Franco
The Digital Book
(R)evolution
UNESCO Chair Project!
Crossing Media Boundaries:
New Media Forms of the Book!
(Prof Alexis Weedon)
1
claudio.pires.franco@gmail.com!
@clauzdifranco!
LinkedIn: http://lnkd.in/bH2zVdV
Conference Programme!
http://publishing.brookes.ac.uk/resources/By_the_Book_-
_programme_for_Publishing_Studies_conference_-_Florence_23_and_24_May_2014.pdf!
• I will start with a statement that pretty much sums up the reactions of the books industry to recent digital
changes
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
2. –Angus Phillips, Turning the Page, 2014
“This is an exciting period for the book, a time of
innovation, experimentation, and change. It is also
a time of considerable fear within the book
industry as it adjusts to changes in how books are
created and consumed”
2
“This is an exciting period for the book, a time of innovation, experimentation, and change. It is also a time of
considerable fear within the book industry as it adjusts to changes in how books are created and consumed”
!
• The year is 2014, and everyday magazines dedicated to the analysis of the book industry publish articles discussing
the threats and opportunities posed by digital media. The word digital - whether loved or hated - has acquired
virtually mythical and omnipresent status in publishing
• The importance given to digital can be seen in the whole raft of industry apparatus dedicated to it
• There are organisations and websites such as Digital Book World and Future Book by The Bookseller in the UK;
• there are tens of conferences every year exclusively dedicated to the topic, and hundreds of workshops and seminars
dedicated to digital in the more general publishing sector events (e.g. O’Reilly’s Tools of Change at Bologna; or the
Digital Innovation hall at the Frankfurt Book Fair);
• and finally there are courses with digital strategy experts advising publishers
• In fact, the digital revolution has generated a whole sub-industry that discusses and advises on digital publishing.
• It is very likely that this very industry - and related discourses which pose digital as a threat and create the need for
help to survive its danger - shaped the very notion of the digital revolution: how fast it is, how different it is, where it
is leading
• In my presentation I will try to approach digital with cautious optimism
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
3. The Digital (R)evolution Context
❖ Analysis focus is on the “West” (mainly UK and US)!
❖ Most visible changes now in trade publishing!
❖ Familiarisation with ebooks!
❖ Wide access to mobile media devices!
❖ “Maturity” in the uses of the Internet (Web 2.0)!
❖ More media - more fiction - consumed!
❖ Disintermediation: rise of self-publishing!
❖ Non-publishers Amazon and Apple
3
• Digital - to be understood as the whole set of digital media, digital production practices, digital devices and
consumption habits - has already changed the professional and education publishing segments - now, changes are
visible in trade (or consumer) publishing
• The biggest change is probably the establishment of ebooks, especially for adult fiction
• There was a very fast growth from around the start of the decade, followed, it seems, by a plateau…
• There is now wide and growing access to mobile media devices: tablets and smartphones - which means new
platforms and affordances to be explored,
• There is ongoing exploration, “maturity”, and diversification in the uses of the Internet (user-generated content, co-
authoring, live feedback, reader reviews, crowd-funding, and others)
• Overall there have been increases on the average time spent consuming media, namely in the fiction genre
• Then there is the rise of self-publishing - through many new platforms; and news of publishers paying 6 figure sums to
secure rights to the work of self-published authors (the majority of which still dream of being picked by a publisher…)
• And we also witnessed the rise of non-publishers in publishing: Amazon and Apple dominate the ebook and app
markets
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
4. The Digital (R)evolution Context
❖ Media conglomerates and media convergence (cross-media flows) !
❖ Publishers experimenting with - and expanding into - other
media circuits; publishers as cross-media “brand nurturers”!
❖ Recognised potentials of digital media affordances for publishing!
❖ Experimentation driven from outside book publishing!
❖ Partnerships and joint expertise in new kinds of publishers!
❖ New formats, new ways of writing, new publishing practices,
new roles for readers...
4
• Vertical and horizontal consolidation strategies and media convergence in cultural circuits of production: wherever
they originate, stories and IP travel across media - publishers have less power filtering content (e.g. Moshi Monster
bestselling children’s book in UK for months); the typical path of book to film to game has been replaced by
complex networks of cross-media and transmedia flows - often driven by the commercial interests of large
corporations that operate across media.
• Book publishers - and often authors, on their own - are experimenting in different media environments (enhanced
ebooks, apps, games, even creating TV and film production arms)
• The potentials of digital media affordances for book publishing are perceived as great - and more or less suitable for
different purposes and genres
• Experiments that go beyond simple ebooks seem to be happening in reference and education (the realm of
knowledge), but also in children’s books (the realm of storytelling) - not as much in adult fiction
• Experimentation has been steady, often driven from outside traditional - big - publishing - reminiscent of 1980s CD-
ROM era where technology firms drove innovation, until virtually all major publishers had their own CD-ROM
department
• A lot of the innovation is in the form of partnerships, commissioning digital formats to technology firms in other
sectors, or new ventures that mix publishers with technologists or digital media experts (e.g. Touch Press)
• Overall, the establishment of digital has meant relatively rapid changes in the ways books are produced, distributed
and read, and very noticeably the introduction of new formats that draw on both old and new conventions
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
5. Image credits: Per Palmkvist Knudsen, Creative Commons
• In this presentation we will look at the ways in which books are changing in a myriad of digital forms; at how
innovation is linked to social, cultural, technological and economic factors that either facilitate or inhibit it.
• And reflect on the very definition of “book” and the eventual need to rethink existing definitions and blurred lines
between older and newer media
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
6. A Brief Chronology of the Book: Before Ebooks
(Format and Technology)
6
The ‘Digital Era’
From
1970s 1980s 1990s
Encarta
Mid
1990s
Online
delivery
E-readers
Sony,!
Kindle
iPad
ePub3
Computers in
production
CD-ROMs
Best App:
Disney
Animated
Amazon:
ebooks ahead
of pbooks
Ebooks
plateau
2006/7Late!
90s
2011 20132012
iBooks
Author
2010 2013 2014
Barefoot
Atlas: 10
best apps
all time
• Experimentation with digital in the book industry isn't exactly new.
• 1970s - Computers start to be used in the production of print books - According to Paul Luna’s chapter in the book A
Companion to the History of the Book, it was all about reducing costs turning text into publishable data, and
extracting maximum value from the data. The bulk of this slide is based on Luna’s and Chadwick-Healey’s chapters in
that book.
• Importantly, as Luna states the “printed output [is] only one of [the] aims” (392)… - a file can end up as a printed
book, an ebook, or be adapted into a myriad of other formats; Luna (393) suggests that now “any print publication
should be considered as just one instance of that text”
• This notion of file means that digital media facilitate the perception of content as independent of format
• This idea of content as being independent of format is linked to ongoing discussions around whether books are
simply “containers” - in other words, does format affect content, which for me is more a question of “To what extent
does format affect content?” It certainly does, to a certain degree, for example to adhere to a specific structure or
number of pages in print, or the recent digital trend of short - or shorter - stories, on mobile phones and serialised
ebooks. These suit the media “snacking” behaviours of our times.
• 1980s CD-ROMs - Grolier’s “The Knowledge Disk” encyclopaedia
• 1993: Microsoft’s Encarta encyclopaedia (initially planned in the mid 80s but put on hold due to commercial doubts;
its first sales were very low - it was expensive at $400; then prices were lowered, and it was given as an integral part
of Microsoft software bundles. The content was based on an existing print encyclopaedia, with the addition of photos
and illustrations, music clips, videos, interactive contents, timelines, maps & atlas and homework tools) This may
sound familiar if you use digital textbooks or reference apps
• Dorling Kindersley’s The Way Things Work sold 1.25 million copies; CD-ROM publications worth £25m/year
• By the mid 1990s: almost every major publishers had a “multimedia department” to publish CD-ROMs. But they
didn't drive the change and experimentation - this was done by technology firms and new digital publishing ventures.
• CD-ROM “enabled print publishers to become electronic publishers”
• The decline of CD-ROM was brought about by the “migration” of content to the Internet, which for the most part
offered free access to similar content as found in reference disks - albeit perhaps less well-curated.
• In the mid 1990s online delivery became established, starting with reference books, bibliographic databases and
journal articles - not an entire surprise given the first users of the Internet were scientists, researchers, academics…
for whom having easy access to the latest research papers is a big help!
• Professional and academic publishing moved online - this facilitates searching, reduces printing and production costs
and timings, and the need for storage in libraries
• The Internet also became the medium of preference for books such as dictionaries - online they are easily updatable,
on an ongoing basis, and quickly becoming more authoritative than their poorly updated print counterparts
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
7. A Brief Chronology of the Book: After Ebooks
(Format and Technology)
7
The ‘Digital Era’
From
1970s 1980s 1990s
Encarta
Mid
1990s
Online
delivery
E-readers
Sony,!
Kindle
iPad
ePub3
Computers in
production
CD-ROMs
Best App:
Disney
Animated
Amazon:
ebooks ahead
of pbooks
Ebooks
plateau
2006/7Late!
90s
2011 20132012
iBooks
Author
2010 2013 2014
Barefoot
Atlas: 10
best apps
all time
• The ebook era
• E-readers were launched in 90s. Initially they weren’t very successful, but once they improved in terms of design and
functionality - and were accompanied by strong distribution systems - sales figures rose. The Sony reader and later
the Kindle were references, with Kindle currently dominating the market. Interestingly, and contrary to the idea of the
digital natives, older people were the biggest customers of e-readers… while younger ones were busy trying
PlayStations and and Nintendos…
• The mobile era
• In 2010 the tablet arrived - and the world changed, or so it’s told in the realm of the digital creative industries
• We then saw ebooks overcome print books in terms of volume and value of sales on Amazon
• Apple launched iBooks Author - a free tool for the production of enhanced ebooks and especially textbooks
• Then in 2013 the growth of ebooks preaches a plateau… although not everyone agrees on the robustness of the
statistics
• And in 2013 and 2014 two awards that may mean a lot for digital books proving themselves acclaimed amidst
competition in the app market from tens of thousands of other apps.
• Of course one could also mention even larger numbers of failing digital books… but that would be depressing
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
8. Industry Classifications
❖ Publishers: ebooks, sometimes apps!
❖ Digital book awards: flowable vs. fixed layout ebooks
and apps!
❖ Innovative digital books are hard to find in traditional
publishers’ websites
8
• This is work in progress but current industry classifications that I came across - on publishers’ websites, digital
publishing awards, and through an analysis of tens of articles by industry experts, are based mostly on platform of
production and / or reading.
• Publishers: most have an ebooks section, some also have apps
• Digital book awards also distinguish between flowable vs. fixed layout ebooks and apps
• For the most part, innovative digital books are hard to find in traditional publishers’ websites
• Some new players dedicated exclusively to digital books, and aiming to create their own “shop fronts”
• We will come back to the matter of classification, but for now I hope this has given you a flavour for the degree of
diversity in digital publishing
• For many in industry and academia these new forms have often been conceived of as a threat to publishing
• This lead inevitably to a big question...
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
9. The Future of the "Book"
• What is the future of the book?
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
10. –Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose, A Companion to the History of the Book
“… [T]he question of whether or not the book as
we know it has a future is almost always the first
and most pressing question asked.”
10
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
11. –Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose, A Companion to the History of the Book
“Given the book’s adaptability and its ability to
migrate from one material form to another, one
might be inclined to be optimistic.”
11
• For someone coming from outside the field of History of the Book these two statements may sound slightly
inconsistent.
• On the one hand we are told the pressing questions is whether or not the book as we know it will survive
• On the other hand, we are told that books are adaptable and change from one material form to another - changes in
format frame and condition content, which in turn means that when new formats appear, their content - the way
they’re written, the affordances of the new medium or material, the distribution channels, and so on - will necessarily
vary, at least to a certain extent
• If there’s one thing that History of the Book shows us is that books, writing, publishing and reading are not static -
they evolve with cultural, social, economic and technological changes - in tandem
• Expecting the book to persist “as we know it” seems to be equivalent to asking for time to stop and for books to
remain forever crystallised in their current form - or rather, forms, since print or codex are wide umbrella labels for a
multitude of formats…
• Having said that, I believe - and also wish - print books will be around for a few more centuries!
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
12. The Future(s) of the Book
❖ Unilinear path: one format is replaced by the next in
consecutive fashion.
12
Image credits: José-Manuel Benitos, Creative Commons
LINEAR EVOLUTION
• Many analyses seem to conceive of change and innovation in book publishing formats and technologies as if
these followed a unilinear path. In this angle, the commanding perception is that one format is replaced by the
next in consecutive fashion.
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
13. The Future(s) of the Book
❖ Branching paths: older and newer formats co-exist.
13
Image credits: Tony Hirst, https://www.flickr.com/photos/psychemedia
BRANCHING EVOLUTION
• It seems more fruitful to conceive of change and innovation in terms of branching paths, with older and newer
formats co-existing
• A branching model also helps conceiving of variation within a major format; the label “print”, for example, hides a
huge amount of diversity of printed books
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
14. All these are print books, just look at how different they are…
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
15. The Future(s) of the Book
❖ Two hypotheses:!
❖ 1) Print books are not that dissimilar from digital books; perhaps
bigger differences exist between some print formats than between
certain print and digital forms!
❖ 2) Digital books explore the affordances of new technologies, but
more often than not are inspired by established print genres,
framed by their conventions, and often adaptations of existing
books (e.g. an existing story; a print encyclopaedia’s database)!
❖ Which means there is both divergence and continuity between
print and digital
15
• When we look at this matter of the future of the book in the light of a wealth of diversity, both in print and
digital, two hypotheses can be drawn:
• 1) Print books are not that always dissimilar to digital books; perhaps bigger differences exist between some print
formats than between certain print and digital forms
• 2) Digital books explore the affordances of new technologies, but more often than not they are also inspired by
established print genres, framed by their conventions, and more often than not actually also adapt existing stories
• I want to pick on ideas around both difference and continuity between print and digital to star sketching a typology
of digital books which is also an alternative to existing industry classifications and seemingly a gap in academia to
approach digital much beyond ebooks.
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
16. Digital Books: Typology Sketches
Any digital form
of the “book”
• This typology is just the start, and any feedback would be welcomed.
• It is based on ongoing analysis of digital books started three years ago. I can tell you - there is a lot to analyse out
there!
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
17. 17
More book-like
More multimodal and/or making use of
affordances of digital media (e.g. user-
generated content, interactivity, ludic features,
cross-platform or cross-media / transmedia)
Ebooks
The Multimodality / Interactivity Angle
Enhanced
ebooks ePub3
“Multimedia
ebooks”
iBooks
Author
Story / Book
Apps
Game books
Digital
fiction
“Bridging”
Books
Narrative
games
Social book
• I will present two diagrams
• This one is based on divergence from print, on the new modes and affordances allowed by digital media
• The logic of the axis, and of the positioning of digital forms along it, is based on how far they have gone away from
printed books, considering levels of both multimodality and of features such as interactivity closer to, and influenced
by other media such as games
• Starting on the left, I use ebooks to mean the simpler - and most remediated form - of digital book, which some in
the industry are calling vanilla ebooks - or “normal” ebooks
• We then have enhanced ebooks in ePub 3 format, which typically add images, videos or sound, but still follow the
aesthetic form of the ebook
• Then there’s “multimedia ebooks”, such as those made with iBooks Author, which still use pages and paragraphs, and
other print conventions, but add digital features such as pop-up text, images with labels and zooming function,
videos, images, slideshows, 3D objects, and “widgets” that allow programmers to add HTML5 bits of code, for
example, to embed a website within the “book” (as these are “read” on tablets, the Internet connection allows such
additions.
• And towards the right there are other forms that start to merge more with other forms of media, and blurring the
borderline between books (closer to the print traditions) and digital games, hypertext websites, or even social
networking platforms (for example, Bob Stein’s Social Book allows users to comment on any bit of text or images,
comment on comments, and thus turn the reading - or discussion of the content - into a social experience.
• Bridging Books, developed by the Engage Lab (University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal) is an example of “hybrid
media books” (their own term), by linking physical objects - in this case the book - to a digital device: as the pages of
the print book are turned, the iPad shows content that continues, or expands the print page (e.g. an illustration is
continued, with some animation; or a clock is spread between page and screen to teach children how to tell the time)
• I am currently working on another shape of diagram, circular, that allows for a more efficient visualisation of - and
thinking about - digital books at the convergence of print and other digital media forms.
• With this diagram we can see how diverse this space is, and how far these new forms move away from the codex by
exploring the affordances of the digital medium, often drawing on other types of digital texts
• Let’s now look at the second diagram…
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
18. 18
PRINT BOOKS
DIGITAL
The Remediation / Convergence Angle
Children's
Storybooks
Novels
Choose-
your-own
OTHER MEDIA!
Games, Websites, AR
Ebooks
Storybook
Apps
Game-books
Pop-up
Books
AR books!
Wonderbook
• This is just a simple illustration, but it hopefully makes the point…
• If we take the diversity of formats in print as a starting point - and look for continuities rather than contrasts between
older and newer forms of the print and digital books - we can think of a different way of classifying digital books
• This takes into account the ways in which different kinds of digital books draw inspiration on print book genres and
conventions
• But also - especially the more interactive and multimodal kinds of digital books - also draw inspiration and
conventions from other types of media, for example the interactivity of games or digital creativity apps
• This results in the creation of texts that are to an extent hybrids between books and other forms of media, and which
explore the affordances of the digital medium,
• and specifically of devices such as tablets (although other platforms and technologies such as the Internet, AR,
physical-to-digital objects, and others are also explored)
• Some genres seem to be very suitable to digital, for example reference books… storybooks for children, picture
books, books that portray other kinds of media
• And there are less familiar kinds of new formats often characterised by media convergence and hybridity: digital
fiction, Wonderbook with AR, the Bridging Books, game-books, Inkle’s Sorcey!, and so on…
• Are these books? Some scholars and practitioners from other fields would probably claim them as their own, as texts
to be produced by other creative industries and analysed by academics in other fields of study… Perhaps the wisest
position is to avoid any fixed “borders”, and engage in multiple analyses an discussions of what are relatively new
forms of media.
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
19. –Independent publisher David Wilk, digitalbookworld.com, 24.10.2013
“Publishers do not (yet) see a market for inventive
digital publishing […] But what if the reason we have
not seen any real success in innovative ebooks is not a
lack of market, but something else altogether?”
19
• Now I’d like to focus on possible barriers to innovation, as suggested by the industry practitioner David Wilk
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
20. –Independent publisher David Wilk, digitalbookworld.com, 24.10.2013
“Publishers do not (yet) see a market for inventive
digital publishing […] But what if the reason we have
not seen any real success in innovative ebooks is not a
lack of market, but something else altogether?”
20
• Innovation - in this case with the use of digital media for publishing purposes - is discussed in terms of the existence
of a market opportunity, to be understood as a sufficient number of sufficiently interested readers (or should we call
them users, of digital media; or even consumers, of digital products?) who result in a number of sales enough to
cover any production expenses and hopefully still generate a profit.
• But apparently there hasn’t been any “real” success in digital publishing - which means many publishers are still
waiting to see when it happens - similarly to events in the CD-ROM era, it seems
• Wilk also suggests other factors slowing down innovation…
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
21. Barriers
❖ Fragmentation: discoverability issues, no easy way of
finding digital books!
❖ Lack of promotion by Apple!
❖ Lack of investment by Amazon
21
• Fragmentation: there isn’s an easy way to find digital books; Amazon, some say, was indeed a life-saver for ebooks
acting as a central marketplace
• Lack of promotion by Apple - have the technology, the devices, the platforms - but don’t seem very interested in
promoting digital books (although this seems to be changing slightly) - sell enough apps and games and devices
• Lack of interest in technology by Amazon - busy with ebooks, did progress with Kindle enhanced ebooks (which look
fairly poor compared to the ones I showed you), but could do more, for example through their Kindle Fire device, a
true tablet that could support more innovative digital formats
• And based on interviews I did with publishers: high costs, complexity, lack of in-house skills, and other factors we do
not have time to cover
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
22. The Future of the "Book"
(And a future for the digital book?)
• It seems that even the future of digital books is at stake…
• But does it matter whether we have print books, or digital books, or game-book interactive apps?
• At the end of the day, paper, tablets, binary digital codes, they are all materials, or resources that we humans can play
with to create wonderful works…
• Digital books are great at some things… print books are great at other things… as Gunther Kress proposes, rhetors
(in communication, media included) choose from a range of available modes, multimodal arrangements, genres and
media that they see as best apt to fulfil their goals…
• [Reference: Kress, Gunther (2010). Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Contemporary Communication. New
York: Routledge.]
• Publishers, authors and digital producers are experimenting, getting used to new affordances, pushing boundaries
and gaining skills…
• And even without dedicated distribution services and big marketing budgets some digital books have reached ROI
(return on investment) and have been praised by readers and (digital) critics alike
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
23. The End
• The potential of digital for storytelling is huge, but as Janet Murray suggests we're still waiting for a digital
Shakespeare…
• [Note: my interpretation of what Murray meant with ‘waiting for Shakespeare’ is that we are still to come across a
digital work, a writer (an author, or perhaps a team of “producers”) that can receive widespread recognition. In my
opinion, perhaps these authors already exist. It could be argued that some original works in the area of digital books,
or digital fiction, are indeed of great quality, but persistent hierarchies of value attributed to different media, and an
ongoing conception of digital “books” as opposed to print, and of digital in general as an intellectually-inferior
medium, mean (together with a a myriad more factors) that the most experimental forms of writing are still for niche
groups - they do not yet gain wide acclaim, or popularity, especially in literary realms]
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014
24. By the Book Conference, Florence, May 2014, Claudio Pires Franco
The Digital Book
(R)evolution
UNESCO Chair Project!
Crossing Media Boundaries:
New Media Forms of the Book!
(Prof Alexis Weedon)
24
claudio.pires.franco@gmail.com!
@clauzdifranco!
LinkedIn: http://lnkd.in/bH2zVdV
Conference Programme!
http://publishing.brookes.ac.uk/resources/By_the_Book_-
_programme_for_Publishing_Studies_conference_-_Florence_23_and_24_May_2014.pdf!
By.the.Book.2014-Claudio.Franco-The.Digital.Book.(R)evolution - 6 June 2014