building materials have considerable impact on environment. so choosing the right material and knowledge about modern materials is equally important in modern day construction and technology

1. Seminar
on
Modern Construction and Technology
Department of Construction Technology and Management
B.SC IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2009EC
1
Session-3
BUILDING MATERIALAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
FACULTY :P.ADITYA-COTM-988906882

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BUILDING MATERIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Warm welcome to one and all………….

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HOW DO WE FIND A BUILDING MATERIAL IS ECO FRIENDLY OR NOT?
Example:
Building material-wood
Eco friendly?
Non Eco friendly ?

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Wood-eco friendly
Wood-Non eco friendly
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Wood-Availability-90%
Wood-Availability-20%
Case-1
Case-2

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• Annually THREE BILLION METRIC TONS of raw materials are consumed
to manufacture building materials and products.
• The building industry is the second largest consumer of raw materials, after
the food industry.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

6. Building material is any material which is
used for construction purposes.
• Naturally occurring substances
• many man-made products
The manufacture of building materials is an
established industry in many countries
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
WHAT ARE BUILDING MATERIALS
Source:http://unittwoprojectlondonandjanae1st.we
ebly.com/about.html
Availability of building materials
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Region
1990
Area
(1,000 Ha)
2005
Area
(1,000 Ha)
Change in Area
(1,000 Ha)
Change in Area
(%)
South America 890.818 831.540 -59,278 -6.65
Africa 699,361 635,412 -63,949 -9.14
Oceania 212,514 206,254 -6,260 2.95
Central America &
Caribbean
32,989 28,385 -4,604 -13.96
North America 677,801 677,464 -337 -0.05
Europe 989,320 1,001,394 +12,073 +1.22
Asia 574,487 571,577 -2,910 -0.51
World 4,077,291 3,952,025 -125,265 -3.07
Deforestation, Desertification, and Soil Erosion
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

9. NATURALLY OCCURRING SUBSTANCES
Brush
Ice and snow
Mud and clay
Sand
Stone or rock
Thatch
Wood and timber
Minerals
Etc……….
MANY MAN-MADE PRODUCTS
Fired bricks
Cement composites
Concrete
Fabric
Foam
Glass
Gypcrete
Metal
Plastic
Papers and membranes
Ceramics
Etc………..
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Costs of building materials
Economic costs
Ecological costs
Energy costs
Social costs
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• Buildings and associated uses are responsible for a large part of the environmental load
caused by humanity.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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General Problem
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Impact of Building Materials on Human Health

14. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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15. HOW TO JUDGE IF THE LIFESPAN OF YOUR MATERIAL IS AND IMPORVEMET
CARBON FOOTPRINT
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16. • Buildings are large entities and, as such, they impact upon the environment in
various ways
• Present-day designs consume large quantities of physical resources
such as materials, energy and money in their
 construction,
 maintenance and
 use;
• Result -Loss of amenity and biodiversity -difficult to assess.
The life-cycle of a building material can be considered to have five stages:
- mining/extraction/harvesting
- manufacture
- construction
- use
- demolition
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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17. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF A MATERIAL
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18. Australian system, BMAS (Building Material Assessment System), based on life-cycle
analysis, has been developed to compare the relative ecological impacts of various types of
wall, floor and roof assemblies
High numbers indicate greater environmental impact
lower numbers indicate lesser impact
• Relatively small quantities of materials that have high impact (eg, steel)
• large quantities of materials that have lower impact (eg terracotta tile)
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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“Smog is a type of air pollution, resulting when industrial and fuel emissions
become trapped at ground level and are transformed after reacting with sunlight”
Beijing China air on a day after rain (left) and a sunny but smoggy day
(right) August 2005.
Photo taken by Bobak Ha'Eri
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
DRASTIC EFFECT -EXAMPLE

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• Ecological Toxicity
• Ecological Degradation
• Global Climate Change
• Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
• Acidification-Acid rain
• Eutrophication
• Deforestation, Desertification,
• and Soil Erosion
• loss of bio-diversity,
• Habitat Alteration
• Water Resource Depletion
OTHER EFFECTS
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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The primary energy
consumption (PEC) is the
energy needed to manufacture
the building product.”
Energy Consumption during the Production of Building Materials
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

22. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Ecological approach
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23. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Ecological approach
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24. Guidelines for Assessing and Choosing Materials
Methods for assessing and choosing materials are based on the following
guidelines:
1. Environmental factors
2. Local materials and transport needs (savings)
3. Needs of occupants of dwellings
4. Need for appropriate building design for marketing
5. Need for financial viability/affordability
6. Need to make best use of current technology, through the
Building Material Assessment System (see above)
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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25. The assessment is covered by 14 different parameters:
• The damage to the environment during mining or
harvesting of the basic material.
• How much damage in relation to the quantity of materials
(what else is disturbed or damaged?).
• The source, size, or renewability of the basic material.
• The recycle content.
• Waste residue, solid or liquid, in production.
• The air pollution due to manufacture and production.
• The embodied energy
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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Each parameter is assigned a weighting between 1 and 5, and all the weightings must total 42. This method allows users to
stipulate any personal priorities. The weightings can be altered according to the philosophies of the client.
Source: Environmental Impacts of Building Materials
- by Bill Lawson - School of Architecture, Uni of New South Wales, Sydney
http://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/materials-compared/
• The energy consumed during transportation to site of
usage.
• The energy consumed on-site for erection or assembling.
• The on-site waste and packaging.
• The maintenance required during the life-cycle.
• The environmental impact during the life-cycle (ie, toxic
emissions).
• The energy and effects associated with demolition/disposal
at the end of the life-cycle.
• The recyclability of the demolished/dissembled material
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

27. The Environmental Impact of Building Materials
After the U.S. Green Building Council launched LEED v4 promote transparency in materials'
• Environmental Product Declarations
• Health Product Declarations
• Product Transparency Declarations
• Material Health Certificates
• Declare
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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28. • Aesthetic advantages
• Economical structures
• Faster construction
• Ecological balance
• Green approach
Factors influencing the selection of green/sustainable
building materials
Why we choose building material?
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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29. SMART MATERIALS
• Self-detection,
• self-diagnostic
• Self-corrective,
• self-controlled,
• self-healing
• Shock-absorbers,
• damage arrest.
 Piezoelectric
 Electrostrictive
 Magnetostrictive
 Shape memory alloy
 Optical fibers
 Materials with added
Functions
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CLASSIFICATION
HI-TECH MATERIALS
• Transparent
• Lightweight
• Responsive
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30. ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS
• Minimum damage to the environment.
• Minimum energy for manufacturing.
• Recyclable and reusable.
• Locally available
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
INNOVATIVE MATERIALS
• Minimum damage to the environment.
• Minimum energy for manufacturing.
• Recyclable and reusable.
• Locally available
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31. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
ETFE-Ethylene Tetrafl Uoroethylene
• A fluorocarbon based polymer
• Act as air cushions
• stability and high insulation properties
• Transmit more light and Cost 24% to 70%
less than glass to install.
• useful life of at least 50yrs to 200years it
can be melted and reused...
Aesthetic advantage
• You can print graphics
Beijing Olympic stadium
kaleidoscopes effect that change
and react to sunlight.
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32. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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33. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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34. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Eden project biomes, Cornwall, uk.
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35. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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36. Lucem Translucent concrete: LED concrete
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
• Translucent concrete (light emitting
concrete)
• Embedded light optical elements-usually
optical fibres spread throughout the
aggregate and cement mix
• Used for Facade material flooring, ceiling,
wall mounting and also for cladding of
interior walls.
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37. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Glass fibre reinforced concrete: GRC
• Glass fibre reinforced concrete or GRC is a
composite material comprising a mixture of
hydraulic cement, silica sand, alkali resistant
glass fibres and water.
• Application
 1.Architectural cladding
 2.Architectural moulding
 3.Building components
 4.Industrial products
 5.Theme parks
• corrosion free
• moulded into any complex shape,profiles
• very light structures
• economic savings
• Durable, seismic capable, chemical resistant
,non combustible and good sound and heat
insulator.
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38. GRC panels
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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39. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Nano Materials:
• When combined with ultra-high-strength concrete, nano materials such as Carbon
Nanotubes(CNT’s) create a material so strong in both tension and compression that
steel reber is no longer needed in construction.
Tje Shimizu TRY 2004 Mega-city pyramid concept Tokyo was so large that it
could be only completed with kelp of carbon nanotubes
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40. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Self healing concrete
• self healing concrete was developed by
Netherland,Which says by infusing bacterial
spores in concrete help in patching up cracks
when water seeps through
• Can avoid cracking, caused by water and
chemicals.
La Tourette
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41. Germ repellent
• A team from Harvard produced
“slippery liquid porous surface”(SLIP),
that would let bacteria slip off.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Sweating rooftops
• New material from ZTH-Zurich that aims the
rooftop material to absorb water when it rains
and only releases it when the heat is raised to a
certain temperature
• resulting evaporation will in turn keep the
house cool-much like the process of human
sweat.
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42. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Hi-tech materials
• Need for new
material
 Transparent
 Lightweight
 Responsive
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43. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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44. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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45. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Light weight material
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46. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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47. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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48. BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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49. • If you walk across your kitchen
floor to get something from the
refrigerator, the floor twinkles
with lighted path that guides your
way through the dark room.
• The concrete of the tiles is
embedded with acrylic fiber-optic
channels that transfer light from
one point to another.
• As shadows move across
Terrazzo's surface, the light
channels flicker with a
randomized.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
Sensi tile
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50. RICHLITE
• It is a dense material made from partially
recycled paper and phenolic resin.
• 70 percent of the material is made with
recycled paper.
• It has a very high strength and has resistance
to High temperature up to 350 F .
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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51. Radiant Barriers
• Can be applied anywhere in attic space of
house
• Keeps heat out in summer, warmth in
during winter
• Usually made of aluminum
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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52. ELECTRIFIED WOOD:
• This European-designed material incorporates
a source of electricity directly into tables and
chairs.
• If Two metal layers are pressed between the
wood of the furniture, making it possible to
pass an electrical current through the whole
thing.
• The 12-volt power is fed to the metal layers
via one connector, and lamps, and other
devices can be connected via the other.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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53. Carbon Fiber
• Carbon fiber is made up of carbon strands
that are thinner than human hair. The
strands can be woven together, like cloth,
and then that can be molded to any shape
you might want.
• Carbon fiber is an extremely strong,
lightweight material.
• It's five times as strong as steel, two times as
stiff, yet weighs about two-thirds less.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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54. SELF REPARING CEMENT
• A new self-healing cement is currently being
developed which has the ability to repair its
own cracks.
• This cement is mixed with microcapsules that
release a glue-like epoxy resin that will
automatically repair any cracks that form in
the sidewalk or roadway.
• In addition this cement will have the ability
to regulate heat.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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55. LIQUID GRANITE
• The material is a lightweight and has the same
load bearing capacity of cement, but is made of
recycled materials.
• Liquid Granite is not only fire-resistant beyond
1,100 degrees Celsius , It can also withstand high
temperatures for longer periods .
• It has Moisture resisting properties.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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56. BENDABLE CONCRETE
• A new type of fiber-reinforced bendable concrete
• This new concrete is around 500 times more resistant to cracking than regular.
• The fibers slide within the concrete when bending occurs, providing it with
enough give to prevent breakage.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Example
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The matrix of environmental Impacts of materials life cycle
Environmental Impact
Material Life Cycle
Mining Manufacture Constructing Use Demolition
Human
Health
Air Pollution √ √ √ √ √
Smog √ √ √ √
Ecological Toxicity √ √ √ √ √
Eco-degradation
Global Climate Change √ √ √
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion √
Acidification √ √ √
Eutrophication √ √ √ √
Deforestation, Desertification, and Soil Erosion √ √ √ √ √
Habitat Alteration √ √
Loss of Biodiversity √ √ √
Water Resource Depletion √ √
Energy
Consumption
Energy Consumption during the Production of
Building Materials
√ √
Energy Consumption during Building, Use, and
Demolition
√ √ √
Fossil-fuel Depletion √ √ √ √ √
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Our role lies in management

59. • These new emerging building materials should be replaced with the old
ones to improve and helps in Recycling of the materials and save energy
and make countries pollution free.
• If These materials are used in construction we can
 save time
 money
 energy .
• So more new innovative materials should be created and make
construction of the building simpler with more strength.
• Provide resource savings
• Provide energy savings
• Reduce wastes (be reusable and easily recyclable).
• Not be harmful for human health
• Provide comfortable and suitable conditions for human health within the
covered areas.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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• What is the Building material -steel impact factor on environment in building
construction
• Life cycle of building material is considered good when it have_______life cycles
1 /2/3/4/5
• How do you judge the life span of the building material _______________
• ETFE is a material used in which building______________________
• what is the energy consumption of raw materials out of 100% production in world
QUESTION AND ANSWER

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Thank you all…