This document provides an overview of business management concepts including definitions of management, management functions, and levels of management. It discusses management as a process of achieving goals effectively and efficiently through people using the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It describes the three levels of management as top, middle, and lower/frontline management. It also introduces tools for project scheduling including precedence analysis, Gantt charts, and the PERT network planning model.

1. BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
PREPARED BY: ABDUL RASHED BARAKZAI

2. OUT LINE OR ROAD MAP
 Over all Management (concept vs Leadership) cheekonaky management bahas
meekonim
Functions & Level of Managment
Project cycle
 plsnning

3. PURPOSE:
• To understand the roll of Team building in establishing relationship with employee and
partners
• To understand how to make strong team
• To understand roll of team building in leadership

4. MANAGEMENT
• Management is the process of achieving goals and
objectives effectively and efficiently through and
with the people.
• "Management is a process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals work together in groups
to effectively and efficiently accomplish selected aims".

5. MANAGEMENT CONTINUE…
• Management is the process of achieving
organizational goals and objectives effectively and
efficiently by using management functions .
Management
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Controlling

6. ELEMENT OF DEFINITION
• Process: Represents ongoing functions
• Efficiency: Getting the most output from the least amount of inputs or is doing things
right or getting the most output from less amount of input
• Effectiveness: Doing the right things or doing work activity that helps organization Goal
or Adequate to accomplish a purpose; producing the intended or expected result.
Efficiency and effectiveness are related to each other

7. EFFECTIVE VS EFFICIENCY
Brand Cars Cost Employee Time
Toyota 100 1000 10 2 Months
Nissan 80 1000 1o Months
Toyota is Efficient compare to Nissan
Brand Cars Cost Employee Time Quality
Toyota 100 1000 10 2 Months 9/10
Nissan 80 1000 1o Months 10/10
Nissan is Effective compare to Toyota
Management is both art and science.

8. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Planning
1 Planning is the process of setting goals, and charting the best way of action for achieving
the goals. This function also includes, considering the various steps to be taken to
encourage the necessary levels of change and innovation.
Organizing
2
Organizing is the process of allocating and arranging work, authority and resources, to
the members of the organization so that they can successfully execute the plans.
Staffing
3 Staffing consists (4Rs; Right Person, Right Position, Right Time, Right Place)of
recruiting, training and developing people, who form part of the organized efforts
to contribute towards organizational growth.
Leading
4 Leading involves directing, influencing and motivating employees to perform essential
tasks. This function involves display of leadership qualities, different leadership styles,
different influencing powers, with excellent abilities of communication and motivation.
Controlling
5 Controlling is the process of devising various checks to ensure that planned performance
is actually achieved. It involves ensuring that actual activities conform to the planned
activities. Monitoring the financial statements, checking the cash registers to avoid
overdraft etc., form part of this process.

9. First-Line Management
Foreman, Supervisors, Officer
Middle Management
Plant Managers, Division Managers,
Department Managers
Top
Management
President, CEO,
Executive
Vice Presidents
Non- Managerial Employees
LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT

10. LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT
1. Top Level: Top management sets the mission and goals, develops policies, evaluates the overall performance of various
departments, responsible for the business as a whole and is concerned mainly with long-term planning
2. Middle Level: Middle level management develops departmental goals, executes the policies, plans and strategies
determined by top management , develops medium- term plans and supervises and coordinate lower-level managers’
activities
2. Lower (Supervisory, frontline) Level: Lower level management takes charge of day-to-day operations, is involved in
preparing detailed short-range plans, is responsible for smaller segments of the business, executes plans of middle
management , guides staff in their own subsections and keep close control over their activities

11. ORGANIZATION SYSTEM MODEL
System
Transformation
Management Process
Technical Process
OutputsInputs
Raw materials
Human resources
Capital
Technology
Information
Equipment
Facilities
Energy
Products and services
Financial results
Information
Human results
Profit/loss
Environment
Environment
Feedback

12. WHAT IS A RESULTS CHAIN?

13. IF my Inputs
are in place
THEN I can
undertake
Activities
IF my Outcomes
are contributed
toward THEN my
impacts can be
contributed toward
IF my Activities
are completed
THEN my
outputs will be
delivered
IF my Outputs
are delivered
THEN my
outcomes will
be contributed
toward
RESULTS CHAIN – IF/THEN

14. USEFUL FRAMEWORK
How What we want ? Why
Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impact
Trainers
ORT
supplies
Funds
Participants
Launch
Media
15 media
campaigns
completed Improved
ORT for
managing
childhood
diarrhea
Reduced
mortality
rates for
children
under 5
years old
Train Health
professionals
in ORT
100 health
professionals
trained
Increased
maternal
knowledge of
ORT
services
Increased
access to
ORT

15. TASK SCHEDULING
1. Precedence analysis
2. Gantt Charts
3. PERT / CPA

16. PRECEDENCE ANALYSIS
• Decides what activities must be carried out before particular activity can start.
• Must be done before an activity plan can be produced.

17. GANTT CHARTS
• Developed by Henry Gantt, around 1917.
• Gantt charts are easy to use and produce.
• They are very useful for use on less complex projects.
• Commonly used due to there simplicity.
• Gantt charts are easily understood and easy to read.

18. EXAMPLE
WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Task 4
Task 5
Task 6

19. NETWORK PLANNING MODELS/PERT /
• PERT
• The Program Evaluation and Review Technique
• Developed by:
• US Navy with

20. 1
2
3
4
5
5
5
Start End
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h